To access the additional media content available with this e-book via Thieme MedOne, please use the code and follow the instructions provided at the back of the e-book. Atlas of Operative Craniofacial Surgery American Society of American Society of Maxillofacial Surgeons Craniofacial Surgeons Mesa-6707_Book_LowResVersion.indb 1 2019-02-04 10:24:51 PM Mesa-6707_Book_LowResVersion.indb 2 2019-02-04 10:24:51 PM Atlas of Operative Craniofacial Surgery EDITORS John Mesa, MD Private Practice, New York, New York Steven R. Buchman, MD, FACS M. Haskell Newman Professor in Plastic Surgery, Professor of Neurosurgery; Program Director, Craniofacial Surgery Fellowship, University of Michigan Medical School; Chief, Pediatric Plastic Surgery, C. S. Mott Children’s Hospital; Director, Craniofacial Anomalies Program, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan Donald R. Mackay, DDS, MD, FACS, FAAP William P. Graham III Professor of Plastic Surgery, Professor of Surgery and Pediatrics; Vice Chair, Department of Surgery, Penn State Milton S. Hershey College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania Joseph E. Losee, MD, FACS, FAAP Ross H. Musgrave Professor of Pediatric Plastic Surgery, Executive Vice Chair, Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center; Division Chief, Pediatric Plastic Surgery, Department of Pediatric Plastic Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Robert J. Havlik, MD, FACS Chairman and George Korkos Professor of Plastic Surgery, Department of Plastic Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin With illustrations by Graeme Chambers Mesa-6707_Book_LowResVersion.indb 3 2019-02-04 10:24:51 PM Managing Editor: Owen J. Zurhellen Important note: Medicine is an ever-changing science undergoing continual Director, Editorial Services: Mary Jo Casey development. Research and clinical experience are continually expanding our Production Editor: Torsten Scheihagen knowledge, in particular our knowledge of proper t reatment and drug therapy. International Production Director: Andreas Schabert Insofar as this book mentions any dosage or applic a tion, readers may rest as- Editorial Director: Sue Hodgson sured that the authors, editors, and publishers have made every effort to ensure International Marketing Director: Fiona Henderson that such references are in accordance with the state of knowledge at the time International Sales Director: Louisa Turrell of production of the book. Director of Institutional Sales: Adam Bernacki Nevertheless, this does not involve, imply, or express any guarantee or re- Senior Vice President and Chief Operating Officer: sponsibility on the part of the publishers in respect to any dosage instructions Sarah Vanderbilt and forms of applications stated in the book. Every user is requested to exam- President: Brian D. Scanlan ine carefully the manufacturers’ leaflets accompanying each drug and to check, if necessary in consultation with a physician or specialist, whether the dosage Cover illustrations drawn by Amanda Behr schedules mentioned therein or the contraindications stated by the manufac- turers differ from the statements made in the present book. Such examination is Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data particularly important with drugs that are either rarely used or have been newly Names: Mesa, John, editor. | Buchman, Steven, editor. | Mackay, Donald R. released on the market. Every dosage schedule or every form of application used (Professor of plastic surgery), editor. | Losee, Joseph E., editor. | Havlik, is ent irely at the user’s own risk and responsibility. The authors and publishers Robert J., editor. request every user to report to the publishers any discrepancies or inaccuracies Title: Atlas of operative craniofacial surgery / [edited by] John Mesa, Steven R. noticed. If errors in this work are found after publication, errata will be posted Buchman, Donald R. Mackay, Joseph E. Losee, Robert J. Havlik. at www.thieme.com on the product description page. Description: New York : Thieme, [2019] | Includes bibliographical references Some of the product names, patents, and registered designs referred to in and index. | this book are in fact registered t rademarks or proprietary names even though Identifiers: LCCN 2018047761 (print) | LCCN 2018048459 (ebook) | ISBN specific reference to this fact is not always made in the text. There fore, the ap- 9781626237650 (e-book) | ISBN 9781626236707 (hardcover : alk. paper) | pearance of a name without designation as proprietary is not to be construed as ISBN 9781626237650 (eISBN) a representation by the publisher that it is in the public domain. Subjects: | MESH: Skull--surgery | Facial Injuries--surgery | Craniofacial Abnormalities--surgery | Reconstructive Surgical Procedures-- methods | Atlases Classification: LCC RD529 (ebook) | LCC RD529 (print) | NLM WE 17 | DDC 617.5/14--dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018047761 © 2019 Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. Thieme