Assessment and characterization of airborne dust in coal surface mine Prashant Kumar Aswini Kumar Padhi Department of Mining Engineering National Institute of Technology Rourkela i ASSESSMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION OF AIRBORNE DUST IN COAL SURFACE MINE A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY in MINING ENGINEERING By PRASHANT KUMAR 112MN0435 ASWINI KUMAR PADHI 112MN0439 May 2016 DEPARMENT OF MINING ENGINEERING NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ROURKELA-769008 ii ASSESSMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION OF AIRBORNE DUST IN COAL SURFACE MINE A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY in MINING ENGINEERING By PRASHANT KUMAR 112MN0435 ASWINI KUMAR PADHI 112MN0439 UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF MR. VIVEK KUMAR HIMANSHU May 2016 DEPARMENT OF MINING ENGINEERING NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ROURKELA-769008 iii Department of Mining Engineering National Institute of Technology Rourkela Mr. Vivek Kumar Himanshu May 2016 Assistant Professor SUPERVISOR’S CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the thesis entitled, “Assessment and characterization of airborne dust in coal surface mine” submitted by Mr. Prashant Kumar, 112MN0435 and Mr. Aswini Kumar Padhi, 112MN0439, in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of Bachelor of Technology Degree in Mining Engineering at the National Institute of Technology, Rourkela (Deemed University) is an authentic work carried out by him under my supervision and guidance. To the best of my knowledge, the matter embodied in the thesis has not been submitted to any university/Institute for the award of any Degree or Diploma. Mr. Vivek Kumar Himanshu Assistant Professor Department of Mining Engineering National Institute of Technology Rourkela 769008 Date: iv Dedication I dedicated my work to my family, friends and best wishers Signature v Declaration of Originality We hereby declare that this thesis entitled Assessment and characterization of airborne dust in coal surface mine presents our original work carried out as an undergraduate student of NIT Rourkela and, to the best of our knowledge, contains no material previously published or written by another person, nor any material presented by us for the award of any degree or diploma of NIT Rourkela or any other institution. Any contribution made to this research by others, with whom we have worked at NIT Rourkela or elsewhere, is explicitly acknowledged in the thesis. Works of other authors cited in this dissertation have been duly acknowledged under the sections “Reference” or “Bibliography”. We have also submitted our original research records to the scrutiny committee for evaluation of our thesis. We are fully aware that in case of any non-compliance detected in future, the Senate of NIT Rourkela may withdraw the degree awarded to me on the basis of the present thesis. May, 2016 Prashant Kumar NIT Rourkela 112MN0435 Aswini Kumar Padhi 112MN0439 vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We are highly indebted to our project guide Mr. Vivek Kumar Himanshu, Assistant professor of Department of Mining Engineering for allowing us to carry on the present topic “Assessment and characterization of airborne dust in coal surface mine” and for his inspiring guidance, constructive criticisms and valuable directions throughout this project work. We are very much thankful to him for his painstaking effort in improving our understanding of this project. We would like to thank Mr. Nikhil Prakash, Scientist at Indian space research organization, for their guidance during this project work. We would like to thank Mr. Prasant Kumar Mishra, Mr. A.K. Panda and other officials of MCL for extending me the necessary support during field monitoring. We express my sincere gratitude to Dr. H. B. Sahu, Associate Professor for their valuable support during the project work. We am thankful to Mr. Tushar Ranjan Dash, Ph.D. scholar, Department of Mining Engineering, for his support in compiling the project work in a proper form. We are also feel privileged to have a good friend circle and thank them for extending all sorts of support for the successful completion of the project. Prashant