TTrriinniittyy UUnniivveerrssiittyy DDiiggiittaall CCoommmmoonnss @@ TTrriinniittyy Modern Languages and Literatures Faculty Modern Languages and Literatures Department Research 2001 AArrttiissttrryy aanndd IIrroonnyy iinn MMaarrííaa ddee ZZaayyaass''ss La Inocencia Castigada Matthew D. Stroud Trinity University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.trinity.edu/mll_faculty Part of the Modern Languages Commons RReeppoossiittoorryy CCiittaattiioonn Stroud, M. D. (2001). Artistry and irony in María de Zayas's La inocencia Castigada. In G. E. Campbell & J. A. Whitenack (Ed.), Zayas and her sisters, 2: Essays on novelas by 17th-century Spanish women (pp. 79-95). Global ICGS. This Contribution to Book is brought to you for free and open access by the Modern Languages and Literatures Department at Digital Commons @ Trinity. It has been accepted for inclusion in Modern Languages and Literatures Faculty Research by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Trinity. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ArtisatnrdIy r ony inM aridae Z ayas'Lsai nocenccaisat igada MATTHEWD .S TROUD 7J yt het imMea ridae Z ayapsu blishheerDd e sengaamfioorso tshoes , honosrc enadruieio n,l arpgaer ttot hdeo minaonftc hece omeadnida especioafCl allyd erhoandt, a keonna numbeorfc haractetrhiastt ics todasye emi nseparfarboltmeh ef amilpilaort liAn neosb.l ewoman, usually ionfan doucletnbetur ty lboyva endo thmearn i,s b eliefvoerd oner easoorna nothteohr a vdei shonhoerhreu ds banHdep. r oceteovd esr tihfyat th e affronhta si ndebeede cno mmitatneddu,,p on( wrongcloym)i ntgob elitehvaeht i s wifiesg uilutnyd,e rttaokh easvh ee rk illiensd e crseott h ahtih so nowri lnlo stu ffer froemv etnh fea inwtheisstp oefsr c andTahlet. h emactoincfl iocftt hsis sc enaarrieo subtbluetp owerfturlu:tv he rsaupsp earajnucset,vi ecres ruesv enlgoev,ve e rsus honotrh,e f reedoofmm env erstuhsec onstroaniw notmse n.An extraordinary amouonftc omecdriiat ihcaidsse ma slpte cifiwciatwlhhl ayat n a udieinstc ome akoef .· thipsl otliinsie at:n a ffirmatoifto hnoe p presosfwi oomne bny a p atriasrycshtaoelrm , · isi ta ni ronciocn demnaotfti hohenu sbawnhdo t,o oqu icaknldyt hereefrorroen e­ ouslpyu,n ishhiewssi ffeo dre edssh ed idn octo mmiZta?y asst'osrLa y i,n ocencia castipgoasdaeas,n e aw n umbeorft heqsuee stibounhtse ,rn oveislau tteurnllyi ke anCya lderopnlioatn. Thisst orlyi,kt eh oet heirnhs e Nr ovea/ansdD esengiastii oolisdnt , h ceo n­ texotfa soirienwe h icwho ment etlall deess igtnoew da rno ft htee rrible treatment meni nflointc hte ma,n dm ucho ft hcer itiocfti hsemss teo rhiaesas c ceptthefede mi­ nisotra, t l eapsrto to-fepmeirnsipsetc,St eievfner .ot mh ipso ionftv ietwh,is sa riaso noi dlpea stifmoetr;h weo mewnh ot etlhle ssteo riities sa ," guercroan tlroahs o m­ bres("1 4\5a ) ph rase, maamnoyon tgh etrhsa,ht a sl edn umerous tcovir eiwti cs thessteo rfiiresastn df oremaossa ft e minairsgtu maegnati tnhsaetb usoefws o mebny men.F ort hecsrei tIincesls,i, k teh oet hewro mewnh os uffeartt hhea ndosfm en, emboditehisen eviotpapbrlees osfwi oomne wnh ot rtyoc reattheeo iwrnd iscourse in as ocitehtadyto enso rte cogntihzeeeix ri staesns cueb jeIcnteisssr; e peatedly reduced toa ni magoer a no bjetcobt e d ominaatnedvd i olabtyme edn ( Rou6t2t0 )F.or WhitenIancekst,'r sa gic spelrivtgeowhs at r mna letsh aatn eglewcitfeiedss usceptible 'Al lc itatitooLan si nocencciaas tanidg iatpdsr aef aNtocohery seguntlaa rfer otmh ane­ tholZaogyy aasn Hder S is1ted,er. sj u,d iAt.Whh i tenaancdk G wyn E.C ampbell. 