Publishers New York 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001 USA +1 800 782 3488, [email protected] Thieme Publishers Stuttgart Rüdigerstrasse 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany +49 [0]711 8931 421, [email protected] Thieme Publishers Delhi A-12, Second Floor, Sector-2, Noida-201301 Uttar Pradesh, India +91 120 45 566 00, [email protected] Thieme Publishers Rio de Janeiro, Thieme Publicações Ltda. Edifício Rodolpho de Paoli, 25º andar Av. Nilo Peçanha, 50 – Sala 2508 Rio de Janeiro 20020-906, Brasil +55 21 3172-2297 / +55 21 3172-1896 Paper from www.thiemerevinter.com.br responsible sources Cover design: Thieme Publishing Group Typesetting by Debra Clark This book, including all parts thereof, is legally protected by copyright. Any use, Printed in India by Replika Press Pvt. Ltd. 5 4 3 2 1 exploitation, or commerciali za tion outside the narrow limits set by copyright legislation without the publisher’s consent is illegal and liable to prosecution. ISBN 978-1-62623-670-7 This applies in particular to photostat reproduction, copying, mimeographing Also available as an e-book: or duplication of any kind, translating, preparation of microfilms, and electronic eISBN 978-1-62623-765-0 data processing and storage. Mesa-6707_Book.indb 4 2018-11-12 7:44:30 PM Contributors Alexander C. Allori, MD, MPH Michael R. Bykowski, MD, MS Assistant Professor of Surgery, Duke Cleft and Craniofacial Center, Resident, Integrated Plastic Surgery, Department of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina Nicole C. Cabbad, MD Craniofacial Plastic Surgeon, Department of Plastic Surgery, Yash J. Avashia, MD Nicklaus Children’s Hospital, Miami, Florida Resident, Duke Cleft and Craniofacial Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive, Maxillofacial and Philip Kuo-Ting Chen, MD Oral Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina Professor, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University; Director, Craniofacial Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Haithem M. Elhadi Babiker, MD, DMD, FACS, FAAP Taipei, Taiwan Assistant Professor of Plastic Surgery, University of Cincinnati Medical Center; Assistant Professor, Pediatric Plastic and Alexandra Condé-Green, MD, FICS Craniofacial Surgery, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Plastic Surgeon, Department of General Surgery, Division of Plastic Cincinnati, Ohio Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey Bahar Bassiri Gharb, MD, PhD Lily Daniali, MD Assistant Professor of Surgery, Department of Plastic Surgery, Plastic Surgeon, Burn and Reconstructive Centers of Colorado, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio Englewood, Colorado Stephen P. Beals, MD, FACS, FAAP Edward H. Davidson, MD Associate Professor, Department of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Resident, Integrated Plastic Surgery, Department of Plastic Surgery, Scottsdale, Arizona; Co-Medical Director, Barrow Cleft and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Craniofacial Center, St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona Erez Dayan, MD Clinical Fellow in Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Brittany Behar, MD Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Plastic Surgery Resident, Division of Plastic Surgery, Penn State Boston, Massachusetts Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania Brent R. DeGeorge, Jr., MD, PhD Colin Brady, MD Assistant Professor, Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pediatric Plastic and Craniofacial Surgeon, Department of Pediatric Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia Plastic Surgery, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia Arlen Denny, MD, FACS, FAAP Professor, Plastic Surgery and Neurosurgery, Department of John Brosious, MD Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Children’s Hospital, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Specialist, University of Nevada Milwaukee, Wisconsin School of Medicine, Division of Plastic Surgery, Las Vegas, Nevada Gaby D. Doumit, MD, MSc, FRCS(C), FACS Steven R. Buchman, MD, FACS Assistant Professor of Surgery, University of Montreal, Montreal, M. Haskell Newman Professor in Plastic Surgery, Professor of Quebec, Canada; Consultant, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Neurosurgery; Program Director, Craniofacial Surgery Fellowship, Ohio; Vice President of Education, American Society of Maxillofacial University of Michigan Medical School; Chief, Pediatric Plastic Surgery, Beverly, Massachusetts Surgery, C. S. Mott Children’s Hospital; Director, Craniofacial Anomalies Program, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan v Mesa-6707_Book_LowResVersion.indb 5 2019-02-04 10:24:52 PM vi Contributors Yao Duan, DDS Ibrahim Khansa, MD Resident and Fellow, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Clinical Instructor of Surgery (Fellow), Division of Plastic and Second Dental Center, Peking University School and Hospital