Trimsize:216mmx279mm Kraehmer ffirs.tex V3-01/14/2016 1:04P.M. Pagei Atlas of Weed Mapping Trimsize:216mmx279mm Kraehmer ffirs.tex V3-01/14/2016 1:04P.M. Pageii Trimsize:216mmx279mm Kraehmer ffirs.tex V3-01/14/2016 1:04P.M. Pageiii Atlas of Weed Mapping Editedby Hansjörg Krähmer formerlyofBayerCropScience,AG Frankfurt,Germany Trimsize:216mmx279mm Kraehmer ffirs.tex V3-01/14/2016 1:04P.M. Pageiv Thiseditionfirstpublished2016©2016byJohnWiley&SonsLtd particularpurpose.Itissoldontheunderstandingthatthepublisherisnotengagedin renderingprofessionalservicesandneitherthepublishernortheauthorshallbeliable Registeredoffice: JohnWiley&Sons,Ltd,TheAtrium,SouthernGate,Chichester, fordamagesarisingherefrom.Ifprofessionaladviceorotherexpertassistanceis WestSussex,PO198SQ,UK required,theservicesofacompetentprofessionalshouldbesought. Editorialoffices: 9600GarsingtonRoad,Oxford,OX42DQ,UK LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData TheAtrium,SouthernGate,Chichester,WestSussex, PO198SQ,UK Names:Krähmer,Hansjörg,editor. 111RiverStreet,Hoboken,NJ07030-5774,USA Title:Atlasofweedmapping/editedbyHansjörgKrähmer Description:Hoboken,NJ:JohnWiley&Sons,2016.|Includes Fordetailsofourglobaleditorialoffices,forcustomerservicesandforinformation bibliographicalreferencesandindex.|Descriptionbasedonprintversion abouthowtoapplyforpermissiontoreusethecopyrightmaterialinthisbookplease recordandCIPdataprovidedbypublisher;resourcenotviewed. seeourwebsiteatwww.wiley.com/wiley-blackwell. Identifiers:LCCN2015038618(print)|LCCN2015035752(ebook)|ISBN Therightoftheauthortobeidentifiedastheauthorofthisworkhasbeenassertedin 9781118720714(pdf)|ISBN9781118720721(epub)|ISBN9781118720738 accordancewiththeUKCopyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988. (cloth) Subjects:LCSH:Weeds.|Vegetationmapping. Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedina Classification:LCCSB611(print)|LCCSB611.K722016(ebook)|DDC retrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical, 632/.5–dc23 photocopying,recordingorotherwise,exceptaspermittedbytheUKCopyright, LCrecordavailableathttp://lccn.loc.gov/2015038618 DesignsandPatentsAct1988,withoutthepriorpermissionofthepublisher. AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. Designationsusedbycompaniestodistinguishtheirproductsareoftenclaimedas trademarks.Allbrandnamesandproductnamesusedinthisbookaretradenames, Wileyalsopublishesitsbooksinavarietyofelectronicformats.Somecontentthat servicemarks,trademarksorregisteredtrademarksoftheirrespectiveowners.The appearsinprintmaynotbeavailableinelectronicbooks. publisherisnotassociatedwithanyproductorvendormentionedinthisbook. Setin9/11pt,MinionProbySPiGlobal,Chennai,India. LimitofLiability/DisclaimerofWarranty:Whilethepublisherandauthor(s)have usedtheirbesteffortsinpreparingthisbook,theymakenorepresentationsor warrantieswithrespecttotheaccuracyorcompletenessofthecontentsofthisbook 1 2016 andspecificallydisclaimanyimpliedwarrantiesofmerchantabilityorfitnessfora Trimsize:216mmx279mm Kraehmer ftoc.tex V3-01/13/2016 11:00A.M. Pagev Contents Contributors,vii 14 Maizeweedbeltsandareasofsimilarweedinfestation,120 HansjörgKrähmer Acknowledgements,ix 15 Soybeanweedzonesandareas,123 Introduction,1 HansjörgKrähmer 16 Riceweedbelts,124 PartI: Continentalviewsofweed HansjörgKrähmer infestationmaps HansjörgKrähmer PartV: Generalobservationsonallinfestedsites 1 Europe,7 17 Ranksandnumberofweedspeciesinadefinedcrop,129 HansjörgKrähmer HansjörgKrähmer 2 Asia,23 18 Specializationofweedsandbiodiversity,130 HansjörgKrähmer HansjörgKrähmer 3 NorthAmerica,47 HansjörgKrähmer PartVI: Answerstokeyquestions:What 4 SouthAmerica,56 makeswhichweedgrowwhereandwhen? HansjörgKrähmer 