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Ignorance of the law shall not excuse noncompliance and it is the responsibility of the citizens to inform themselves as to the laws that are enacted in the United States of America and in the states and cities contained therein. ± « Safety Standard for Pressure Vessels for Human Occupancy AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Copyright © 2007 by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. ~ No reproduction may be made of this material without written consent of ASME. ~ Safety Standard for Pressure Vessels for Human Occupancy AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Copyright © 2007 by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. ~ No reproduction may be made of this material without written consent of ASME. ~ Date of Issuance: November 16, 2007 The next edition of this Standard is scheduled for publication in 2010. There will be no addenda issued to this edition. ASME issues written replies to inquiries concerning interpretations of technical aspects of this Standard. Once approved, interpretations are published on the ASME Web site under the Committee Pages at http://cstools.asme.org and are subsequently published in the next edition of this Standard. Users of this Standard are advised to check the ASME PVHO Committee Web page periodically for interpretations, errata, and cases. ASME is the registered trademark of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers. This code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for American National Standards. The Standards Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced to assure that individuals from competent and concerned interests have had an opportunity to partiCipate. The proposed code or standard was made available for public review and comment that provides an opportunity for additional public input from industry, academia, regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large. 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No part of this document may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. The American Society of Mechanical Engineers Three Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990 Copyright © 2007 by THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS All rights reserved Printed in U.s.A. Copyright © 2007 by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. ~ £ S No reproduction may be made of this material without written consent of ASME. m ~ CONTENTS Foreword ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii Committee Roster ..................................................................... viii Correspondence With the PVHO Committee..................................... ....... x In Memoriam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XlI Summary of Changes .................................................................. xiii Section 1 General Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1-1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1-2 Scope..................................................................... 1 1-3 Exclusions ................................................................ 1 1-4 User Requirements ........................................................ 1 1-5 Manufacturer's Data Report ............................................... 1 1-6 Materials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1-7 Design and Fabrication Requirements.. .... . .. . .... ... ... . . .. .. .... . . .. . . .. 2 1-8 Pressure Relief Devices .................................................... 8 1-9 Marking .................................................................. 8 1-10 Nonmetallic Materials and Toxicity Offgas Testing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 1-11 Risk Analysis ............................................................. 10 Section 2 Viewports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 2-1 General............................................................ ....... 16 2-2 Design............................................................. ....... 16 2-3 Ma terial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 2-4 Fabrication ......................................................... . . . . . . . 29 2-5 Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 2-6 Marking .................................................................. 31 2-7 Pressure Testing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 2-8 Installation of Windows in Chambers ......... , ....... " ............... " . . 32 2-9 Repair of Damaged Windows Prior to Being Placed in Service .............. 33 2-10 Guidelines for Application of the Requirements of Section 2 ................ 34 Section 3 Quality Assurance for PVHO Manufacturers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 3-1 General................................................................... 84 3-2 Responsibilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 Section 4 Piping Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 4-1 General................................................................... 85 4-2 Material Requirements .................................................... 86 4-3 Design of Components .................................................... 87 4-4 Selection and Limitations of Piping Components ........................... 