80 MAITHEW D.ST ROUD tos eductmiaonnoy;f t huen forttuunrnaistn et hpel oatr idsueet ot huen ffilulelds ex­ uanle edosft hbee leaguperroetadg o(ni1s8.t6I n)a m orgee nesreanls teh,de i dactic purpoosfae ll o fZ ayanso'vse ilsps a ramo(uFnotFa ,e mini1s0m.1oM )e na ruen i­ formelvyit lh;ee yx emplluisfyat n,g eprr,i dcer,u ealntdyd ,e ce(iFto Fae, mini9s5m,o 961,1 ;6t )heirse" ap ervamsaisvceu lpianrea nooffi eam aflree edeosmp,e cisaelxl­y uaflr eedo(mV"o llen"dRoerafd,i2 n7g.7"As ) ar esutlhte,cr aenb en op ossiboifal ity harmonioruesl atiobnesthwiewpeo nm eann dm en( FoFa,e mini7s88m,5o ;)l ovies reducteold u svti,o leunncber,i ddleesdi arned,p ervers(iFoonFa ,e mini9s4.m) o Zay"acso ntoepsetnstl hyme a sculiidneoeafo rdeerp itombiyzt ehqdeu asi-csoos­mic ciahla rmoonfty h ce omedhiaap'pmysa rria(gMeasr"o Ctaom in5o3 .0H )ern ovels arpee oplbeysd t rofnegm aclhea racitnte hrNes o vealnad"s p ervasive victimization andt errori(zaVtoilolne"n" dOouBrrof d,i e9s5"i) nt hDee sengtahiileoa tsat,le lro w­ inag u nique opp"otraotl ulnowiwot mye nv'osi cteobs e h ear(dV"o llendorf, "Our Bodie9s8"a) st hepyr ovisdheo cktiensgt iomfo"n tyhv ei olafteemdab loed ays a t es­ timoonfym isogy(nVyo"l len"dRoerafd,i2 n7g.7" Z )ayaisss op erceptthiasvthe ei s even taopb rlees ceanstoe fsp sycholaobguiscaeav ,le rmyo dernc onceornn lrye cently takiennt aoc couinntt h set rugtgopl reo tweocmte fnr omme n( Vollen"dRoerafd,i ng" 27.7W )orsyee tt,h enseo vealarset aketnob em oret hamne rfiec tioennatle rtain­ mentt;h eayc curaatnedlr ye alisticallay h erlelpcirosenhst eenmtp osroacriye ty markeidnF, o aw'osr dbsy," cruelldaasdc,it vriaai,co id6ingo,u, e ryr,as ,o brteo do, desenga(iiFoe"m in7i3ss;em eao l s7o4 8,5 )T.he h orritbrleea tmoefwn otm einn thepsleo itsns o thliensgts h atnh "ev erdasdietruaa dceiI 6amn u jeernl ae poc(aF"o a, "MardieaZ aya1s2" ;9Z )ayans'osv ehlaasva e" condipcrio6pnyi s ai ngusluayrua n: constyap nrtoefu nrdeoa lis(mVoa"s i1le1s3ske;iae l sAom ezuxva- xxvi,xxv ). Atfi rsgtl anLcaei, n ocecnacsitai igsia ndad eaep do wercfualu tiotnaalrey aboutth eevil mend oe vetno c ompleitnenloyc weonmte nU.n litkhese i tuaitni on similcaor medhiearwsee ,k nowf osru rteh aItn eksn owinhgaldny o p aritnt hdei s­ honoorfw hicshh ei sa ccuseSdh.ei sv ictimbiyfz oeuddr i ffermeennth: e brr other, whok ephte vri rtuianpl rliys ao" nt,e rrciobnldei c(i61n5,"b3 e)fomraer ryihnegro ff toa n oblemoafSn e villa witfhoohrue trd erseigraaye rosdu; n g nobleman, Diego, who seehse ra ndf alilmsm ediaatnedil nys anely wiitnhh e lro,v el heiamvi inan s gt aotfe "lodceas esper(ac13i5)6"n,s"i j nu ic(i1o"5; a3 M )oor, "hgercahni cyne irgor omin­ tic(o"1 6w2h)ou sehsi bsl acakrt tsoh elDpi egfuol fihlilds e sitrobe e w itlhn easn;d hehru sbamnodr,oe f a t yratnhtaa nl ovicnogm paniTohnep. o oIrn easl,t hoaungxh­ ioutsol eatvhehe o usoefh ero ppresbsriovtehd eirld,i tbteltetw eirth he rm arriage: "antdeesd osm esesseh allp6o,rs aldieru nc autivpeureisoet,nao trmoa rtirio" (15.2T )hesfeo umre ns erqvuei wteel alse xampolfet sh eev imle nd oa,s e mbodi­ mentosft hgee neralitzhaneta irornaastn odtr h set orytmealklaeeb ro umte nt:h eayr e drivbeytn h eoiwrnd esi(r1e4 ,t5 h)eayr fiec kl(e1 5,t1 h)esyp eailkla ndl asciviously ofw omen(1 5,1t )heayr ec rue(1l 5 11,7 3a)nd a rrog(a1n2t5,) a ndi ng eneruanl- ARTISTRYAN D IRONY 81 trustw"oPruetenhcs yu :a naIt acor uepladracadol nas d esdicmhuajdeanrsoeh sa,y qufiea ernh ermannimo asr iqduoteso ,d sooshn o mbr(1e 7s3"F) o.Vr a si(l8 e4s)k,i thmee ne,s pecIinaehlsul'sysb daensde,alr ltv hebe l afmoehr e sru ffering. Ineosnt, h oet hhearn idas," percfaescattdaou a s,Fe"r Lauyi tse'rssmh :ie s obedaineddno tee sv erysthhieiss nu gp potsoSe.hd ae c cehpemtras r rgiraagcei ously: "comnoot enmiaavs o luqnutIeaas d u yyea ,nc uanaIt aoo b ediyea nmcorirea v eren­ cilaetl uvieenIs uegd aepr a darcee,pe tlc6 a sam.i.e"n( t1o5 2W)h.eD ni ebgeo­ . gitnosf olhleoarwr ouannded v esne renhaedsreh,i e ss o i nnotchesanhttce a nnot imagtihnhaeeti c so urhteisrni;gn scheiem s a rrsiheaeds ,s