of Maxillofacial Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Stomatology, Beijing, China Angeles, California John Girotto, MD, FACS, FAAP Richard E. Kirschner, MD, FACS, FAAP Attending Plastic Surgeon, Department of Pediatric Plastic Surgery, Section Chief, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Helen Devos Children’s Hospital, Grand Rapids, Michigan Nationwide Children’s Hospital; Senior Vice Chair, Department of Plastic Surgery, The Ohio State University Jesse Goldstein, MD Medical College, Columbus, Ohio Assistant Professor, Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Kristen A. Klement, MD Assistant Professor, Department of Plastic Surgery, Medical Arun K. Gosain, MD College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin Children’s Service Board Professor and Chief, Division of Pediatric Plastic Surgery, Lurie Children’s Hospital, Northwestern Feinberg Anand Kumar, MD, FACS, FAAP School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois Chairman, Residency Program; Director, Cleft and Craniofacial Center; Division Chief, Pediatric Plastic and Mark S. Granick, MD, FACS Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Department of Plastic and Professor of Surgery, Chief of Plastic Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Reconstructive Surgery; Dewayne Greenwood Richey II Medical School, Newark, New Jersey Endowed Professor of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Matthew R. Greives, MD, FACS Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio Assistant Professor of Pediatric Plastic Surgery, Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School at the University of Nicole M. Kurnik, MD Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, Texas Surgeon, Department of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona Ivo Gwanmesia, FRCS(Plast) Craniofacial Plastic Surgeon, London, United Kingdom Kant Y. Lin, MD, FACS Professor and Chief, Department of Plastic Surgery, Ronald R. Hathaway, DDS, MS, MS University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Professor of Pediatric Plastic Surgery, University of Cincinnati; Kentucky Professor and Director of Craniofacial and Surgical Orthodontics, Department of Pediatric Plastic Surgery, Cincinnati Children’s Yuan Liu, MD Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio Physician, Department of Plastic Surgery, Kaiser Permanente, San Marcos, California Robert J. Havlik, MD, FACS Chairman and George Korkos Professor of Plastic Surgery, Joseph E. Losee, MD, FACS, FAAP Department of Plastic Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Ross H. Musgrave Professor of Pediatric Plastic Surgery, Milwaukee, Wisconsin Executive Vice Chair, Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center; Division Chief, Ian M. Heger, MD, FAANS, FACS, FAAP Department of Pediatric Plastic Surgery, Pediatric Plastic Associate Professor, Department of Neurosurgery, Augusta Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of University/Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Stacy R. Henderson, MD Denver Lough, MD, PhD Chief Resident, Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, PolarityTE, Salt Lake Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania City, Utah Cathy Henry, MD Michael P. Lynch, MD Assistant Professor of Surgery and Pediatrics, Division of Plastic Plastic Surgeon, Private Practice, Plastic Surgeons of Surgery, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Lexington, Lexington, Kentucky Pennsylvania Donald R. Mackay, DDS, MD, FACS, FAAP Michael J. Ingargiola, MD William P. Graham III Professor of Plastic Surgery, Professor Resident, Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and of Surgery and Pediatrics; Vice Chair, Department of Surgery, Reconstructive Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York Penn State Milton S. Hershey College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania Mesa-6707_Book_LowResVersion.indb 6 2019-02-04 10:24:52 PM Contributors vii Jeffrey R. Marcus, MD, FACS, FAAP Russell R. Reid, MD, PhD Professor and Chief, Division of Plastic, Maxillofacial, and Oral Professor of Surgery, Bernard Sarnat Scholar of Craniofacial Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina Research, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois John Mesa, MD John Reinisch, MD Private Practice, New York, New York Professor, Department of Surgery, University of Southern California; Director of Craniofacial and Pediatric Plastic Surgery, Department of Karolina Mlynek, MD Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California Research Fellow, Department of Plastic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio Eduardo D. Rodriguez, MD, DDS Chair, Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic Surgery, Helen L. David E. Morris, MD, FACS Kimmel Professor of Reconstructive Plastic Surgery, NYU Langone Associate Professor, Division of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Health, New York, New York