DOE/CE/23810-107 (JMC/ARTI-9909F - RDB9934) ARTI REFRIGERANT DATABASE DATA SUMMARIES - VOLUME 3: TOXICITY AND COMPATIBILITY September 1999 prepared by James M. Calm Engineering Consultant 10887 Woodleaf Lane Great Falls, VA 22066-3003 USA for the Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Technology Institute 4301 North Fairfax Drive, Suite 425 Arlington, VA 22203 USA This report is one of a series for the Materials Compatibility and Lubricant Research (MCLR) Program, under ARTI contract number 671-50000 for grant number DE-FG02-91CE23810 from the U.S. Department of Energy. Page ii Please refer questions or comments on this document to: James M. Calm Engineering Consultant 10887 Woodleaf Lane Great Falls, VA 22066-3003 USA e-mail: [email protected] telephone: 703/450-4313 telefax: 707/516-0552 Glenn C. Hourahan Vice President Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Technology Institute 4301 North Fairfax Drive, Suite 425 Arlington, VA 22203 USA e-mail: [email protected] telephone: 703/524-8800 telefax: 703/522-2349 Neither James M. Calm, the Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Technology Institute (ARTI), nor any person acting on behalf of them: (a) makes any warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, material, method, or process disclosed in this document or that such use may not infringe privately owned rights; or (b) assumes any liabilities with respect to use of, or damages resulting from use of, any information, apparatus, material, method, or process disclosed in this document. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorse- ment, recommendation, or favoring. All product and brand names referenced by ™, (TM), ®, or (R) are trademarks or registered trademarks, respectively, of their owners. Page iii TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................1 Purpose ...................................................................................................................................1 Contents ..................................................................................................................................1 Limitations ................................................................................................................................2 Database Form ........................................................................................................................2 Computerized Version .....................................................................................................3 Report Version .................................................................................................................4 Documents ......................................................................................................................4 Ordering Information ................................................................................................................5 Additions ...................................................................................................................................5 ARTI REFRIGERANT DATABASE - DATA SUMMARIES .............................................................7 TOXICITY ........................................................................................................................................7 R-11, R-12, R-22, R-23, R-32, R-113, R-114, R-115, R-123, R-124, R-125, R-134a, R-141b, R-225ca and R-225cb, R-290 (propane), R-600 (n-butane), R-717 (ammonia), R-744 (carbon dioxide), R-E134 (bis(difluoromethyl) ether)...........................see ed. note on page 8 COMPATIBILITY- ELASTOMERS ................................................................................................63 polyisoprene with sulfur cure ..................................................................................................65 polyisoprene with sulfur cure and carbon fill ..........................................................................67 polyisoprene with vulcanization cure .....................................................................................69 polychloroprene ......................................................................................................................71 polychloroprene with carbon fill ..............................................................................................73 butyl rubber, 0.7% unsaturated with sulfur cure ....................................................................75 butyl rubber, 2.2% unsaturated with sulfur cure ....................................................................77 filled butyl rubber, 2.2% unsaturated with sulfur cure ............................................................79 Page iv bromobutyl rubber .................................................................................................81 bromobutyl rubber with carbon fill ..........................................................................83 chlorobutyl rubber .................................................................................................85 chlorobutyl rubber with carbon fill ..........................................................................87 styrene butadiene rubber with 23.5% styrene ........................................................89 styrene butadiene rubber with 23.5% styrene, carbon fill .......................................91 styrene butadiene rubber (medium styrene content) .............................................93 styrene butadiene rubber (high styrene content) ...................................................95 nitrile rubber, very high ACN content .....................................................................97 nitrile rubber, high ACN content ............................................................................99 nitrile rubber, medium ACN content .....................................................................101 nitrile rubber, low ACN content ............................................................................103 nitrile rubber, low ACN content with carbon fill ....................................................105 nitrile rubber, very high ACN content with carbon fill ...........................................107 hydrogenated nitrile rubber, 38% ACN ................................................................109 hydrogenated nitrile rubber, 38% ACN with carbon black ....................................111 hydrogenated nitrile rubber, 45% ACN ................................................................113 hydrogenated nitrile rubber, 45% ACN with carbon black ....................................115 fluoroelastomer ...................................................................................................117 fluoroelastomer ...................................................................................................119 fluoroelastomer ...................................................................................................121 fluoroelastomer with carbon black .......................................................................123 fluorinated-chlorinated rubber ..............................................................................125 fluorinated-chlorinated rubber ..............................................................................127 fluorinated-chlorinated rubber with