utmheiasmtt u sbtes ome othweorm aonnh esrt rweheoitt s h oeb joefhic st att(e1n5tD4ii)oe.nag sot ,ht ey pi­ calloveysoiucmnkag n , cbarnihnniogmt s teorl efs pheehcrot n oortr h oafht e hru s­ banhdi;is n sdaensedi rriehv ieassc tisoentsut,pit n hfgea micloinaflbrie cttwt eheen desoifrt ehl eo vaenrtd h heo noofrt hmea rrcioeudp Aftleer.h ei sd ecebiyva e d neighhbero erp,r oIancefhsoeh rse cro ldtnohe ismsH. es imcpalnynb oetl itehvaet shdeo ensol to hvieam sm ucahsh el ovhees(r 1 5a9n)hd,e e mpltohyMeso otrod e­ viasnee nchanttobm reinIntng et soh iwmh enehvewe irs hBeyls i.g hatc ianngidn l e ordteoir n vdoakrefk o rcDeisec,ga osn u mmIonnte osh ihso usshece;o, m pluent­ely awarcea,n nroets iHsebt r.izhn egtrsoh ihso usseev etriamle so nuneni tgihlt Ines is spotetnre odu itnaen ightbdytr heceso srr egihdimosir n,i satneIdrn seb,sr 'ost her (165-T6h6se)p .ea lnDld i egpol'aosrtu e n covbeurtteom d a,ks eu rtehI antie nsso t aw illpianrgt iicnti hpeannsotec tutrrynsattlhsa e,u thoorridtteihrece as n dlliietn sevedriafflep rleanctEe asct.hi mlen eisna,t rangcoeet,sot hleo caotfti hocena ndle. Shieas bsoolfav newydr ongdboeicnahgue sarec tisopnrsan nofrgto mh eorw nw ill buftr odma rfko rocveewsrh ischhhe a ndo c ontrol. Inebsr'ost rheesrp otnohd isssi stperre'dsi cwaHmhae nnytt bhuictno gm pas­ sio"n[.L ]doepc eon (a1"6 h7e)h ,a rbtohrsesu spitchiaotwn a Io5nn eplsry e tending tob ei nat rainnco er dteoar v opiudn ishfmoheren artff awiirtD hi egIon.eh su'ss­ bannda tufreaeallnlas yff rtoonh tih so noarft;ea rle lv,et nha ep peaorafin mcper opri­ etwya ssu ppotsobe rdid nigs hoMnoorrie.m porthaonwtelvhyeis,rsu , s piacrieo ns inflabmyeI dn ebsr'osta hnehdri w si fe. Thdeesceti odmt eoh vtreoae r ee latively iso­ latedo fSp eavriItlnt l hani.es hw o uIsneie,c sso nfitnoaes dm aclllo tsheeetn ,t rance ofw hicihss eaulpeb dyt hteh rceoen spiwrhaowt aolirlnts h oep enwiintbghr icks. Onlasy m aolple niilsne gift nt hwea tlhlr owuhgihoc nhce a pna smse agfeoroa dn d watteoIr n eTsh.ci esil sslo s matlhlIa ntce asn nloidteo wne voesrnid to wtnh;be e st shcea dno i sl eaonrs quaHte.ir n carclearssatetsvi eoyrnea aulrn sto,in lnie g hat neighibnao nar d joihnoiuhnsegea hrescr r ifeomsre rcayl,et rhtaesu thoarnidt ies, helfprsIe nee wsh,bo y t htiismi iesnm isercaobnldei tion: 'Stackhnooutsteehs r deieff eruesneotsf m agiicnZay as'ns ove/as.T heM ooru'sseo fa ne f­ figy toe nchalnntei ssa ne xampolfhe i tsh icradt egionryv oltvhi"env gi rtoufse ysm bols-egffilgyipehss,, and words "( 68). ... 82 MATI'HEW D.ST ROUD aunqtueen lioaos j ocsl areosst,ac biae goad ,eI ao scuri.d.,a. d fo u esdee e stoo , del lorealrln,ao t enviias tSau.sh ennoscoasb elqluoecs u,a ndeon tral6lie ran comoh ebrdaeso rob,l anccoosm oI am ismnai evee,n redayd lolse ndoesa ni­ malejqoused, e n op einasrelcrfan o s ent anctaan tiqduaepod r, enchiemrvao rea­ bane;lc olodreI, a c oldoerI am uertteafl;na cyac onsumiqduaes, eI es efialaban lohsu esocso,m os ie lp ellqeujeeo s taebnac ifumear uan d elgacdeon ddaels;d e loosj obsa sItaab arbdao,ss urccoasv addoels a lsa griqmuaess e,l ee sconednf a elluonsb ramantger uesloo;vs e stihdeocsh coesn iqzuae,s el ev efalnam sas partdeess uc uerpdoe;s cadlezp ai ye piemaq,u ed el oesx cremednets ous cuerpcoo,m on ot endi6an deec harlnoos so,l soe h abfcaonn sumimdaosI, a propciaam ec omidhaa sltoams u sldoesl lagyga uss anodse,q uee stalblae enlo hedioInduog a(r71.2 ) Inefso,r ebvleigrno det,so l iivnaec onvheonptfe,oh ra ppiansaem sasr rwioemda n behihneadrsa r esouftl htce r uterle atomfme ennt. Thawto ubledt heen odf i iftt hsitso wreyra et rumeo reaxle mprlautmh er thaaBn a ronqovueel Bae.c aiuitsts eh lea tter,t hhneoa wrervaietsmri u,vc meho re compliacnadat,sae r de,s tuhlmeto ,r laels msoornde i ffusaenc do nfusAne de.s sen­ tiaamlb