88 4-5 Selection and Limitation of Piping Joints. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 4-6 Supports .................................................................. 90 4-7 Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 4-8 Testing............................................................ ........ 90 4-9 Systems .................................. '" . .. . ........ ..... ..... .. . .. ... 91 Section 5 Medical Hyperbaric Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 5-1 General................................................................... 99 5-2 PVHO System Design..................................................... 99 5-3 Gas Systems .............................................................. 99 5-4 Control Systems and Instrumentation ...................................... 100 5-5 Environmental Systems .... " ............................... " ........ , .... 100 iii Copyright © 2007 by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. No reproduction may be made of this material without written consent of ASME. Section 6 Diving Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 101 6-1 General ................................................................... 101 6-2 Design.................................................................... 102 6-3 Pressure Boundary ........................................................ 103 Section 7 Submersibles ............... , .......... '" ................... '" ., ... ... . . .. 105 7-1 General ................................................................... 105 7-2 Pressure Boundary ........................................................ 106 7-3 Piping .................................................................... 107 7-4 Electrical Systems ......................................................... 107 7-5 Life Support .............................................................. 108 7-6 Fire Protection ............................................................ 109 7-7 Navigation ................................................................ 109 7-8 Communications .......................................................... 110 7-9 Instrumentation ........................................................... 110 7-10 Buoyancy, Stability, Emergency Ascent, and Entanglement. . .. ... . .. .. . . . . .. 110 7-11 Emergency Equipment .................................................... 111 Figures 1-7.13.1-1 Geometry of Cylinders .................................................... 11 1-7.13.1-2 Stiffener Geometry ........................................................ 11 1-7.13.1-3 Sections Through Rings ................................................... 12 1-7.13.5 Values of tiRo and LclRo .................................................. 12 1-9(b)-1 Form of Nameplate, U.S. Customary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 1-9(b)-2 Form of Nameplate, Metric ............... , " .......................... , . .. 13 2-2.2.1-1 Standard Window Geometries ............................................. 37 2-2.2.1-2 Standard Window Geometries 38 2-2.2.1-3 Standard Window Geometries 39 2-2.2.1-4 Standard Window Geometries 40 2-2.5.1-1 Short-Term Critical Pressure of Flat Disk Acrylic Windows ................ . 41 2-2.5.1-2 Short-Term Critical Pressure of Flat Disk Acrylic Windows ................ . 42 2-2.5.1-3 Short-Term Critical Pressure of Flat Disk Acrylic Windows ................ . 43 2-2.5.1-4 Short-Term Critical Pressure of Conical Frustum Acrylic Windows ......... . 44 2-2.5.1-5 Short-Term Critical Pressure of Conical Frustum Acrylic Windows ......... . 45 2-2.5.1-6 Short-Term Critical Pressure of Spherical Sector Acrylic Windows .......... . 46 2-2.5.1-7 Short-Term Critical Pressure of Spherical Sector Acrylic Windows .......... . 47 2-2.5.1-8 Short-Term Critical Pressure of Cylindrical Acrylic Windows Pressurized Internally .............................................................. . 48 2-2.5.1-9 Short-Term Critical Pressure of Cylindrical Acrylic Windows Pressurized Internally .............................................................. . 49 2-2.5.1-10 Short-Term Critical Pressure of Cylindrical Acrylic Windows Pressurized Externally ............................................................. . 50 2-2.5.1-11 Short-Term Elastic Buckling of Cylindrical Acrylic Windows Between Supports Under External Hydrostatic Pressure .......................... . 51 2-2.5.1-12 Short-Term Elastic Buckling of Cylindrical Acrylic Windows Between Supports Under External Hydrostatic Pressure ................ , ......... . 52 2-2.5.1-13 Short-Term Elastic Buckling of Cylindrical Acrylic Windows Between Supports Under External Hydrostatic Pressure ........ , ................. . 53 2-2.5.1-14 Short-Term Critical Pressure of Hyperhemispherical and NEMO Type Acrylic Windows ..................................................... '" 54 2-2.5.1-15 Short-Term Critical Pressure of Hyperhemispherical and NEMO Type Acrylic Windows ....................................................... . 55 2-2.10.1-1 Seat Cavity Requirements - Conical Frustum Window, Spherical Sector Window With Conical Edge, and Flat Disk Window ..................... . 56 2-2.10.1-2 Seat Cavity Requirements - Double Beveled Disk Window ................ . 57 2-2.10.1-3 Seat Cavity Requirements - Spherical Sector Window With Square Edge ........................................................... . 