NEALT Northern European Association for Language Technology NEALT Proceedings Series Vol. 29 Proceedings of the 21st Nordic Conference on Computational Linguistics 22-24 MAY 2017 GOTHENBURG SWEDEN CONFERENCE CENTRE WALLENBERG Editor: Jörg Tiedemann NoDaLiDa 2017 21st Nordic Conference of Computational Linguistics Proceedings of the Conference 23 – 24 May 2017 Wallenberg Conference Center Gothenburg, Sweden Coverphoto: KjellHolmner/Go¨teborg&Co c 2017Linko¨pingUniversityElectronicPress (cid:13) Theproceedingsarepublishedby: Linko¨pingUniversityElectronicPress LinkpingElectronicConferenceProceedingsNo. 131 http://www.ep.liu.se/ecp/contents.asp?issue=131 ACLAnthology http://aclweb.org/anthology/W/W17/#0200 ISSN:1650-3686 eISSN:1650-3740 ISBN:978-91-7685-601-7 iii iv Introduction On behalf of the program committee, I am pleased to welcome you to the 21st Nordic Conference on ComputationalLinguistics(NoDaLiDa2017),heldattheWallenbergConferenceCenterinthebeautiful city of Gothenburg in Sweden, on May 22–24, 2017. The proceedings are published as part of the NEALT Proceedings Series by Linko¨ping University Electronic Press and they will also be available from the ACL Anthology together with the proceedings of the co-located workshops. The NoDaLiDa conferencehasbeenorganizedbi-annuallysince1977andreturnstothisanniversaryeventafter40years back to Gothenburg, where it started as a friendly gathering to discuss on-going research in the field ofcomputationallinguisticsintheNordiccountries. TheNorthernEuropeanAssociationforLanguage Technology (NEALT) was founded later in 2006, which is now responsible for organizing NoDaLiDa amongothereventsintheNordiccountries,theBalticstatesandNorthwestRussia. Sincetheearlydays, NoDaLiDa has grown into a recognized international conference and the tradition continues with the programofthisyear’sconference. ItisagreathonorformetoserveasthegeneralchairofNoDaLiDa 2017andIamgratefulforallthesupportduringtheprogress. Before diving deeper into the acknowledgements, please, let me first briefly introduce the setup of the conference. Similar to the last edition, we included different paper categories to be presented: Regular longpapers,studentpapers,shortpapersandsystemdemonstrationpapers. Regularpapersarepresented orally during the conference and short papers received a slot in one of the two poster sessions. System demonstrations are given at the same time as the posters. We selected two student papers for an oral presentationandthreestudentpapersforposterpresentations. Intotal, wereceived78submissionsand accepted49. Thesubmissionsincluded32regularpapers(21accepted,65.6%acceptancerate),8student papers(5accepted,62.5%acceptancerate),27shortpapers(12accepted,44.4%acceptancerate)and11 systemdemonstrationpapers(whichweacceptedall). In addition to the submitted papers, NoDaLiDa 2017 also features invited keynote speakers – three distinguished international researchers: Kyunghyun Cho from New York University, Sharon Goldwater from the University of Edinburgh and Rada Mihalcea from the University of Michigan. We are excited abouttheircontributionsandgratefulfortheirparticipationintheconference. Furthermore, four workshops are connected to NoDaLiDa 2017: The First Workshop on Universal Dependencies (UDW 2017), the Joint 6th Workshop on NLP for CALL and 2nd Workshop on NLP for Research on Language Acquisition (NLP4CALL & LA), the Workshop on Processing Historical LanguageandtheWorkshoponConstraintGrammar-Methods,Tools,andApplications. Wewouldlike to thank the workshop organizers for their efforts in making these events happen enriching the whole conferenceanditsscientificcoverage. Finally, I would also like to thank the entire team behind the conference. Organizing such an event is a complex process and would not be possible without the help of many people. I would like to thank all membersoftheprogramcommittee,especiallyBea´taMegyesiforasmoothtransitionfromtheprevious NoDaLiDa and all her valuable input coming from the organization of that event, Inguna Skadin¸a for taking care of the submission system EasyChair, Lilja Øvrelid for the publicity and calls that we need to send out. My greatest relieve from organisational pain came from the professional local committee in Gothenburg. It is a pleasure to work together with their team and without the hard work of the local organizers we could not run the event in any way. Thank you very much and especially thanks to Nina Tahmasebi for leading the local team. All names are properly listed below and I am grateful to all of youandyourefforts. Iwouldalsoliketoacknowledgethelargenumberofreviewersandsub-reviewers for their assessment of the submissions, NEALT for backing up the conference, Linko¨ping University PressforpublishingtheproceedingsaswellaspeoplebehindtheACLAnthologyforofferingthespace forstoringourpublications. And,lastbutnotleast,Iwouldalsothankoursponsorsforallthefinancial