ivaslueffunstcehesee n tsitroeiry n,c lutdhpiern egf aitnotrryo duItctut rniso n. outth taht"e g uecrornalt orhsao mbriensso "at g aialnlms etnb ,uo tn ltyho en ewsh o mistwroemaetnN .oa tl mle na reev inloa;tl wlo meanr geo odN.oa tl mle nd eceive womenno;at l wlo menne ead" desen(g1a4ii.5oT )"h earreme a ngyo omde nw ho neendor eproiantc hhet irre atomfwe onmte (n." .h .o mbrmeusyn oblmeusy, sabimousyc, u erydm ousyv irtuCoiseoerssqt. uo e hlaoyyqs ,u neo t odtorsa etna­n gaii.o..s" 15[1 ]S)o.mw eo meanrd ee ceijvuaessrst so mmee na rseo;m mee na re decejiuvasesstd o mweo meanr "el:ma usj esreqe use jdaesn u esn gayiil ooshs,o m­ bredsel ossu yo(sI"S OM)o.r eopvaeorrftt, h ree astohmnae tnh avale o owp inoifo n womeinsd uteo t haec tioofwn osm etnh emsealnnvdoe jtsu ,cs otm mowno mebnu,t nobwloem ewnh oa cfto oliGsrhilsyw(.o1 l01d61 ,0n )o ttehsta hte nsovee lasa rfuel l ofa ntifesmeinntiisamtneW dne tlsdl,ee tse tchpters e seonfa"c nee gativ.e. .F eminine manifients htfieeg duo rfaes orcears eesdsu,c otrraw e iscsk,oe lddw eorm a(n3"0 7), th"et empEtvreae"sso sp potsote hd"e v irMgairnyaI.lns" h otrhtbi,as t otftl hese e xes inso qtu istobe l aacnkwd h iatsoe n weo uelxdp freocmtam oreaxle mplum. Indetehdpe,a rtiocfuI lnaesrsts'o sar lysi on clwuodmeew nh oa rneo jtu st letshsav ni rtbuuowtuh soa, c tucaolnltyr iinsb iugtneifi wcaaytnsolt n ewso'essP .e r­ hapDsi ewgoou nlodht a vpeu rsIunetedost heex theen tifd h iednr e ighabw oorm,a n whoh awda tcDhieedpg aosb syI nehso'ussh ea,nd o itn terivnoe rndetedomr a ke somqeu imcokn eCyl.a itmoib neag g oofdr ioeftn hdfe a mislhpyer, o miDsieesg o, witthhi em pleixcpietc toafmt oinoentg aaryit nob, r ilnnget soh imI.nt hfiasm iliar pltowti tshwteo, m abno rraod wrsef srsoI mn efisn,da sp rostwihtou tllieok oheke sr , dreshseeursp a npda ssheeorsff t oD ieagsho i bse loIvneedFs o.hr e trr ousbhlee , receaic vheasai nnmd o neAftye.r t hber ipeefr itohdde,r eissrs e turnaendtd h e womagno eosnh ewra yb,uD ti eigfsoo rltohrnIa nthe asss t opspeeedhi inmgH. er e- ARTISTANRDY I RONY 83 proachheierncs h uracnhsd h per ottehssathtshe a nso i dewah ahtei tsa lkaibnogu t. Naturhaebl ellyi,te hvsaehtsie s m ereplryo tehcethrio nngo Trh.ae c tiooftn hsi s neighwboomrac na uhsieis r ratpiaosnstaioilo n nc rteoat shpeeo itnhtha ete ngages thMeo owrh oc abne witthcoehb joefhc itds e siTrhee.ir nseo d ouibntt h nea rration whawtea rteot hionfhk e asr s hiesd escrviabreidoa us"s alsyt (u1t5a""6m )a,l a" (15"6m)u,j er(c1i5l"6le)an,"g afi(o1s5a"7"vi)t i, e rc(e1r5aa"8n )"d,i nfamadora" (1 61a)lo,lfw hiccahcn e rtbaeit nalkayesd n e scriopfdt iisoanpsp roval. Byf atrh meo riem ptoarwnotm atnoc ontrtiolb nuetsseu'e ffsr iinhsge sri s­ ter-iFnr-olhmae wir.n iatpipaela riantn hcee story, we are at old that this woman is menacOen.eo f l nemso'tsi vattomi aornirssty o g eatw afryo mt h"er igurosa condi­ ci6dnes uc unad(a1"5a 2sw) e lalst h"et ercroinbdliecs ihs6eh na"rw eisth he r brot(h1e5r3 S)h.ie sr armeelnyt iwointehdao nua td ditdieosncarlis putcaihso n "trai(d1o6r18a6,"9" )c,r u(e1l6"9 ,o r1" m7a2l)(a,1" 6 w9i)ta,hd ditmieonntailo n madoeft h"ec rueldsahdse"ah rtewhsia ththe brr othera-nildnn -elhsau'wss b and (171S)h.ie sa " rigulreoosn(aa1 "7 w3h)ot reIantebssa dalnyfd a itlobs e lieve lne(sa'nstd hc eo rregiadsoesrr'tsio)ofIn nse isn'nso cientn hceeen chanstcmee­nt narpiroe,f etroar sisnugtm heIa nte issa se vials s hiesa n idls y ianbgow uhtah ta p­ pene(d1 67O)n.oe f t hmeo sdta mnaisnsge rotfti honena sr riatst hotarht se it ser-in­ latwh ouiglohlfIt n eosn lbye casuhsweea hse srit ser-i(n"-cloaamlwfio nc ufiada," [617]a)s ,h ockiinndgi cotfam nee nnttc ilraeos fws o meWnh.e tnh teh rceoen spira­ todresv tihspeel tootp unilsnhet shs,ei steri-rsii ngi-hntlt ham ewi ddolfte hd ei scus­ sioannsdd e cisSihoiense s v.e bryi