58 iv Copyright © 2007 by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. ~ No reproduction may be made of this material without written consent of ASME. ~ 2-2.10.1-4 Seat Cavity Requirements - Hemispherical Window With Equa torial Flange ...................................................... . 59 2-2.10.1-5 Seat Cavity Requirements - Cylindrical Window ................. '" ...... . 60 2-2.10.1-6 Seat Cavity Requirements - Hyperhemispherical Window ................. . 61 2-2.10.1-7 Seat Cavity Requirements - NEMO Window (Standard Seat) .............. . 62 2-2.10.1-8 Seat Cavity Requirements - NEMO Window (Seat With Extended Cyclic Fatigue Life) ........................................................... . 63 2-2.11.10-1 Bevels on Window Edges - Flat Disk Windows, Conical Frustum Windows, Spherical Sector Windows, Hyperhemispheres ................ . 64 2-2.11.10-2 Bevels on Window Edges - Flanged Hemispherical Window, Spherical Sector Window With Square Edge, External Pressure and Internal Pressure of Cylindrical Windows ....................................... . 65 2-2.14.11-1 Dimensional Tolerances for Penetrations in Acrylic Windows .............. . 66 2-2.14.15-1 Dimensional Tolerances for Inserts in Acrylic Windows ........... '" ...... . 67 2-2.14.16-1 Typical Shapes of Inserts ................................................. . 68 2-2.14.22-1 Seal Configurations for Inserts in Acrylic Windows ........................ . 69 2-2.14.24-1 Restraints for Inserts in Acrylic Windows ................................. . 70 4-9.14 Flow Diagram of Apparatus for Measuring the Concentration of Hydrocarbons in a Stream of Air or Other Gas After It Has Passed Through a Test Hose ................................................... . 97 Tables 1-10 Conversion Factor, Fp (For PVHO Occupation Exceeding 8 hr) ............. . 13 2-2.3.1-1 Conversion Factors for Acrylic Flat Disk Windows ........................ . 71 2-2.3.1-2 Conversion Factors for Acrylic Conical Frustum Windows and Double Beveled Disk Windows ................................................. . 71 2-2.3.1-3 Conversion Factors for Acrylic Spherical Sector Windows With Conical Edge, Hyperhemispherical Windows With Conical Edge, and NEMO Type Windows With Conical Edge ...................................... . 72 2-2.3.1-4 Conversion Factors for Acrylic Spherical Sector Windows With Square Edge and Hemispherical Windows With Equatorial Flange ..... " ....... . 72 2-2.3.1-5 Conversion Factors for Acrylic Cylindrical Windows ...................... . 73 2-2.3.2-1 Conical Frustum Windows for Design Pressures in Excess of 10,000 psi (69 MPa) ............................................................... . 73 2-2.14.13-1 Specified Values of Physical Properties for Polycarbonate Plastic ........... . 74 2-2.14.13-2 Specified Values of Physical Properties for Cast Nylon Plastic ............. . 74 2-3.4-1 Specified Values of Physical Properties for Each Lot ....................... . 75 2-3.4-2 Specified Values of Physical Properties for Each Casting ................... . 76 2-4.5-1 Annealing Schedule for Acrylic Windows ................................. . 77 4-2.1.1 Maximum Allowable Stress Values for Seamless Pipe and Tube Materials Not Listed in Nonmandatory Appendix A of ASME B31.1 .............. . 98 4-7.1 Mandatory Minimum Nondestructive Examinations for Pressure Welds in Piping Systems for Pressure Vessels for Human Occupancy ........... . 98 4-9.14 Maximum Allowable Concentration of Hydrocarbons in Air Passing Through Hose ......................................................... . 98 Forms GR-l Manufacturer's Data Report for Pressure Vessels for Human Occupancy ... . 14 GR-1S Manufacturer's Data Report Supplementary Sheet .... '" ......... " ....... . 15 VP-l Fabrication Certification for Acrylic Windows ............................. . 78 VP-2 Acrylic Window Design Certification ..................................... . 79 VP-3 Material Manufacturer's Certification for Acrylic .......................... . 80 VP-4 Material Testing Certification for Acrylic .................................. . 81 VP-5 Pressure Testing Certification ............................................. . 82 VP-6 Acrylic Window Repair Certification ...................................... . 83 v Copyright © 2007 by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. ~ No reproduction may be made of this material without written consent of ASME. ~ Mandatory Appendices I Reference Codes, Standards, and Specifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 113 II Definitions ................................................................ 115 Nonmandatory Appendices A Design of Supports and Lifting Attachments ............................... 120 B Recommendations for the Design of Through-Pressure Boundary Penetrations ............................................................ 121 C Recommended Practices for Color Coding and Labeling .................... 124 D Guidelines for the Submission of a PVHO Case for the Use of Nonstandard Designs, Materials, and Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 125 E Useful References ......................................................... 131 vi Copyright © 2007 by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. No reproduction may be made of this material without written consent of ASME.