19 Weedsascropcompanions,135 5 Africa,71 HansjörgKrähmer HansjörgKrähmer 20 Canweassociateweedswithspecificenvironmental 6 Australia,81 conditions?139 HansjörgKrähmer HansjörgKrähmer 21 Whatmakesweedsgrowinmonocultures,what PartII: Specialcropviewandmappingof makesthemcompetewiththecropandwithother cottonweeds weeds?161 7 Cottoncultivation,87 HansjörgKrähmer GarifaliaEconomou,AhmetUludagandHansjörgKrähmer PartVII: Aesthetics,rareweedsand 8 Globalcottonweeddistribution,90 productionobjectivesinagriculture GarifaliaEconomou,AhmetUludagandHansjörgKrähmer 22 Rareweedsinarablecropsandaesthetics:harmonyor 9 Farmingpracticesandweedinfestation,101 hunger?169 GarifaliaEconomou,AhmetUludagandHansjörgKrähmer HansjörgKrähmer 10 Summaryofglobalcottonweeddistribution,102 GarifaliaEconomou,AhmetUludagandHansjörgKrähmer PartVIII: Weedsinmeadows,pasturesand rangeland PartIII: Invasiveweedspecies 23 Overviewofgrassland,177 11 Overviewofselectedproblems,105 HansjörgKrähmer HansjörgKrähmer PartIX: Aquaticandwetlandweeds PartIV: Globalzoneswithsimilarweed 24 Introduction,185 infestation HansjörgKrähmer 12 Introductiontoglobalzoneswithsimilarweed 25 Morphologicaladaptationtowater,192 infestation,115 HansjörgKrähmer HansjörgKrähmer 26 Aerenchymawithinthestem,194 13 Cerealweedbelts,117 HansjörgKrähmer HansjörgKrähmer v Trimsize:216mmx279mm Kraehmer ftoc.tex V3-01/13/2016 11:00A.M. Pagevi vi Contents 27 Stemandvascularbundlemodifications,215 PartXI: Factorscontributingtothe HansjörgKrähmer temporalandspatialdistributionofweed 28 Theroot,277 resistance:amap-basedanalysis HansjörgKrähmer 38 HowhasAlopecurusmyosuroidesresistancechanged 29 Theleaf,311 overtheyears?409 HansjörgKrähmer MartinHess,JohannesHerrmann,HansjörgKrähmer andRolandBeffa 30 Vegetativepropagation,371 HansjörgKrähmer 39 Weedstowatch,420 HansjörgKrähmer 31 Aesthetics,speciesattractivenessandrareaquatic species,377 PartXII: Conflictbetweenthedominanceof HansjörgKrähmer someweedsandtheintentiontopreserve 32 Growingconditionsofaquaticplants,382 rarespecies HansjörgKrähmer 40 Canweshapenatureintowhatwewantittobe?425 33 Dominanceandnoxiouseffectsofselectedaquatic HansjörgKrähmer andwetlandspecies,384 HansjörgKrähmer PartXIII: Weeddatacollection,analysisand 34 Adaptationofterrestrialweedstowater presentationofresults stress:Waterloggingandtemporary 41 Introductiontoweedmappingmethodology,429 hypoxia,391 MichaelaKoláˇrováandPavelHamouz HansjörgKrähmer 42 Datacollection,430 35 Weedsinrice,396 MichaelaKoláˇrováandPavelHamouz HansjörgKrähmer 43 Approachestotheanalysisofweeddistribution,440 MichaelaKoláˇrováandPavelHamouz PartX: Whichecologicalrulesdescribedin textbookswillhelpustounderstandthe 44 Presentationofweedmappingresults,456 MichaelaKoláˇrováandPavelHamouz unevennessofweedspeciesdistribution? 36 Asymmetriccompetitionwithinarablecrops,401 HansjörgKrähmer Appendix,462 37 Comparisonofcloselyrelatedspeciesandtheirability Index,467 togrowasweedsincrops,404 HansjörgKrähmer Trimsize:216mmx279mm Kraehmer flast.tex V3-01/13/2016 10:40A.M. Pagevii Contributors RolandBeffa MartinHess BayerCropScience,AG, BayerCropScience,AG, Frankfurt,Germany Frankfurt,Germany GarifaliaEconomou MichaelaKolárˇová AgriculturalUniversityofAthens, CzechUniversityofLifeSciencesPrague, Athens,Greece Prague,CzechRepublic HansjörgKrähmer PavelHamouz BayerCropScience,AG, CzechUniversityofLifeSciencesPrague, Frankfurt,Germany Prague,CzechRepublic AhmetUludag JohannesHerrmann CanakkaleOnsekizMartUniversity,Çanakkale, TechnicalUniversityofBraunschweig, andDüzceUniversity,Düzce,Turkey Braunschweig,Germany vii Trimsize:216mmx279mm Kraehmer flast.tex V3-01/13/2016 10:40A.M. Pageviii