atsc ruetlh meae sna ,l thtohueg h nabrer­ator lietvheaastsa , w omasnh,se h ouhladvb ee emno rceo mpass"iYod neqa utieme:an s pondleacr rou eeldsda eId at raidoraq ucseui nqaupdioaemr,ru aj er, tpeundeire ra pieddaeed l l(a1"6 T8h)r.o ughouitn caIrnceetsrh'saesitt seiro-ni,hn a-asml oarwe thaenq uraolla esh ejra i"lIelarl :aI vate e nIiama a lyac ruceulfi ayde al,ml ias mlae ibaad aIrac omiydu anj ardreao g udae,m aneqruaae u nqduees prueecsi bieron criaydc orsi andiansg,su anboef lsa e crdeeat qou ceelr raapdoos e(n1t6o9"T) o. makIen essu'effsr ienvgem no ruen bearsahbhele eav,pe sr abbaulos neh ecra ptive witehv evirys i"tIt:ar aicduofiraacd aadv,a eq zu Iea l levlaacb oam ildeda e,c milf a oprobyai forse n.t."a s( 1I6n9a v )e.rr yes aeln tshese,it ser-iinms-o lroaefaw n . antagtohnaeinis ttIh neerbs r'ost ohrhe urs baIfn tdh.mi osr laels isison nd eed about cruehletrcysa, n nboeit g nored. Nexlteu,ts c onstihdgeeo rom de ni nt hset oryIf h.e hru sbaannbddr other faiIlneedos t,hm eern e,s pectihaolrsleeyp restehnet i(npgh aalultohc,orr reai­ttiyc) peatsetdeilpnyt os avper,o taencedtx ,o neIrnaetTseh. ce o rregciodmoeorsn t he sceanfetl enrefi sg uroeutsth haetnr e ighbboorrr ohweedrdr etsods e ceDiiveefg oor moneIynf. a cftaf,rr ofme artihmniagsn w itehx traocridaviuintlah royr sietnyd,s she fohri m(1 60I)n.eh sat sh ceo rreghiiddtoeoro verhheecaror n verwsiattthhi eo n neighabntodhr e lcaotntsfeieroos'nfhs e dre ceptTihcoeon rr.e gaipdpoeraas rces­ ontdi mweh ehnes eest hbee witIcnheiesntd h sert eeatnsdd i scotvhseepr estl hla t 84 MAITHEWD.STR OUD Dieghoa sc asotv ehre rI.n b otcha setsh,ce orreggiodetosorg r elaetn gttohp sr ove thter uotfht hmea ttteorp ,u nitshhne e ighabnodDr i eg(ow i2th0 l0a shaensdb an­ ishmefnotsr i yxe airnst hcea soeft hfeo rmearn,dw itihn carceirnat thiceoa nso ef thlea ttaenrdt) o,e xonerIanteesW .h en Inefse edslitssi hloln aoftreetrdh een chant­ menetp isoadneda skfso dre atthh,ce orregiindsoitrsh tassth ei si nnoce"nSto:s e­ gaosse,n oqruae,v uesdterloi ntomo e reIcaep enqau ev opse dfsp,u enso l oe ss,u ­ puesqtuoev onso e rapiasr ptaer nao h acer(l1 e67".) S imiliatir slt yh,ae rzobispo andt hasei stewhnotc oem teo l nesa'iwsdh etnh nee ighrbeovre taotl hse hme rs itua­ tioinnt hwea llecdl-oisnNe otto. n ldyo t heeyx trhaecrft r ohme rm iserable predica­ mentm,o desttalkyi cnagrt eoc ovehre rn akednbeusttsh ,e alys og ehte rt hrpeeer se­ cutotrocs o nftehsesci rri mfeoswr,h icthh eayr see ntentcode eda tThh.e smee na re thcel ostehsiton nge h asi nt hset otryo r epresenotfat triuavtnehdjs u stiWciet.h out thelmn esp'esr secuwtoourlbsdea blteoa bushee rf reweiltynh oe xpectoaftp iuonn­ ishment. Them ethoeds,t ablbiysA hleedx anPdaerrki encr omedcriiat iocfie ssmt,a b­ lishriensgp onsbiybe ixlaimtiync ihnagi onfcs a usaen de ffechta sf allienntd oi suse, andu suaflolgryo orde asoBnu.ift i it sv alaitad l ilst,h oubledi nt hcea soefa m oral examplWeh.a atr teh cer imoefsw hicthh ecshea racatregeru si alntdyh owa rteh ey punishDeide?gi osq uictlee aartfl ayu flotpr u rsuaim nagr riweodm arne cklefsosrl y, usitnhgse e rviocfae g so -betawnedew,no rsoefa, n ecromanFcoesrri .m irleaars ons, thcer imoeft hte ercieser quaa plrloyv abTlhee.st ew oa rseu bjteocl ta shbeasn,i sh­ menti,n carceraantdii novne,s tibgyat thieIo nnq uisiTthieot nh.r eceo nspirators Onesh'uss babnrdo,t haenrds, i ster-airnge-u liaolwft)t y a kimnagt tienrtsto h eoiwrn handasn dc rueilmlpyr isoan wionmga wnh os uffertehdr oungofh a uolfht e ro wn. Thepiurn ishimsea nsw tift deatIhst. h ecirri mteh,de e feonfsf ea mihloyn osrof amil­ iatroc omeaduidai enwcoersts,ho m uchm ordei raep unishmAfteenrta ?l tlh,e dyi d nokti Ilnle asn,dt heayp peatroeb de litehvaseth hea di ndeseudl ltihefeda minlaym e. Whaetl siesg oionngh ereW?h aott hfearc taorriesn p lay? As isi nt hcea soeft hCea lderowniifaen- muprldaeycrse ,n ttrota hloe u tcome oft hpel oitst hsee arfcohtr h ter u(tSht roFuadt,Ua nli 1o1n9 -.4T h0eg) uidnion­g tioonft hmeu rderhouussb anfrdesq,u enitrloynw iacst, h aotn em usktn owt hter uth befoorneec ank nowwh aatc titootn a kWea. sI negsu iolfta yd ultSehrewy a?s i ndeed inD ieghoo'uss beu,wt a ss heh erseTlhf?ec orregidgooret sog relaetn gttohp sr ove thpeo weorft hien cantaitnicolnur,de ipnega tteesdtt oms a kes urteh aItn ehsa dn o saiyn h ero wna cti(on1s6. 