ASTROPHYSICAL JETS ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LIBRARY A SERIES OF BOOKS ON THE RECENT DEVELOPMENTS OF SPACE SCIENCE AND OF GENERAL GEOPHYSICS AND ASTROPHYSICS PUBLISHED IN CONNECTION WITH THE JOURNAL SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS Editorial Board J. E. BLAMONT, Laboratoire d 'Aeronomie, Verrieres, France R. L. F. BOYD, University College, London, England L. GOLDBERG, Kitt Peak National Observatory, Tucson, Ariz., U.S.A. C. DE JAGER, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands z. KOP AL, University ofM anchester, England G. H. LUDWIG, NOAA, Environmental Research Laboratories, Boulder, CO, U.S.A. R. LUST, President Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur F6rderung der Wissenschaften, Milnchen, F.R. G. B. M. McCORMAC, Lockheed Palo Alto Research Laboratory, Palo Alto, Calif, U.S.A. H. E. NEWELL, Alexandria, Va., U.S.A. L. I. SEDOV, Academy of Sciences of the U.S.S.R., Moscow, U.S.S.R. Z. ~VESTKA, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands VOLUME 103 PROCEEDINGS ASTROPHYSICAL JETS PROCEEDINGS OF AN INTERNA TIONAL WORKSHOP HELD IN TORINO, ITALY, OCTOBER 7-9, 1982 Edited by A. FERRARI University of Torino, Italy and A. G. PACHOLCZYK University of Arizona, TUcson, U.S.A. D. REIDEL PUBLISHING COMPANY A MEMBER OF THE KLUWER • ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS GROUP DORDRECHT/BOSTON/LANCASTER Ubrary of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Main entry under title: Astrophysical jets. (Astrophysics and space science library: v. 103) Includes index. 1. Astrophysical jets-Congresses. 2. Radio sources (astronomy)-Congresses. I. Ferrari, Attilio, 1941- . II. Pacholczyk, A. G., 1935- . III. Uni- versita di Torino. Istituto di Fisica Generale. IV. Istituto di Cosmo-geofisica (Italy). V. Series. QB466.J46.A78 1983 523 83-11116 ISBN-I3: 978-94-009-7188-2 e-ISBN-I3: 978-94-009-7186-8 DOl: 10.1007/978-94-009-7186-8 Published by D. Reidel Publishing Company, P.O. Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, Holland. Sold and distributed in the U.S.A. and Canada by Kluwer Academic Publishers, 190 Old Derby Street, Hingham, MA 02043, U.S.A. In all other countries, sold and distributed by Kluwer Academic Publishers Group, P.O. Box 322, 3300 AH Dordrecht, Holland. All Rights Reserved Copyright © 1983 by D. Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht, Holland Softcover reprint of the hardcover I st edition 1983 No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical including photocopying, recording or by any informational storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner TABLE o~ CONTENTS Introductory Remarks vii Scientific and Orp,anizing Committees ix Sponsoring Institutions x List of Participants xiii Scientific Foreword / A. Ferrari xv E. PREUSS / Small Scale Structure of Nonthermal Radio Sources I. lIT. A. BROWNE, M. CHARLESWHORTH, T. lIT. B. MUXLOh', A. TZANETAKIS and P.N. WILKINSON / Arc Second Structure of Compact Radio Sources 27 E.B. FOMALONT / A Summary of Properties of Radio Jets 37 R. \.J. PORCAS / Recent Observations of Superluminal Sources 47 R.J. DAVIS / The Jet in the Quaaar 3C273 51 D.J. SAIKIA and T.J. CORN\~LL / Three Archetypal Radio Jets 53 A.H. BRIDLE and R.A. PERLEY / Physical Properties of the Jet in NGC6251 57 J.O. BURNS / Bent Jets and Tailed Radio Galaxies 67 L. PADRIELLI and J.D. ROMNEY / Jet-Like Structures in Low Frequency Variable Sources 81 P.D. BARTHEL / Curvature in High Redshift Ouasars 91 W.A. SHERWOOD, E. KREYSA, H.-P. GEMDND and P. BIERMANN / Rapid Variability of 3C273 at 300 GHz 95 C. KOTANYI, E. HUMMEL and J. VAN GORKOM / Are There Jets in Spiral Galaxies? 97 G. MILEY / Optical Emission from Jets 99 J.-L. NIETO / Astrophysical Jets: Optical Morphologies of Radio Jets and Their Parent Galaxies 113 J. DANZIGER, R.D. EKERS, R.A.E. FOSBURY, H.M. COSS and P.A. SHAVER / PKS 0521-36, a BL Lac Object with an Optical and Radio Jet 131 H. SOL / CCD - Observations of Optical Jets and Extensions in Galaxies 135 vi TABLE OF CONTENTS F. BERTOLA and N.A. SHARP / The Jet in NGC3310 143 J. BRODIE, A. KONIGL and S. BOHYER / The Discovery of Optical Emission Knots in the Inner Jet of Centaurus A 145 K.J. FRICKE, lv. KOLLATSCHNY and H. SCHLEICHER / Extranuclear Activity in Mkn 335 149 R.T. SCHILIZZI, J.D. ROMNEY, R.E. SPENCER and I. FEJES / Jets in SS433 157 S.R. BONSIGNORI-FACONDI / Rapid Radio-Variability at 408 MHz in SS433 161 E.D. FEIGELSON / X-Rays from Jets and Lobes 165 P. BIERMANN / X-Ray Jets in BL Lac Objects? 173 U.G. BRIEL, M. ELVIS and J.P. HENRY / Extended Soft X-Ray Emission from NGC 4151 183 M. CALVANI and L. NOBILl/Jets from Supercritical Accretion Disks 189 E.S. PHINNEY / Black Hole-Driven Hydroma~netic Flows. Flywheels vs. Fuel. 201 M.C. BEGEU1AN and N.J. REES / Supercritical Jets from a "Cauldron" 215 M.L. NORMAN, K.