carbon black .................................................129 epichlorohydrin based rubber ..............................................................................131 epichlorohydrin based rubber with carbon black ..................................................133 epichlorohydrin based rubber ..............................................................................135 epichlorohydrin based rubber with carbon black ..................................................137 EPDM / polypropylene thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) ........................................139 EPDM / polypropylene thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) ........................................141 EPDM / polypropylene thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) ........................................143 nitrile / polypropylene thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) ..........................................145 nitrile / polypropylene thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) ..........................................147 copolyester thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) .........................................................149 copolyester thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) .........................................................151 polysulfide rubber ................................................................................................153 polysulfide rubber with carbon fill ........................................................................155 polysulfide rubber ................................................................................................157 polyurethane .......................................................................................................159 polyurethane .......................................................................................................161 polyurethane with carbon fill ................................................................................163 ethylene propylene rubber with carbon fill ...........................................................165 chlorinated polyethylene with carbon fill ..............................................................167 ethylene propylene diene rubber with carbon fill ..................................................169 ethylene propylene diene monomer/ butyl thermoplastic elastomer .....................171 filled chloroprene .................................................................................................173 nitrile encapsulated nonasbestos material ...........................................................175 neoprene..............................................................................................................177 Page v COMPATIBILITY - PLASTICS ...............................................................................................179 polyphthalamide (PPA) ................................................................................................181 acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene terpolymer (ABS) .........................................................183 acetal [polyacetal] (POM) .............................................................................................184 phenolic .......................................................................................................................185 polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) .....................................................................................187 polycarbonate (PC) ......................................................................................................188 modified polyphenylene oxide (PPO)............................................................................189 polypropylene (PP) ......................................................................................................190 polyaryl sulfone [polyethersulphone] (PES) ..................................................................191 polyethylene terephthalate (PET) .................................................................................192 polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) ........................................................................................194 polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).....................................................................................196 polyamide-imide, high strength (PAI) ...........................................................................197 polyamide-imide, 12% graphite (PAI) ...........................................................................199 polyetherimide (PEI) ....................................................................................................200 modified polyetherimide (PEI) ......................................................................................202 polyaryletherketone (PAEK) .........................................................................................204 polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) .................................................................................206 polyimide-DF (PI) .........................................................................................................208 polyimide-DF-ISO (PI) .................................................................................................210 poly(aryl ether ether ketone) (PEEK) ...........................................................................211 liquid crystal polymer (LCP) .........................................................................................212 polyamide nylon 6/6 (PA) .............................................................................................213 Page vi Page 1 Introduction This report provides data summaries from the ARTI Refrigerant Database. Volumes 1 and 2 present refrigerant profiles for single-compound refrigerants and refrigerant profiles, respec- tively. Volume 3 presents data summaries for compatibility and toxicity. They are part of a se- ries to provide a record of the database entries in printed form. Purpose The Refrigerant Database is an information system on alternative refrigerants, associated lu- bricants, and their use in air conditioning and refrigeration. It consolidates and facilitates access to property, compatibility, environmental, safety, application, and other information. It provides corresponding information on older refrigerants, to assist manufacturers and those using alternative refrigerants to make comparisons and determine differences. The underlying purpose is to accelerate phase out of chemical compounds of environmental concern. Contents The database identifies sources of specific information on R-22, R-23, R-32, R-41, R-116, R- 123, R-124, R-125, R-134, R-134a, R-141b, R-142b, R-143a, R-152a, R-218, R-227ea, R- 236fa, R-245ca, R-245fa, R-290 (propane), R-C318, R-717 (ammonia), R-718 (water), R-744 (carbon dioxide), R-1270 (propylene), ethers, and others as well as azeotropic and zeotropic blends of these fluids. These blends include R-400, R-401A, R-401B, R-401C, R-402A, R- 402B, R-403A, R-403B, R-404A, R-405A, R-406A, R-407A, R-407B, R-407C, R-407D, R-408A, R-409A, R-409B, R-410A, R-410B, R-411A, R-411B, R-412A, R-413A, R-414A, R-414B, R-415A, R-416A, R-500, R-501, R-502, R-503, R-504, R-505, R-506, R-507A, R-508A, R-508B, R-509A, and