7T )hen arraitnosrio snth esr l acokff rewei ll":p rivada conI afu erzdae eln cant"of,o"r zdaeda al g6ens pfrdiitaub 6l(i1c46o)"", no t enffaa­ cultpaadrh aa bla(r1"6. 4W e)a lskon otwh asth dei ndo lto vhei ma ndr ejecetveedr y advancIeti. so nt hegsreo untdhsat th ce orregeixdoorn erhaetreT.sh ec orregidor makeasr emarkmaobdleyrn a ssessomfew nhtac tu rrecnotullbyde c alldeadtr ea pe. Ina w ayI,n ewsa sd epriovfhe edrs enstehswe a yu nsuspemcotdienrnwg o meanr e; ARTlSfRYAND IRONY 85 foIrn eesn,c hantmentt harana d trhuewgra st he instorfcu omnetnartno dla buse. Todawye,c onsitdheervs iec ttiomb sew holilnyn ocoefna tn yr esponsfiobtrih leiitry pligbhutts, u cwha sn ott hes ituautnitoain fl e wd ecadaegso T.h em oret raditional respotnosa ce h arogfer apwea st hatth weo masnu redliysd o methtiopn rgo votkhee acti"osnh,we a sa skifnogir t .T"h3e f actth atth me and ruggheedrw oulndo th ave erastehdfe a ctth asth eh ad hsaedx uraell atwiiotnhhsi ml;i kewtihsfeea ctth aItn es wasn oatc tionfhg e orw na ccodrode nso atl ttehrfe a ctth asth wea sp hysipcraelsleyn t inD iegboe'ds. Ofc oursteh,ec otTegiedxoqr'uiss itoef j suesntdsioece ens o tp reveInnte s frobme inpgu nishHeodn.oi rsn olte gjauls taincdde o enso ptl aicmep ortoannt chee samfea catnsdc ircumstaInnac dedsi.t tihoenar,re ae l watyhso msoer ien teonnrt e ­ vengieno rdetroa chiesvoem es orotfe goistic troinua mcpche ptthoaafntn ch ee edicotfts h cei vaiult horaintdti herese sulstoicnipgae la cteh roulgahaw n do rdeAsr . faars I nesb'rso thaenrds ister-airnce- olnacwe rnsehdeg, o itn tDoi egboe'dsw, h ere sher emaintehdge r eaptaerrot ft hnei ghrte,p eatfeodmrlo yr,et haan m onthA.l ­ thoutghhne a rraitsso irl ernetga rdwihnawgte notn d uritnhge tsrey sittis sh, a rtdo imagiDniee gsoa tishfyiilsnu gsb tyrr ierwealtyc hhienrsg l eeWpi.t htihnce o ntoefx t thset oryi,ti st ruteh aItn ewsa sd iscovienra ec do mpromissiitnugaw tiitDohin e go. As iss ot ypiicnta hlBe a roqvuiee owft huen ivetrhsteer ,u ctahnh avmeu ltiepvleen, contradiccotnosreyq,u enFcoercs o.n sideroafth ioonnoisrt r, e alldyo esnm'att ter whethlenrea sc tuhaalldsy e xuianlt ercoorun rosthe:e mre rper eseinnDc iee gboe'ds isd amnitnohg e rh usbaannddb rothaenrdt, h ebye lietvheehdya dt hrei gthoct l eanse thehiorn obryp unishhienrag,tl eaassft a ars t hliet ertarrayd iotfwi iofnei lnyfi deilist y concerneOdfc. o urtshele,i teraroyf t whocer olmde idsni oatt h sea mase thaotft he noveor/ae veonfh istoricailnw hriecahhlu istbyaw,nh dosk illtehdew iirv ceesr tainly dindo gte otff s cot-fIrnte hese.e ventceeennttuhwr hyi,tl heMe e dielvaawal l lowai ng husbatnokd i hlilws i faen dh epra ramowuarss tiolntl h beo oktsh,se o ciraela lwiatys quidtieff ereMnetnw. h ot oopku nishfmeoanrdt u ltienrttyoh eoiwrn h andwse rreo u­ tinqeuleys tiboynt ehdae u thoraintdpi uensi sfhoetrdh eir own acti"oFnusr ­(Stroud, the2r"1 -.2I 3nt) hisst ortyo,ot ,h eirsea d efinidtiec hotboemtyw epeunb lic justice (thsee ntenmceetseo du tto t hweo manD,i egaon,dt hteh rceoen spiraatnodpr rsi)­, vatree ven(gteht er eatomefIn nte sB)o.t thh aeu thoraintdti heceso nspiraartieon r­s teresitnte hdte r uathn,db othha vaec laitmob ea ctibnags eodnt hfea catths a ndb,u t theirsea na dditiiomnpallia esds ertthiaonton at ll u seosft hter uatrhee