Cosmetic Surgery, University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System; Department of Plastic Surgery, Shriners Hospital for Thomas Samson, MD, FACS, FAAP Children–Chicago, Chicago, Illinois Assistant Professor of Surgery, Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatrics and Neurosurgery, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Delora L. Mount, MD, FACS, FAAP Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania Associate Professor, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin Michael Sosin, MD Resident, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hansjörg Wyss Sanjay Naran, MD Department of Plastic Surgery, Helen L. Kimmel Professor of Administrative Chief Resident, Department of Plastic Surgery, Reconstructive Plastic Surgery, NYU Langone Health, New York, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania New York Sami A. Nizam II, DMD, MD Walter M. Sweeney, MD Private Practice, Alabama Surgical Arts, Montgomery, Alabama Chief Resident in Plastic Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Pravin Patel, MD Illinois Chief of Craniofacial Surgery, Professor of Surgery, Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Cosmetic Surgery, Peter J. Taub, MD, FACS, FAAP University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois Program Director, Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York Frank A. Papay, MD, FACS, FAAP Professor, Department of Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Oren M. Tepper, MD Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio Director of Craniofacial Surgery and Aesthetic Surgery, Department of Plastic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein Phuong Pham, MD College of Medicine, New York, New York Physician, Sono Bella–Ontario, Ontario, California Mark Urata, MD, DDS, FACS, FAAP John W. Polley, MD Audrey Skirball Kenis Endowed Professor and Chief, Division of Attending Plastic Surgeon, Department of Pediatric Plastic Surgery Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of and Dermatology, Helen DeVos Children’s Hospital, Michigan State University of Southern California; Chair, Division of Oral and University, Grand Rapids, Michigan Maxillofacial Surgery, Ostrow School of Dentistry, USC; Division Head, Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery, Children’s Hospital Los Kavitha Ranganathan, MD Angeles, Los Angeles, California Resident, Department of Plastic Surgery, Michigan Medicine– University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan Leo Urbinelli, MD, MA Assistant Professor, Associate Program Director, Cleft and Imran Ratanshi, MD, MSc, FRCS(C) Craniofacial Unit, Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Clinical Fellow, Adult Craniomaxillofacial Reconstruction and Reconstructive Surgery, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Aesthetic Surgery; Assistant in Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Doernbecher Children’s Hospital, Portland, Oregon Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts John A. van Aalst, MD, MA, FACS, FAAP Professor and Chief of Pediatric Plastic and Craniofacial Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Professor of Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio Mesa-6707_Book_LowResVersion.indb 7 2019-02-04 10:24:52 PM viii Contributors Henry C. Vasconez, MD, FACS, FAAP Alan Yan, MD Professor of Surgery and Pediatrics, William S. Farish Endowed Fellow, Adult Reconstructive and Aesthetic Craniomaxillofacial Chair of Plastic Surgery, Chief of Plastic Surgery, University of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts Christian J. Vercler, MD, MA, FACS, FAAP Michael J. Yaremchuk, MD Assistant Professor of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chief of Craniofacial Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital; Clinical Professor of Surgery Harvard Medical School, Program Director, Plastic Surgery Dev Vibhakar, DO Residency Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts Plastic Surgeon, Aqua Plastic Surgery, Miami, Ft. Lauderdale, and Jupiter, Florida Jack C. Yu, DMD, MD, MS ED, FACS Milford B. Hatcher Professor and Chief of Section of Plastic Surgery, Angela G. Viers, MD Department of Surgery, Medical College of Georgia at Georgia Physician, Department of Neurosurgery, Augusta University Medical Regents University, Augusta, Georgia Center, Augusta, Georgia Jamie Zampell, MD Krishna S. Vyas, MD, PhD, MHS Assistant Professor, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Resident, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Ochsner Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota Linping Zhao, PhD Research Assistant Professor, Department of Surgery, Division of Stephen M. Warren, MD, FACS Plastic, Reconstructive and Cosmetic Surgery, University of Illinois Craniofacial Surgeon, Private Practice, New York, New York at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois Mesa-6707_Book_LowResVersion.indb 8 2019-02-04 10:24:52 PM