Atlas o f Em e rg e ncy Ne uro surg e ry TH_Ullman_FM.indd 1 3/24/15 9:50 PM TH_Ullman_FM.indd 2 3/24/15 9:50 PM Atlas o f Em e rg e ncy Ne uro surg e ry Jam ie S. Ullm an, MD, FAANS, FACS Associate Professor, Departm ent of Neurosurgery Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine Director of Neurotraum a North Shore University Hospital Manhasset, New York P.B. Raksin, MD, FAANS Assistant Professor, Departm ent of Neurosurgery Rush University Medical Center Director, Neurosurgery ICU Chief, Section Neurotraum a & Neurocritical Care John H. Stroger Jr Hospital of Cook Count y (form erly Cook County Hospital) Chicago, Illinois Medical Illustrator: Jennifer Pryll Thiem e New York · Stuttgart · Dehli · Rio de Janeiro TH_Ullman_FM.indd 3 3/24/15 9:50 PM Executive Editor: Timothy Hiscock Managing Editor: Elizabeth Palumbo Director, Editorial Services: Mary Jo Casey Editorial Assistant: Haley Paskalides Production Editor: Heidi Grauel International Production Director: Andreas Schabert Vice President, Editorial and E-Product Development: Vera Spillner International Marketing Director: Fiona Henderson International Sales Director: Louisa Turrell Director of Sales, North America: Mike Roseman Senior Vice President and Chief Operating O cer: Sarah Vanderbilt President: Brian D. Scanlan Printer: Asia Paci c O set Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Atlas of emergency neurosurgery / [edited by] Jamie Ullman, P.B. Raksin. p. ; cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-60406-368-4 — ISBN 978-1-60406-369-1 (eISBN) I. Ullman, Jamie, editor. II. Raksin, P. B. (Patricia B.), editor. [DNLM: 1. Emergencies—Atlases. 2. Neurosurgical Procedures—methods—Atlases. 3. Central Nervous System—surgery—Atlases. 4. Central Nervous System Diseases—surgery—Atlases. 5. Craniocerebral Trauma—surgery—Atlases. 6. Spinal Cord Injuries—surgery—Atlases. 7. Spinal Injuries—surgery—Atlases. WL 17] RD593 617.4’8—dc23 2015005194 © 2015 Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. Thieme Publishers New York 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001 USA, 1-800-782-3488 [email protected] Thieme Publishers Stuttgart Rüdigerstrasse 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany, +49 [0]711 8931 421 [email protected] Thieme Publishers Delhi A-12, Second Floor, Sector -2, NOIDA -201301, Uttar Pradesh, India, +91 120 45 566 00 [email protected] Thieme Publishers Rio de Janeiro, Thieme Publicações Ltda. Argentina Building 16th oor, Ala A, 228 Praia do Botafogo Rio de Janeiro 22250-040 Brazil, +55 21 3736-3631 Printed in China 5 4 3 2 1 ISBN 978-1-60406-368-4 Also available as an e-book: eISBN 978-1-60406-369-1 Important note: Medicine is an ever-changing science undergoing continual development. Research and clinical experience are continually expanding our knowledge, in particular our knowledge of proper treatment and drug therapy. Insofar as this book mentions any dosage or application, readers may rest assured that the authors, editors, and publishers have made every e ort to ensure that such references are in accordance with the state of knowledge at the time of production of the book. Nevertheless, this does not involve, imply, or express any guarantee or responsibility on the part of the publishers in respect to any dosage instructions and forms of applications stated in the book. 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TH_Ullman_FM.indd 4 3/24/15 9:50 PM Co nte nt s Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xi Acknowledgm ents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xii Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv I Cerebral Traum a and Stroke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Chapter 1: S urgery for Epidural and Subdural Hem atom as Shelly D. Tim m ons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Chapter 2: C hronic Subdural Hem atom as Branko Skovrlj, Jonathan Rasouli, A. Stewart Levy, P. B. Raksin, and Jam ie S. Ullm an . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16 Chapter 3: S urgery for Cerebral Contusions of the Frontal and Temporal Lobes, Including Lobar Resections Pal S. Randhawa and Craig Rabb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33 Chapter 4: D ecompressive Craniectomy for Intracranial Hypertension and Stroke, Including Bone Flap Storage in Abdom inal Fat Layer Roberto Rey-Dios and Dom enic P. Esposito . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53 Chapter 5: S urgery for Cerebellar Stroke and Suboccipital Traum a Faiz U. Ahm ad and Ross Bullock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73 Chapter 6: E levation of Depressed Skull Fractures Anand Veeravagu, Bowen Jiang, and Odette A. Harris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .90 Chapter 7: I nvasive Neurom onitoring Techniques Mathieu Laroche, Michael C. Huang, and Geo rey T. Manley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 Chapter 8: S urgical Debridem ent of Penetrating Injuries Roland A. Torres and P. B. Raksin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 Chapter 9: M anagem ent of Traum atic Neurovascular Injuries Boyd F. Richards and Mark R. Harrigan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 Chapter 10: Managem ent of Venous Sinus Injuries Laurence Davidson and Rocco A. Arm onda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 TH_Ullman_FM.indd 5 3/24/15 9:50 PM vi Contents II Spinal Em ergency Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 Chapter 11: A pplication of Closed Spinal Traction Nirit Weiss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170 Chapter 12: E m ergency Managem ent of Odontoid Fractures Sanjay Yadla, Benjam in M. Zussm an, and Jam es S. Harrop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 Chapter 13: C ervical Burst Fractures Teresa S. Purzner, Jam es G. Purzner, and Michael G. Fehlings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 Chapter 14: C ervical Facet Dislocation Daniel Resnick and Casey Madura . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214 Chapter 15: C lassi cation and Treatm ent of Thoracic Fractures Joseph Hsieh, Doniel Drazin, Michael Turner, Ali Shirzadi, Kee Kim , and J. Patrick Johnson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237 Chapter 16: T horacolum bar Fractures Michael Y. Wang and Brian Hood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266 Chapter 17: S pinal Epidural Compression Asha Iyer and Arthur Jenkins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286 Chapter 18: T reatm ent of Acute Cauda Equina Syndrom e Harel Deutsch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302 III Nontraum atic Em ergencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311 Chapter 19: R em oval of Spontaneous Intracerebral Hem orrhages Justin Mascitelli, Yakov Gologorsky, and Joshua Bederson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312 Chapter 20: S urgery for Acute Intracranial Infection P. B. Raksin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330 Chapter 21: V entricular Shunt Malfunction Sergey Abeshaus, Sam uel R. Brow d, and Richard G. Ellenbogen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349 Chapter 22: P ituitary Apoplexy Kalm on D. Post and Soriaya Motivala . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370 IV Em ergency Operations in Com bat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385 Chapter 23: C om bat Cranial Operations Leon E. Moores . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386 Chapter 24: C om bat-Associated Penetrating Spine Injury Corey M. Mossop, Christopher J. Neal, Michael K. Rosner, and Paul Klim o Jr. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398 V Reconstructive Surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411 Chapter 25: R eplacem ent of Cranial Bone Flap Jam ie S. Ullm an . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412 Chapter 26: T echniques of Alloplastic Cranioplasty Erin N. Kiehna and John A. Jane Jr. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424 Chapter 27: S urgery for Frontal Sinus Injuries Abilash Haridas and Peter J. Taub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444 TH_Ullman_FM.indd 6 3/24/15 9:50 PM Contents vii VI Special Considerations in Pediatric Em ergency Neurosurgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457 Chapter 28: Special Considerations in the Surgical Managem ent of Pediatric Traum atic Brain Injury Anthony Figaji and P. David Adelson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .458 Chapter 29: Special Considerations in Pediatric Cervical Spine Injury Paul Klim o Jr., Nelson Astur Neto, W illiam C. Warner Jr., and Michael S. Muhlbauer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .470 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491 TH_Ullman_FM.indd 7 3/24/15 9:50 PM Co ntinuing Me dical Educatio n Cre dit Info rm atio n and Obje ctive s Obje ctive s 1. Identify neurosurgical conditions which require emergent or urgent intervention 2. Evaluate the various options for managing spine trauma in the cervical, thoracic, and thoracolumbar regions. 3. Apply provided techniques when performing urgent interventions for the brain and spine 4. Recognize key issues of applying brain and spinal trauma surgical techniques to military and pediatric populations. Accre ditatio n and De sig natio n The AANS is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME) to provide continuing medical education for physicians. The AANS designates this enduring material for a maximum of 15 AMA PRA Category 1 creditsTM. Physicians should claim only the credits commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity. Method of physician participation in the learning process for this text book: The Home Study Examination is online on the AANS website at: http://www.aans.org/education/books/aonemergency.asp Estimated time to complete this activity varies by learner, and activity equaled up to 15 AMA PRA Category 1 creditsTM. Release and Termination Dates Original Release Date: 05/2/2015 CME Termination Date: 05/2/2018 viii TH_Ullman_FM.indd 8 3/24/15 9:50 PM