v support,whichreallyhelpedustoorganizeapleasantandaffordablemeeting. With all of these acknowledgments, and with my apologies for forgetting to mention many names that should be listed here, I would like to wish you all, once again, a fruitful conference and a nice stay in Gothenburg. AndIwishyoualotofpleasurewithreadingthecontributionsinthisvolumeespeciallyif you,forwhateverreason,happentoreadthiswelcomeaddressaftertheconferencehasalreadyended. Jo¨rgTiedemann(generalchairofNoDaLiDa2017) Welcome Message by the Local Organizers 40 years ago, the first NoDaLiDa conference took place here in Gothenburg, arranged by what is now Spra˚kbanken, the Swedish Language Bank. The aim of the conference was to bring together researchersfromthefiveNordiccountriestodiscussallaspectsoflanguagetechnology. Experiencesand results with respect to the Nordic languages would benefit from being shared, compared and discussed. The community has grown and expanded since; today, NoDaLiDa brings together researchers and practitionersfrom23countriesandadiversefieldofstudies. Thefirstmeetingattractedover60people and the current installment has more than doubled that amount. Though the field has developed, many of the topics raised in 1977 are still highly relevant and interesting today. For example, the creation of lexicalresources,sensedisambiguationandsyntacticanalysis,andanalysisoflargeamountsoftext. To celebratethe40thanniversaryofNoDaLiDa,wearehappytowelcomeyoubacktoGothenburgandthis 21steditionoftheconference. WehopethatGothenburgwillshowitsmostbeautifulside,offeringyou sunshine,vastviewsoftheseaandgoodfood. Wehopethatyouwillenjoyinterestingtalks,postersand workshopsduringthesethreedaysofNoDaLiDa,whichwillprovideinspirationinthe40yearstocome. Welcome! NinaTahmasebi YvonneAdesam MartinKasa˚ onbehalfofthelocalorganizers vi GeneralChair: JörgTiedemann,UniversityofHelsinki,Finland ProgramCommittee: JónGuðnason,ReykjavikUniversity,Iceland BeátaMegyesi,UppsalaUniversity,Sweden KadriMuischnek,UniversityofTartu,Estonia IngunaSkadin¸a,UniversityofLatvia,Latvia AndersSøgaard,UniversityofCopenhagen,Denmark AndriusUtka,VytautasMagnusUniversity,Lithuania LiljaØvrelid,UniversityofOslo,Norway OrganizingCommittee: NinaTahmasebi(chair),UniversityofGothenburg,Sweden YvonneAdesam(co-chair),UniversityofGothenburg,Sweden MartinKaså(co-chair),UniversityofGothenburg,Sweden SvenLindström(publicationchair),UniversityofGothenburg,Sweden ElenaVolodina(sponsorchair),UniversityofGothenburg,Sweden LarsBorin,UniversityofGothenburg,Sweden DanaDannélls,UniversityofGothenburg,Sweden IldikóPilán,UniversityofGothenburg,Sweden InvitedSpeaker: RadaMihalcea,UniversityofMichigan KyunghyunCho,NewYorkUniversity SharonGoldwater,UniversityofEdinburgh vii Reviewers: LarsAhrenberg,LinköpingUniversity TanelAlumäe,TallinnUniversityofTechnology IsabelleAugenstein,UniversityCollegeLondon IlzeAuzin¸a,UniversityofLatvia JoachimBingel,UniversityofCopenhagen JohannesBjerva,UniversityofGroningen BerndBohnet,Google ChloéBraud,UniversityofCopenhagen LinChen,UIC KoenraadDeSmedt,UniversityofBergen RodolfoDelmonte,Universita’Ca’Foscari LeonDerczynski,UniversityofSheffield JensEdlund,RoyalTechnicalInstitute(KTH),Stockholm MurhafFares,UniversityofOslo BjörnGambäck,NorwegianUniversityofScienceandTechnology FilipGinter,UniversityofTurku Gintare˙ Grigonyte˙,UniversityofStockholm NormundsGru¯z¯ıtis,UniversityofLatvia AngelinaIvanova,UniversityofOslo RichardJohansson,UniversityofGothenburg SofieJohansson,Institutionenförsvenskaspråket ArneJönsson,LinöpingUniversity Heiki-JaanKaalep,UniversityofTartu JussiKarlgren,Gavagai&KTHStockholm SigridKlerke,UniversityofCopenhagen MareKoit,UniversityofTartu AndreyKutuzov,UniversityofOslo OphélieLacroix,UniversityofCopenhagen EmanueleLapponi,UniversityofOslo KristerLindén,UniversityofHelsinki PierreLison,NorwegianComputingCenter KailiMüürisep,UniversityofTartu CostanzaNavarretta,UniversityofCopenhagen JoakimNivre,UppsalaUniversity PierreNugues,LundUniversity StephanOepen,UniversitetetiOslo HeiliOrav,UniversityofTartu PatriziaPaggio,UniversityofCopenhagen EvaPettersson,UppsalaUniversity Ma¯rcisPinnis,Tilde TommiPirinen,UniversitätHamburg FabioRinaldi,IFI,UniversityofZurich EiríkurRögnvaldsson,UniversityofIceland MarinaSantini,SICSEastICT KairitSirts,TallinnUniversityofTechnology RaivisSkadin¸š,Tilde SaraStymne,UppsalaUniversity TorbjørnSvendsen,NorwegianUniversityofScienceandTechnology AndriusUtka,VytautasMagnusUniversity ErikVelldal,UniversityofOslo viii SumithraVelupillai,KTHRoyalInstituteofTechnology,Stockholm MartinVolk,UniversityofZurich JürgenWedekind,UniversityofCopenhagen MatsWirén,StockholmUniversity RomanYangarber,UniversityofHelsinki GustafÖqvistSeimyr,KarolinskaInstitutet RobertÖstling,StockholmUniversity AdditionalReviewers: Amrhein,Chantal Fahlborg,Daniel Klang,Marcus Mascarell,Laura Mitchell,Jeff Pretkalnin¸a,Lauma Vare,Kadri Waseem,Zeerak ix