Embedded / Cyber-Physical Systems ARTEMIS Major Challenges: 2014-2020 2013 DRAFT Addendum to the ARTEMIS-SRA 2011 December 2013 Embedded/ Cyber-Physical Systems ARTEMIS Major Challenges: 2014-2020 2013 DRAFT Addendum to the ARTEMIS-SRA 2011 Editor: Laila Gide Embedded/ Cyber-Physical Systems ARTEMIS Major Challenges: 2014-2020 2013 DRAFT Addendum to the ARTEMIS-SRA 2011 December 2013 5 Contents Executive Summary 7 1 Introduction 17 2 The ARTEMIS Way 19 3 Embedded systems economic and societal challenges 20 3.1 Economic challenges 20 3.2 Societal challenges as opportunities 22 3.3 Economical and Societal Challenges driving Applications Contexts 23 3.3.1 Efficient, autonomous and Safe Mobility 23 3.3.2 Wellbeing and health 32 3.3.3 Sustainable Production 33 3.3.4 Smart Communities 38 4 The ARTEMIS Vision and ambition 45 5 ARTEMIS Innovation Strategy and Research Road-map 49 5.1 Innovation strategy 49 5.2 Strategy implementation 50 5.2.1 The Matrix approach 51 5.2.2 ARTEMIS MATRIX 2.0 50 5.2.3 Strategic Research challenges 52 5.3 Roadmap implementation 62 5.3.1 Innovative Cyber-Physical Systems roadmap 62 6 Innovation environment context – Make it Happen 71 6.1 ARTEMIS Innovation 71 6.2 The Programmes 72 6.2.1 The ARTEMIS Sub-Programmes 72 6.2.2 The ARTEMIS Innovation Pilot Programme 72 6.2.3 KETs/ multiKETS 73 6.3 Real-Life experiments in Living Labs 73 6.4 Centres of Innovation Excellence 74 6.5 SME Integration 75 6.6 Collaborative Innovation 75 6.7 Standards 75 6.8 Education 75 6.9 Tool platforms 76 6.10 ARTEMIS Repository 77 6.11 KIC EIT ICT LABs 77 6.12 Relationship with relevant PPPs 77 6.13 International Dimension 78 7 ANNEX 1: Research Topics Table 80 8 Annex 2: SafeTrans Research Areas Roadmap 95 Embedded/ Cyber-Physical Systems ARTEMIS Major Challenges: 2014-2020 2013 DRAFT Addendum to the ARTEMIS-SRA 2011 December 2013 7 Executive Summary AN OPPORTUNITY FOR EUROPE Today Europe faces a number of Grand Challenges arising from inverted demographic curves, the constantly increased demands for non-renewable natural resources, the climate change and the constant expectations for improved quality of life, where the modern European social welfare model and its sustainability are threaten. It is nowadays widely recognized that Embedded Systems technology is a crucial key enabling technology that forms the basis for the development of many innovative products and services in highly developed economies. They control almost all types of products with electronic devices, from a dishwasher to a building, from an electric drive to a production line, from a dashboard to a car. They enable new functionalities which differentiate these systems from earlier solutions and, thus, are a foundation of European industrial products saving and creating millions of jobs in a highly competitive international market. From the available data, there is almost no application area or business sector, in which Embedded Systems have no direct or indirect impact on. Markets trend analysis for different application areas indicates that in the last decades the Embedded Systems market has been growing faster than the traditional computing market: - Approximately 2% of the sold microprocessors are used for IT and PC and 98% for the embedded systems such as cars, trains, medical devices, airplanes, household devices, traffic management systems, in mobile devices etc.. - Every year more than 3 billion Embedded Systems are integrated in the devices and other systems for a total market of about €160 billion1. In their report2 IDC estimates that “……the embedded system and semiconductor value chain is about $7.8 billion in 2010, and should grow at a compound annual growth rate of 7.6% over the next 5 years. By 2015, the overall value of these specific areas will reach $11.8 billion”. IDC also points out that for embedded software… “the price of the chip is being defined primarily by the value of the software”. In addition to the market opportunities, the economical and societal challenges shaping the Embedded Systems scene include the necessity to: > increase the R&D investments3 in Europe in order not to loose its present leading position, > consider the impact of the new Internet economy, and the “rise of the Embedded Internet”4 > take advantage of the strong demand arising from the young generation to remain and stay connected to their communities “the Always Connected Society”. 1 Bitkom. Eingebettete Systeme – Ein strategisches Wachstumsfeld für Deutschland Anwendungsbeispiele, Zahlen und Trends. 2 IDC Report: Intelligent Systems- Next big opportunities. 3 ITEA ARTEMIS-IA High Level Vision 2030: Opportunities for Europe, The impact of software innovation on revenue and jobs 4 Intel white paper : the Rise of the Embedded Internet 8 Embedded/ Cyber-Physical Systems ARTEMIS Major Challenges: 2014-2020 2013 DRAFT Addendum to the ARTEMIS-SRA 2011 December 2013 ARTEMIS Vision The ARTEMIS Vision developed in the ARTEMIS SRA in 2006 is to “nurture the ambition to strengthen the European position in Embedded Intelligence and Systems and to ensure its achievement of world-class leadership in this area by establishing an environment that supports innovation, stimulating the emergence of a new supply industry and avoiding fragmentation of investments in R&D”. The present document is an addendum to the still valid SRA 2011 sizing the opportunity to update it by taking into account new trends and evolution of technology, of industry and of society, with the same ambition to deliver an overarching agenda that inspires research policies makers in Europe and their work-programmes, mainly: the Embedded and Cyber-Physical Systems sub-programme of ECSEL JU the new Joint Undertaking, the EC H2020 work-programmes, the multi-national Eureka clusters ITEA3 and CATRENE programmes, as well as the national and regional research programmes. The ARTEMIS 2006 vision is still valid, and since then a lot has been achieved: ARTEMIS has proved to be a unique programme that succeeded in few years to set the largest R&D projects in the area of Embedded Systems for safety- critical, high reliability systems that addressed main societal challenges such as mobility and transport, aging society, manufacturing processes, efficient building, and energy management. In 2011 Vision, ARTEMIS SRA stipulates that ‘In a world in which all systems, machines and objects