q uavlallyi d. l Paudne G arc(f5a 0n)ot etsh em odernp sycholopgoisciattlih oarnte ,g ardolfhes esre n­ chantmIennetcs,o ulndo htav eg onael onhga dt hebereen n od esiorneh epra rt, coonrsu cnicoouns­ sciotuhspe,o sittiaokneb ynh ers ister-ainndh- ulsabwa (nadl though thwpeis tyhcohuotl roegasiocanl­ ing)T.he a ttittouwdaemr adg iacn ds pellosft heer wao uJsde etmo p reclutdhene o titohnaI tn ecso uld be foungdu iflotaryc ticoonmsm itwtheidsl heew asu ndears pelwlh,i cihsb orneo uwth etnh ce oeg"i­ dowrh,op resumawboluylk dn owa boustu cthh indgesc,l ahreercs o mpleitnenlocye anntdn ostu bject toa npyu nishment. 86 MAITHEW D.S TROUD Thet ruatnhd i tcso nsequeansdc iessc ovaenrdee dn forbcyet dh cei vaiult horiist ies clearly itnobt eea npdpelda uwdietdth,h ter uatshu ndersbtyoto hdce o nspirators, and thesiurb seqtuoernttou frI en ecsa,no nlbye d eplorIendo .t hewro rdtsh,de i scovery oft rulteha ditnoeg x culpaitspi roinv iloevgeetrdh alte aditnopg u nishmeRnitg.h ts undetrh lea wt akper ecedeonvcereri ghutnsd etrh heo nocro det;h seo ciraela loift y thaep plicoaftt ihloean w s uperseadtle esa,is ntt h wea yw ea rteo i nterIpnreespt'u sn ­ ishmetnhtMe,e dieavnadll i teprraarcyt oiftc hehe o norarbelvee nge. Att hsea met imZea,y asd'ess cripotfIi noensi 'nsc arceraaptpietoaonrs erve purposoetsh etrh atnh osoefl ayionugta legcaals aeg aitnhsett r ioofc onspirators whod isregatrhdaeeu dt horaintdti oesot kh mea ttienrt toh eoiwrn h andsT.h eh or­ rifidce scripotfti hoteno sr tiunrflei cotneI dn easr ed rawdni recftrlotymh ied eaolfs Neo-Senaecdamni rawhtiiciohs, a c ceptaesand importaaenstt hetic ipnr inciple Zayawso'rsek v ebny t hosweh oi nsoinst th hei storaicccaulro afct yh ne ove/as.T'he lurimdi,n udteet alialv isohneh de rc onfinemehnotws, h ec oulnde ithseinrto rl ie, hows hew asf edt,h iem precahtuirolnaesthd e ra te very btyhu ernrs ister-tiank-el aw thisst obrye yomnodr asle rmonizIitin sng o.td i fficutlost e ei nt hidse scritpetciho­n niquuesse bdy m oderhno rrsotro roireil sl msZ.a yahsa isn clusdeevde wreaUl- known featrhsa atr et hset ociknt raodfet hheo rrgoern rleo:so sff reedaonmdc ontorvoelr oneb'osd yp;u nishmentth oeuvogenhnei si nnocecnlta;u strocpohnofibniecm weintth thaed dititoonuacolhfh avitnhgde o owra lliendb; e incgo verweidti hn secwtosr,m s, ando thearn imablesi;nb gl inded;n abkeeiadnn;gd h avionnge 'flse srho otff o ne's bonewsh ilset iallli vTeh.efu nctiooftn h heo rrihfiecri ess urenloyd ifferfernotim t s functiinoo tnh egre nreasne: x ceosfse motioonnt hpea rotft here adearv ,i carious featrh atth iksi nodfu nprovotkoerdt cuoruel hda ppetnoa nyonOef.c ourstehue,s e ofh orrtoerc hniiqsnu oeats n tithteott ihcpeau lr poosfet sh cea utiotnaalrybe e:g ood ort hetseer ritbhlienw gisl l hatpoyp oeutn o oB.u tt heirsea lwatyhsde a ngtehra tth e natuorfte h heo rrwoirlo lv erwhetlhmme o ral leBsyts hoteni .m wee r eacthh een do f thdee scriopftI inoens 's miasreercy o,m plweeit memleyr sed in fsoyhrme praa,st hy arUes isg'use swthse nt hset oirsoy v erT.h ef orocfet hdee scrippltaicotenhs re e ader 'Fosat udZiaeysar sh'est otreicchanli( qaudems icroanttireaotsc,it. ns,) o mdee t(aFemi­l ini1s0m41o,1 519,1) I.np artischugelo aeros,nt on ot(e11 7t)h tahtge ra ngdu igdensoclr iopft ion Inesw hesnh lee avhese cre ilisln tentdoae wda koeunpr i antdyc ompasbsyui sointn hgge r oteasnqdu e repugtnoac notn ttrhorele aderre'asc tGiroine(.v9 e21 ,0 3p)o inotutsth atthl iist etreacryh noifq ue horriopsra ratnp da rcoeft lhh ea giogrhaipshtioFcro iWree sl.la edsm, irwaaastp iroim maoryt ivation foZray awsh,o e vewne nstof aarst oc atlhlte a lienPs a rOnte " maravrialtlthahesar""n n ove(l3a0s3") . IndeaesL6d pez, Pincinaontoee dxag,ge ratfiooernff ewcatts h lei teirdaeoryaf tl h tei maep ;l ostho uld be both" prodigainod"s eos"p