Arts Education Advocacy Handbook Table of Contents Overview FCOE position paper 2-3 Preparing Students for the Next America 4-9 Re-Investing in Arts Education 10-17 Eloquent Evidence: Arts at the Core of Learning 18-26 Summary of Additional Research 27-28 Closing the Achievement Gap Embracing Arts Education to Achieve Title 1 Goals 30-39 The Arts Education Effect 40-42 Arts Facts . . . Improved Academic Performance 43 Staying in School (excerpt) 44-47 Arts Facts . . . SAT Scores and the Arts 48 Artist Habits of Mind 49 Arts Facts . . . Impact on Cognitive Development 50 Arts Learning Anchor Schools Initiative 51-55 21st Century Workforce Ready to Innovate 57-60 Arts Facts . . . Preparing Students for the Workplace 61 Arts Facts . . . Creative Industries 62 The Skills Connection... 63-66 The Impact of Arts Education on Workforce Preparation 67-80 Thinking Creatively and Competing Globally (excerpt) 81-87 Planning for Success Leading the Way to Arts Education (excerpt) 89-90 Critical Success Factors (excerpt) 91-104 Websites for Further Research 105 Overview This section provides articles and fact sheets that demonstrate the need for high quality arts education in schools. This includes dance, music, theatre and visual arts instruction by arts specialist teachers. It also includes instruction by multiple subjects teachers and teachers in other content areas who integrate the arts. It can also include after school programs either as stand alone arts classes or as arts integrated classes. 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America’s global stature, culture of innovation, and entrepreneurial spirit depend on the strength of a world-class education system. Perhaps now more than ever—as the country becomes increasingly diverse, the world more interconnected, and the workplace more oriented around technology and creativity— arts education is key to such a system and to ensuring students’ success in school, work, and life. For this reason, the Arts Education Partnership (AEP) created ArtsEdSearch.org—the nation’s first clearinghouse of research examining the mounting body of evidence on the benefits of an arts education. Drawing on the research in ArtsEdSearch, this bulletin offers a snapshot of how the arts support achievement in school, bolster skills demanded of a 21st century workforce, and enrich the lives of young people and communities. About the Arts Education Partnership The Arts Education Partnership, a division of the Council of Chief State School Officers, is dedicated to securing a high quality arts education for every young person in America. A national coalition of more than 100 education, arts, cultural, government, business, and philanthropic organizations, AEP was created in 1995 by the National Endowment for the Arts and the U.S. Department of Education and is administered by the Council of Chief State School Officers and the National Assembly of State Arts Agencies. A 6 The arts prepare students school for success in . Arts instruction and arts integrated instruction—lessons teaching skills and content of an art and non-art subject in tandem—engage students and increase learning and achievement. Arts education: 1 Boosts literacy and English Language Arts (ELA) skills. Arts education helps students become better readers and writers. Drama instruction, for example, increases reading readiness and word fluency in early grades and continues to improve reading comprehension and writing skills throughout middle and high school.1, 2 When the arts are integrated with literacy instruction, all students benefit, especially English Language Learners and students from low-income backgrounds.3 4 Develops critical thinking. In a world where students 2 Advances math achievement. Students who must frequently wade through a sea of information to study the arts, especially music, outperform their determine which facts are trustworthy and relevant non-arts peers on mathematics assessments.4, 5 Arts to a particular topic, critical thinking skills are key to integrated math instruction also facilitates mastery college readiness and lifelong learning. Arts education of computation and estimation skills, and challenging develops students’ critical thinking skills—including concepts like fractions.6, 7 skills for comparing, hypothesizing, critiquing, and exploring multiple and alternative viewpoints.11, 12 3 Engages students in school and motivates them to learn. Arts education helps make learning matter to 5 Improves school culture. Arts education helps foster students by giving them a medium to connect new a positive culture and climate in schools.13 When knowledge to personal experiences and express schools integrate the arts across the curriculum, what they have learned to others. Students who are disciplinary referrals decrease while effectiveness of typically disengaged in school are more likely to instruction and teachers’ ability to meet the needs participate in arts and arts integrated classes than of all students increase.14, 15 Arts integration also in classes where the arts are absent, and students contributes to increasing teacher satisfaction and who receive arts integrated instruction have higher lowering teacher turnover rates, often challenges for attendance than those who do not.8, 9, 10 low performing schools.16 B 7 work The arts prepare students for success in . Arts education develops thinking skills and capacities key 4 Increases capacity for leadership. Students who to success in the 21st Century workforce. Arts education: participate in the arts develop leadership skills, including decision-making, strategy building, 1 Equips students to be creative. Arts education planning, and reflection.27, 28, 29 They also prepare to develops creativity, one of the top five skills use these skills effectively by developing a strong employers prize for the 21st Century.17 Students sense of identity and confidence receiving an arts-rich education perform better on in their ability to affect the assessments of creativity than do students receiving world around them in little or no arts education.18, 19 Performing arts meaningful ways.30, 31 students, for example, show greater flexibility and adaptability in thinking than their peers.20, 21 2 Strengthens problem solving ability. The arts develop reasoning skills that prepare students to solve problems. Students who study the arts, for example, score higher than their peers on tests measuring the ability to analyze information and solve complex problems, and are more likely to approach problems with patience and persistence.22, 23 3 Builds collaboration and communication skills. In the arts, students learn to articulate their intentions, receive and offer constructive criticism, and listen actively to others’ ideas. Art making allows students to experience what it feels like to be active members of a community and to work as a team to determine and achieve common goals.24, 25, 26 C 8 The arts prepare students life for success in . Arts education prepares students to engage meaningfully in their communities. Arts education: 1 Strengthens perseverance. Arts education develops students’ capacity to persist in the face of a challenge. Through arts study, students improve in their ability to turn barriers into opportunities, overcome difficulty in completing complex tasks, and sustain attention.32, 33 In a longitudinal study of 25,000 secondary school students, those with higher involvement in the arts scored better on measures of persistence than their peers with lower arts involvement.34 2 Facilitates cross-cultural understanding. Arts experiences foster pro-social behaviors and social tolerance that help prepare students for life in an increasingly global and culturally diverse world. Ensemble performance, community mural community.37, 38 Students who have had an arts-rich painting, and other group arts experiences in education volunteer more often and exhibit greater which participants are from diverse backgrounds civic engagement than other students.39 demonstrate particular value for developing cross- cultural understanding.35, 36 4 Fosters a creative community. Students who study the arts in their school years are more likely 3 Builds community and supports civic engagement. to engage with the arts in later life as consumers, Arts programs foster a sense of community among performers, or creators than their peers who receive participants that supports their personal, artistic, no arts education. Additionally, researchers find that civic, and social development. They also offer a the more art forms students study, the greater their vehicle for effecting change in the surrounding arts participation in adulthood.40