ARTHUR JENSEN Consensus and Controversy Essays in Honour of Arthur Jensen Falmer International Master-Minds Challenged Psychology Series Editors: Drs Sohan and Celia Modgil 1 Lawrence Kohlberg: Consensus and Controversy 2 Hans Eysenck: Consensus and Controversy 3 Noam Chomsky: Consensus and Controversy 4 Arthur Jensen: Consensus and Controversy 5 B.F.Skinner: Consensus and Controversy ARTHUR JENSEN Consensus and Controversy EDITED BY Sohan Modgil, Ph.D. Reader in Educational Research and Development Brighton Polytechnic AND Celia Modgil, Ph.D. Senior Lecturer in Educational Psychology London University CONCLUDING CHAPTER BY Arthur R.Jensen University of California, Berkeley The Falmer Press (A Member of the Taylor & Francis Group) New York Philadelphia and London USA The Falmer Press, Taylor & Francis Inc., 242 Cherry Street, Philadelphia, PA 19106–1906 UK The Falmer Press, Falmer House, Barcombe, Lewes, East Sussex, BN8 5DL © Selection and editorial material copyright Sohan and Celia Modgil 1987 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. First published in 1987 This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2005. “To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.” Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Main entry under title: Arthur Jensen: consensus and controversy. (Falmer international masterminds challenged; 4) Contents: General introduction/Julian Stanley— Human learning/Philip Vernon and Lazar Stankov— Genetics of Human abilities/Robert Plomin, Oscar Kempthorne, and Thomas Bouchard—[etc.]. 1. Intelligence tests. 2. Educational tests and measurements. 3. Test bias. 4. Learning ability. 5. Intelligence tests—Social aspects. 6. Jensen, Arthur Robert. I. Modgil, Sohan. II. Modgil, Celia. III. Series. BF431.A5895 1986 155.8′2 86–14931 ISBN 0-203-97584-7 Master e-book ISBN ISBN 1-85000-093-X (Print Edition) Jacket design by Caroline Archer Contributors Dr Sohan Modgil and Dr Celia Modgil Brighton Polytechnic University of London Professor Julian Stanley The Johns Hopkins University Professor Philip A.Vernon Professor Lazar Stankov University of Western Ontario University of Sydney Professor Robert Plomin Professor Thomas Bouchard, Jr University of Colorado University of Minnesota Professor Robert Gordon Dr Janice Scheuneman The Johns Hopkins University Educational Testing Service Princeton Professor Lorrie Shepard Professor Steven Osterlind University of Colorado University of Missouri-Columbia Professor Robert Nichols Professor James Flynn State University of New York University of Otago Professor Robert Sternberg Yale University Dr Christopher Brand Professor James Pellegrino University of Edinburgh University of California Santa Barbara Professor Hans Eysenck Professor John Carroll University of London North Carolina University at Chapel Hill Professor Peter Schönemann Purdue University Professor Carl Bereiter Ontario Institute for Studies in Education Dr William Havender Berkeley USA Professor Arthur Jensen University of California Berkeley Acknowledgment The undertaking of, this Falmer International Master-Minds Challenged Psychology Series was only possible in collaboration with the numerous distinguished contributors herein. We are greatly indebted to them for demonstrating their trust by accepting our invitation to join forces to provide statements of how Jensen’s theory is seen in relation to particular disciplines. The volume has been greatly enhanced by the recognition given to it by Arthur Jensen, who increased our confidence in the project by kindly agreeing to write the concluding chapter. We thank Professor Jensen for his very kind and generous support and for his edifying contribution to the content. We are further grateful to Falmer Press, a member of the Taylor & Francis group. We express our very sincere gratitude to Malcolm Clarkson, Managing Director, Falmer Press. Sohan and Celia Modgil December 1985 Contents I INTRODUCTION 1 Arthur Jensen: Consensus and Controversy 2 Sohan and Celia Modgil II INTRODUCTORY CHAPTER 2 Introductory Chapter 6 Julian C.Stanley III HUMAN LEARNING: LEVEL I/II THEORY 3 Level I and Level II Revisited 19 Philip A.Vernon 4 Level I/Level II: A Theory Ready to Be Archived 28 Lazar Stankov INTERCHANGE Vernon replies to Stankov 44 Stankov replies to Vernon 45 IV GENETICS OF HUMAN ABILITIES 5 Genetics of Intelligence 47 Robert Plomin 6 The Hereditarian Research Program: Triumphs and 63 Tribulations Thomas Bouchard, Jr INTERCHANGE Plomin replies to Bouchard 83 Bouchard replies to Plomin 84 V TEST BIAS: PSYCHOLOGICAL viii 7 Jensen’s Contributions Concerning Test Bias: A Contextual 89 View Robert A.Gordon 8 An Argument Opposing Jensen on Test Bias: The 184 Psychological Aspects Janice Dowd Scheuneman INTERCHANGE Gordon replies to Scheuneman 203 Scheuneman replies to Gordon 206 VI TEST BIAS: EDUCATIONAL 9 The Case for Bias in Tests of Achievement and Scholastic 210 Aptitude Lorrie A.Shepard 10 Psychometric Validity for Test Bias in the Work of Arthur 227 Jensen Steven Osterlind INTERCHANGE Shepard replies to Osterlind 236 Osterlind replies to Shepard 241 FURTHER INTERCHANGES Gordon replies to Shepard 242 Gordon replies to Osterlind 244 Scheuneman replies to Osterlind 247 Osterlind replies to Gordon 249 Osterlind replies to Scheuneman 250 VII SOCIAL-CLASS AND RACE DIFFERENCES 11 Racial Differences in Intelligence 253 Robert C.Nichols 12 Race and IQ; Jensen’s Case Refuted 262 James Flynn INTERCHANGE Nichols replies to Flynn 276 ix Flynn replies to Nichols 277 VIII INTELLIGENCE: AN OVERVIEW 13 ‘Gee, There’s More Than g!’ A Critique of Arthur Jensen’s 281 Views on Intelligence Robert Sternberg IX INTELLIGENCE 14 The Importance of General Intelligence 297 Christopher Brand 15 Measuring Versus Understanding Individual Differences in 316 Cognitive Abilities James Pellegrino INTERCHANGE Brand replies to Pellegrino 329 Pellegrino replies to Brand 335 X INTELLIGENCE: MENTAL CHRONOMETRY 16 Intelligence and Reaction Time: The Contribution of Arthur 337 Jensen Hans Eysenck 17 Jensen’s Mental Chronometry: Some Comments and 350 Questions John B.Carroll INTERCHANGE Eysenck replies to Carroll 363 Carroll replies to Eysenck 365 XI INTELLIGENCE: DEFINING THROUGH FACTOR ANALYSIS 18 Jensen’s g: Outmoded Theories and Unconquered Frontiers 368 Peter H.Schönemann XII EDUCATIONAL AND SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS 19 Jensen and Educational Differences 386 Carl Bereiter 20 Educational and Social Implications 397 William R.Havender