-H.A. WINKLER and L. SMARR / Propagation and Morphology of Pressure-Confined Supersonic Jets 227 R. FANTI / Determination of Jet Physical Parameters from Observations 253 G. BENFORD / Jets, Magnetic Fields and the Central Engine 271 E. TRUSSONI, A. FERRARI and L. ZANINETTI / Higgles and Knots in Radio Jets 281 A.G. PACHOLCZYK / Reflection Jets and Collimation of Radio Sources 291 M. NEPVEU / Instabilities in Astrophyical Jets 303 L. ZANINETTI and E. TRUSSONI / MHD Kelvin-Helmholtz Instabilities and Large Scale Phenomena in Jets 309 G.C. PEROLA and A. FERRARI/Concluding Remarks: A Progress Report on Our Understanding of Jets 315 SUBJECT INDEX 321 OBJECT INDEX 325 INTRODUCTORY REMARKS The idea of organizing a meeting on Extragalactic Jets originated at the time of the Albuquerque IAU Symposium on Extragalactic Radio Sources, when the presentation of the new high-resolution maps obtained at the Very Large Array made everybody confident that we were close to having a statistically significant sample of jets which would allow discussion of morphologies and physical parameters on a general, comprehensive basis. In Albuquerque most of the time was more inclined to discuss observations of jets and to test the validity of data reduction, rather than to fit those data into theoretical models. This was the right thing to do at the time, but a rich collection of possible interpretations were soon put forward so that theoretical predictions had to be discussed. We concluded, therefore, that a short interpretation-oriented meeting could be held. Our small group· of theorists here in Torino decided to promote such a meeting, with the additional aim of fostering the scientific activity of our university. We were glad to have the enthusiastic support of Andrzej Pacholczyk who worked at Torino many years ago prior to moving to the United States. The response of the scientific community was very good, as witnessed by the long list of participants who came from allover the world. We were very glad to host them in our town in which is located the Istituto di Fisica, dedicated to Amedeo Avogadro, an illustrious representative of modern science, and professor at our University during the years 1820-1850. We are convinced that the discussions which took place during the two days of meetings complemented the scientific tradition of the old School. There were 90 participants from 9 countries, and 35 papers were delivered (19 invited talks and 16 contributions). They are presented in these Proceedings; we are sure they will be useful to the astronomical community. In order to give the reader a feeling of the lively discussions that took place, we also tried to include the questions the speakers felt would clarify their talks. In addition to the scientific. efforts, Torino also sought to extend a warm welcome to the participants. In particular, a visit was organized to the Mount Blanc Laboratory of the Istituto di Cosmo-geofisica of the Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; the scientific visit was preceded by an excursion to the top of the Mount vii A. Ferrari and A. G. Pacholczyk (eds.), Astrophysical Jets, vii-viii. Copyright © 1983 by D. Reidel Publishing Company. viii INTRODUCTORY REMARKS Blanc by cableway. Those participants who could come enjoyed some cold but beautiful sightseeing, as illustrated in the group photograph. In conclusion, we would like to personally express our deep appreciation to all who contributed to the demanding organization of the meeting. We thank the Local Committee, with Lorenzo Zaninetti, Lucia Bonafini, Silvano Massaglia, and above all, Mrs. Maria Luisa Agostini Marchese, who provided the most dedicated collaboration in' looking after the accomodations for the visitors and preparing programs, lunches, transportation, etc. The Cassa di Risparmio di Torino continued its generous program in support of cultural events of the town, offering for our use the Centro Incontri, the theatre where the meeting was held. The Aeritalia, renowned for its participation in the space programs of the Shuttle, gladly sponsored our meeting in support of the scientific initiative. The Citta di Torino offered hospitality as well as specific support for the editing of these Proceedings. Support was also provided by the Istituto Bancario San Paolo and by the Istituto di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino. Finally, we once again extend our sincere thanks to all participants who contributed to the success of this initiative by their lively interest and discussions, and with their kind acceptance of any inconveniences which may have been related to organization. We also thank the members of the Scientific Committee whose advice was very helpful in selecting the topics to be discussed. Attilio Ferrari Andrzej G. Pacholczyk The Workshop was organized by: Istituto di Fisica Generale, Universita di Torino Istituto di Cosmo-geofisica del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Torino Sponsoring organizations were: Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova Istituto di Radioastronomia del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bologna Societa Astronomica Italiana Societa Italiana di Fisica Aeritalia, Societa Aerospaziale Italiana Cassa di Risparmio di Torino Istituto Bancario San Paolo di Torino Assessorato al Turismo della Citta di Torino Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino x SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE Attilio FERRARI Torino (Chairman) Francesco BERTOLA Padova Massimo CALVANI Padova Massimo CAPACCIOLl Padova Roberto FANTI Bologna Alberto MASANI Torino Luciano NOBILl Pad ova Giancarlo SETTI Bologna Edoardo TRUSSONI Torino LOCAL ORGANIZING COMMITTEE Lorenzo Zaninetti (Secretary) Maria Luisa Agostini Marchese Lucia Bonafini Silvano Massaglia ix