Kumar 112MN0435 Aswini Kumar Padhi 112MN0439 vii ABSTRACT Now a day’s dust pollution is the major environmental issue inside an opencast mine, which has various effects on human life. There are a number of fugitive sources, and activities which cause dust pollution inside an opencast mine e.g. Drilling, transportation, blasting, crushing, conveying, overburden face, haul road etc. Among these dust, there are some toxic and carcinogenic dust which are when exposed to the workers that lead to different serious health effects like silicosis and lungs cancer. So measurement of these dust concentration is necessary to know the impact of various mining activity on the surrounding environment. From the above view, this current project mainly focuses on the dust sampling by using high volume dust sampler i.e. Envirotech APM 460 NL and Envirotech APM 550, measuring the personal dust exposure of different workmen at different mining sites by using Personal Dust Sampler (Model Arelco Ineris CIP 10), and characterization of the dust collected from the filter paper by using FTIR (Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectroscopy). For this purpose Lajkura Opencast Project was chosen which produces 30 MT of coal per year for convenience, because as it is a large opencast mine so better knowledge can be gained from this mine regarding the concentration and effects of the dust. The dust sampling and monitoring was conducted during the month of March 2016 to get a good assess of dust. From the measurement through Envirotech APM 460NL the dust concentration was found out to be 1074µg/m3 and 984 µg/m3, and through Envirotech APM 550 dust concentration is found out to be 196 µg/m3. Personal dust exposure is also measured and the measured concentration was found to vary between 0.8mg/m3 to 1.3 mg/m3. From the characterization of the dust sample the compound that we found are Silica, Sulphates, Sulfoxide, and Carboxylates etc. Keywords: Dust, APM, FTIR, exposure viii CONTENTS Sl.NO. CHAPTERS Page no. * Supervisor’ Certificate iv * Dedication v * Declaration of Originality vi * Acknowledgement vii * Abstract viii * List of figures x * List of tables x * List of abbreviations xi 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Objective 3 1.2 Methodology Adopted 4 2. Literature Review 5 3. Air sampling techniques 13 3.1 Basic methods of sampling 14 3.2 Gravimetric sampling 15 3.2.1 PM and PM samplers of High Volume type 15 10 2.5 3.2.2 Personal samplers for PM and PM particulate 16 2.5 10 matter sampling 3.3 Methods of air sampling and analysis 18 3.3.1 Guidelines for sampling and analysis for PM 18 10 3.3.2 Guidelines for sampling and analysis for PM2.5 20 4. Health effects due to airborne dust in coal surface 23 mine 4.1 Physiological effects of mineral dust 24 5. Assessment and characterization of airborne dust 29 5.1 Study area: Lajkura opencast project 30 5.2 Dust monitoring 33 5.3 Personal dust exposure sampling 37 5.4 Dust characterization 38 6. Result and Discussion 40 6.1 Results from dust monitoring 41 6.2 Result from personal dust sampler 42 6.3 Results from characterization of dust 43 7. Conclusion 44 8. References 46 ix List of tables SL.NO. Contents Page No. 3.1 Standard for existing coal mine by NAAQS for PM10 18 3.2 Standards for PM2.5 by NAAQS 21 5.1 Details parameter of the mine 31 5.2 Concentration of dust measured by envirotech APM 460 NL 34 5.3 Concentration of dust measured by envirotech APM 550 35 5.4 Personal dust exposure measured at different mining 37 operation sites 6.1 Standards for FTIR analysis 43 List of figures Sl.NO. Contents Page. No. 1.1 Methodology adopted 4 3.1 Envirotech APM 460 NL 17 3.2 Schematic PM10 sampler 19 4.1 Human respiratory system 26 5.1 Satellite view of LOCP 31 5.2 Extraction of coal by surface miner 34 5.3 Dust sampler installed at mines manager’s office 34 5.4 Dust sampler installed at time keeper’s office 35 5.5 Characteristics graph for dust collected from PM10(1) 38 sampler 5.6 Characteristics graph for dust collected from PM10(2) 39 sampler 5.7 Characteristics graph for dust collected from PM2.5 sampler 39 6.1 Comparison of dust concentration at both locations of LOCP 42 6.2 Comparison of personal dust exposure at different mining 43 operations sites x