others for which information is available even though standard designa- tions may not have been assigned yet. It addresses lubricants including alkylbenzene, polyal- kylene glycol, polyolester, and other synthetics as well as mineral oils. It also references documents addressing compatibility of refrigerants and lubricants with metals, plastics, elas- tomers, motor insulation, and other materials used in refrigerant circuits. The database provides bibliographic citations and abstracts for publications that may be useful in research and design of air-conditioning and refrigeration equipment. The complete docu- Page 2 ments are not included, though some may be added at a later date. Incomplete citations or abstracts are provided for some documents. They are included to accelerate availability of the information and will be completed or replaced in future updates. Limitations The Refrigerant Database is intended as a means to assist users in locating sources of infor- mation on alternative refrigerants. But, the database is: • neither a comprehensive nor authoritative reference source, • not a substitute for independent data collection by users, • not a substitute for examination of the data, information on how they were arrived at, assumptions, and caveats in the cited documents, and • not an endorsement of suitability or accuracy of the referenced publications. The information in the database was obtained from published and unpublished sources, or calculated from them, without verification. Some of the data may be imprecise or incorrect, as manifested - in some cases - by inclusion of conflicting data based on disagreement among identified sources. Similarly, errors may have occurred in assembling and processing the da- tabase. Users are cautioned to check the data and associated limitations and caveats in the referenced documents and other sources before use, particularly if such use might risk harm to life or property. Newer or more complete data may be available from refrigerant suppliers or elsewhere. Materials compatibility, properties, safety considerations, and other characteristics affecting suitability or desirability may be influenced by a number of factors. Among them are specific application conditions, preparation such as drying before use, additives including fillers, impu- rities, catalytic interactions with other materials used, and changes in compounding between one source or batch and another. Similarly, new findings or corrections may supersede previ- ously published data. The database is an aid in locating data that may be pertinent; it is not and should not be viewed as the source of data for research, design, analysis, or other purposes. Database Form The database is available in both computerized ("electronic") and report ("manual" or "listing") versions. Page 3 Computerized Version The computerized version includes both data summaries and bibliographic citations organized into a number of segments ("files"). These segments can be searched individually or together, in any combination. The computerized database provides 606 specially-prepared data summaries, including refrig- erant (single compound and blend) profiles, tabular compatibility summaries for plastics and Distribution of the Refrigerant Database computerized report documents (diskette) (listing) (copies) data summaries • refrigerant profiles yes no a • compatibility yes no a • toxicity yes no a bibliographic citations and synopses (detailed abstracts) • recently added and key yes yes a • copper supplement b yes b a • archival and historical yes no a search and retrieval software yes c no no additions and changes flagged no yes no distributed on cost-recovery basis • subscription (periodic updates) yes yes no • as ordered no yes yes d a Data summaries, citations, and synopses may be printed with the computer- ized version. b The Copper Development Association (CDA) sponsored supplement provides additional citations and synopses, most of which address compatibility with or use of copper in air-conditioning and refrigeration systems. The supplement is included and searchable with the computerized version, but published as a separate report. c Use of the search and retrieval software is subject to acceptance of the license agreement for it; both accompany the computerized version. d Distribution is limited to documents in the public domain or for which authori- zation has been obtained. Others may be ordered from their publishers, which are identified in the bibliographic citations. Page 4 elastomers, and toxicity reviews for refrigerants. The refrigerant profiles cover designations, common uses, chemical and trade names, other identifiers, molecular mass, critical properties (pressure, temperature, specific volume, and density at the critical point), physical and thermo- physical properties for selected conditions, safety classifications, toxicity and flammability data, exposure limits, atmospheric lifetime, ozone depletion potential, global warming potential, halogen global warming potential, commercialization, phaseout, and other data. The computerized version also provides more than 6,100 citations. They are organized into a primary file that includes recently added and key references, a supplement on copper in air conditioning and refrigeration, and an archival group covering historical and superseded documents. The search and retrieval software provided with the computerized version enables very fast searches for user-selected terms or combinations of terms. The search program offers several automated features to simplify use. They include optional prompting by search category, an automated "thesaurus" of synonyms and related terms, chain searches to broaden or narrow prior searches, a "wildcard" capability to allow entry of word segments, and a configuration ca- pability to customize a number of options. The program also allows printing of selected portions of the database. Printing the entire database would yield more than 8,000 pages, so a printed version is available for those who prefer to use the database manually. Report Version A listing of the recent and key citations is provided in report form. The citations are grouped under the primary or first subject addressed; they are not cross-referenced under other topics. The computerized version, therefore, is better suited to search for information by subject. Citations and summaries from the supplement on copper in air conditioning and refrigeration are published separately. They also are arranged by subject. Archival and historic citations are included in a third report. They are presented in reverse chronological order, beginning with the most recent. These citations remain accessible through the computerized version. Documents The database also includes a collection of published and unpublished documents, copies of which can be ordered individually. Approximately one third of the documents cited in the data- base are included in this collection. They include documents that are not protected by copyright or proprietary restrictions. They also include documents for which the authors or copyright owners granted permission for reproduction and distribution. Documents that are not dis-