anto"spoor"q:uI eac osnau edveal eyytI aaa, d mirambalsye,m , a sI a prodigiyeo sspaa nt(o1s51a8,") O .l t(r"aZ el1i8ma1"-d 8i2s)c utshsleesi tedreabryab teet we"elno admiraabnl"de lv"oe rosiimnbi olt"C he rvaanntZdea sy aasps a rotft hlea rpgheirl osodpehbiaoctnae l three lamteirvioetfhis s t orianadpoe siaT.h ien sisotnet nhtcere u otfth h set oriisme esr ealnyo ther techntioeq nuhean ctehs eh ockianndg s canrya tuorfte h tea ltehi;el luosfci roend iabdidltsiot t hye overall oeftn hjseot yomrye.n t ARTISATNRDY IRONY 87 entiroentl hyse i doefI neasg aihnesrht u sband, barnodst ihsetre,r -miena-nlianwg, thatth meo slti kemloyr alle sshoanst od ow itthh eev iiln flicbtyce adr ryoiunatg n honorapbulnei shmoerr netv enngoejt,u swti tthh peo otrr eatomfew notm ebny m en. Furtheramc oaruet,i otnaaluresy u ailnlvyo lsvoemse thtihnaogtn ec oulhda vdeo nteo prevtehnbeta do utcobmueIt, n ewsas innoceHnotw.c oulsdh eh avper evenhteerd fatPee?r hasphsce o ulnde vhearv lee tfhthe o usbeu,mt o rree alistsihcceao lullnydo, t avohiedfr a tweh,i clhe audss t oc oncludteh intsho avtei sn/a o d rym oraelx emplum. Especiwahlelwnye v ietwh set oiryn l igohftt h vea riBoaurso qcuoem plexaintddi ie­s chotomwieea sr,le e tdo t hceo nclutshiatothn is st oirysi ntentdose edr lviet epruarr­y poseastl eaasstm ucha ss ocioanle sM.o reovtehre,ir sea dditieovniadleo nfct eh e purelliyt emroatriyvo efts h set obryy t hree markaabrlteid sitsitca anncdie r osnuyf ­ fusetdh rougihtotsue tl ling. If onet aktehsse t oaryn di tisn troduscetcotraiysoa nw holoen,ei si mmedi­ atesltyr ubcykw hacta no nlbye d escriabsae n da rratolforgaimceawwloo rrkt ohfy, ande verne miniscDeonntQ uoijfo,tC oen.s itdheoerp ening deosfct rhtieip mtoeif o n day":AI au ltibmoar dae s uj ornadiabp ao rl acsr istaelsifneearlsra usb icuAnpdool o, recogiseunsdfl oa mfgeros pcoarlb laelglyaoacrs o ns uc arrcoe rcdae olc cidente, pardaa rI ugaas ru m udabhleer maa nva i siItata ire r.r.a." ( 14Y5l)l.ed rias misses thiflso ripdr osaest haotfa triviiamla gneo,t iCnegrv antbeusr'lse soqftu hese t yle withioumtp lyainnysg i misluacrph a roodnyt hpea rotfZ ayaIsti. s h artdo s awyi th certabiunittyt ,s eemmso sutn liktehlaaytn yofnaem ilwiiatQrhu ijoftaem'oslu isn e, "Apenhaasb eflar ubicuAnpdool. o.. " 2(2:12 ,) co,u ledv earg atiank teh ree ference serioeuvselwnyi ,t haiw ne ll-decfionnevde;n tliiotneagrlea nryr Ael.s por evailnte hnits stoarnyd i tsg enraen,da lsior onibzyCe edrv antiests h,ie n sisttehnawcthe a itsr e­ portheedr iest hpel auinnv arnishetdr utThh.en arrasteotursp a d ichotboemtyw een truatnhdg osstihple,a totfew rh icihsm uchm orep opul"adre:s engyad iieacrvi err ­ dadeess thao yt amna la plaudpiodrpo a,g artsoed moass d eI al isobnijevane stqiudea deI av erddaeds nu.d.a;. m ase sot ienleanns o vedaqdueesa ,u nquneos eamnu y sabrotsoadsog,su stdaenc omerl(a1s4" 5B)utt.h weo mewnh on arractael,l" edde ­ sengaiiad(o1ra4sw5"i) ls,lp eaokn ltyr ut"hd:i cievnedrod adneohs a,yq uet emer, puepsu edepno nefra letnal oh ablatdaon,et nov erscoo moe np rosmaa;s e nI a mismvae rdnaodp uedhea befaltra ,c omol od ijCor isntuoe,s tSrenoo cru,a nddioj o: 'svie rdoasdd ig.o. ".'( 146T)he.t r uotfhC hriSsutc?a hn e xaggeriasit nidoene d wortohfty h Qeu ijo"tbea:sq tuaee nI an arracdiee6 ln sneos alugnap untdoeI av er­ dad("1 1,:1 9)I.ti ss impnloypt o ssitbotl aeks eu cahs sertaitfo ancvsea lcuoen sider­ inngo otn ltyh eiinrh eriernotbn yye xaggerbautatil ostnoh ehiirg hilnyfl ecltietde rary context. Furthernmootar leol,f U sisg'use shtsa vceo met ob ei nstrutchteheyad v;e comefo mra nrye aso"nusn:oa sI af amdae l ah ermoessac laqvuaey, as eh abtfraa ns­ formaednos enoyro at,r opso,rI ah ermosduerl aad sa macso nvidapdoasrg, o zdaer lan oveda.d ("1 45I)nf .ac tth,ea yr ed,e sppirtoet esttaott hiceoo nnst raat ryyp,i - . .