Artisans IN THE North Carolina Backcountry This page intentionally left blank Artisans IN THE North Carolina Backcountry JOHANNA MILLER LEWIS THE UNIVERSITY PRESS OF KENTUCKY Copyright©1995byTheUniversityPressofKentucky Scholarlypublisherfor theCommonwealth, servingBellarmineCollege,BereaCollege,Centre CollegeofKentucky,EasternKentuckyUniversity, TheFilsonClub,GeorgetownCollege,Kentucky HistoricalSociety,KentuckyStateUniversity, MoreheadStateUniversity,MurrayStateUniversity, NorthernKentuckyUniversity,TransylvaniaUniversity, UniversityofKentucky,UniversityofLouisville, andWesternKentuckyUniversity. EditorialandSalesOffices:Lexington,Kentucky40508-4008 LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Lewis,JohannaMiller,1961- ArtisansintheNorthCarolinabackcountry/ JohannaMillerLewis. p. cm. Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN:978-0-8131-5609-5 1.Materialculture-NorthCarolina-RowanCounty-History-18th century. 2.Artisans-NorthCarolina-RowanCounty-History-18th century.3.RowanCounty(N.C.)-Sociallifeandcustoms. I.Title. F262.R8L44 1995 975.6'71-dc20 94-43855 Thisbookisprintedonacid-freepapermeeting therequirementsoftheAmericanNationalStandard forPermanenceofPaperforPrintedLibraryMaterials. This page intentionally left blank Contents ListofTables ix Acknowledgments xi Introduction 1 1 ArtisansandtheBackcountry 5 2 TheEarlyHistoryandSettlementofRowanCounty 17 3 TheDevelopmentofRowanCounty,1753-1759 34 4 TheCommercialDevelopmentofRowanCounty, 1759-1770 58 5 MoravianArtisansontheWachoviaTract,1759-1770 77 6 WomenArtisansinRowanCounty 94 7 Artisans,theRegulatorCrisis,andPoliticsinRowanCounty 113 AppendixA AndrewKremser'sIndenture 139 Appendix B Edward Hughes's Last Meeting with the Moravians 141 AppendixC DefinitionsofCraftsmenandTerms 142 Appendix D MoravianArtisans on the Wachovia Tract, 1753-1770 144 AppendixE RowanCountyArtisans,1753-1770 146 AppendixF RoadBuildinginRowanCount)',1753-1770 153 AppendixG CourtAccountofRobertJohnstonandHisCow 154 Notes 155 Bibliography 178 Index 191 Illustrationsfollow page76 This page intentionally left blank Tables 1 ArtisansinEarlyRowanCountySettlements 25 2 ApprenticesinRowanCounty,1753-1770 45 3 RowanCountyArtisans in1759 55 4 RowanCountyArtisans in1770 74 5 WomenArtisans in RowanCounty 98 6 RowanCountyArtisans Involved inthe RegulatorCrisis 125 7 ArtisanArrival Dates in RowanCounty 126 8 Rowan CountyArtisans who Served asConstables, 1753-1770 133