become smart, have a presence in cyber-physical space, exploit the digital information and services around them, communicate with each other, with the environment and with people, and manage their resources autonomously, the ubiquity of the Embedded Systems, with their present and forecasted evolution, will have more and more impact’. But Embedded Systems/ Cyber-Physical Systems are now entering a new era, as the societal and economical challenges are not only of high industrial relevance for the European growth, jobs and added-value creation, value chain and eco-systems strengthening, but also as the technological responses have a strong impact on society and are shaping it. The response to grand societal challenges5 such as aging population, healthcare, energy, food and water supply, sustainable mobility and transport, highly depends on such large and open networks of Embedded Systems. These Embedded Systems networks are now forming an invisible ‘neural network of society’ driving innovation on the level of society rather than that of a single industry. From an Internet perspective, these trends are leading to the Internet-of-Things where billions of Embedded Systems are providing information about and interacting with the physical world that can be used in all kind of information systems. From the Embedded Systems/Cyber-Physical Systems perspective, this opens new opportunities in collaboration and control with access to the big data in information systems. This leads to the new area of Cyber-physical Systems (CPS) where the networked embedded systems are considered an integral part of their physical surroundings opening new opportunities for powerful software systems. This enables new embedded system services by integration with services of the information systems infrastructure. Internet-of-things, and consequently the Things of the Internet, and Cyber-physical Systems are complementary directions which together will help to shape a society where humans and machines increasingly interact to provide services and solutions to the benefit of society that are unthinkable with the present state-of- the-art technology. 5 ITEA ARTEMIS-IA High Level Vision 2030: Opportunities for Europe, The impact of software innovation on revenue and jobs Embedded/ Cyber-Physical Systems ARTEMIS Major Challenges: 2014-2020 2013 DRAFT Addendum to the ARTEMIS-SRA 2011 December 2013 9 ARTEMIS Priority Targets Unlike the mainstream semiconductors’ field that is governed by the relative stable Moore’s law, research and innovation in the Embedded Systems/Cyber-Physical Systems (ES/CPS) field follow a push-pull iterative cycle to respond to user’s needs, creating new products and services by: > Exploiting the ever growing potential offered by the miniaturisation, > Harnessing the complexity and matching the physical and cyber world, > Seeking the grail of greater and better performance, of functional and non functional properties, such as the ease of use expected from the users, the reduction of time to market of new products and services,… but also energy consumption, autonomy, dependability, security, etc… In order to address the challenge of reducing/ overcoming the fragmentation R&D investment, ARTEMIS Strategic Agendas targeted a selected number of industrial research priorities in order to reach critical mass and make the best use the available resources (human and financial) and to reinforce Europe potential and keep its advances. For the coming period (2014-2020), the following priority targets are selected to guide the Embedded Systems/ Cyber-Physical Systems R&D programmes with the purpose of having greater impact and quick to markets results: > Exploiting the ubiquity of the Embedded Systems/Cyber-Physical Systems, that goes far beyond that anticipated, where embedded applications are surfacing (emerging). Embedded Systems are now linking to the physical world (cyber-physical systems) and share all kind of networks (including Internet) and components in configurations whose conceptual structure have to map to their physical structure, with increased secure quality of services. > Exploiting the connectivity of the networked Embedded Systems/Cyber-Physical Systems, as the neural system of society that should no longer be only considered in isolated application contexts but in relation to what they can offer for addressing today’s and tomorrow’s societal challenges. > Optimising the factor Technology Time to Market/Technology Time on Market, that is continuously increasing and affecting new markets and products. Indeed, the development cycles optimisation and the ‘cooperation speed’ to transfer from basic research (academia) to applied research (Academia and public research institutes) and to industrial research (Large industry, OEM’s and Supply chains and SME’s) is a great challenge. > Mastering the complexity while reducing the cost and increasing the performance is a key challenge: The exponential potential increase brought by the semi-conductors miniaturisation is creating great opportunities, and necessitating equivalent investment in the Embedded Systems in order to leverage the exploitation of the new potentials. Ensuring a correct and secure collective and autonomous behaviour of the heterogeneous interconnected elements will be at the core of the challenge. It will encompass a multi-disciplinary approach, various levels of tooling and methodologies. > Reducing and managing the energy and power consumption cost. Power is now the major limiting factor in all computing elements. For data servers and HPC, the cost of the electricity bill and the capacity of cooling limit the capacity of the data centers. For mobile devices, autonomy is limited by the power consumption and even for cars this translates in non-negligible levels of CO emission. For smart 2 sensors, leveraging the energy of the environment (scavenging) or long autonomy on small batteries is mandatory. 10 Embedded/ Cyber-Physical Systems ARTEMIS Major Challenges: 2014-2020 2013 DRAFT Addendum to the ARTEMIS-SRA 2011 December 2013 ARTEMIS Innovation Strategy ARTEMIS innovation strategy is three folds to respond to the societal challenges and to reach the set of targets described above: > Building on the leading positions where Europe is strong, in specific technologies and in various application domains, particularly for the safety critical high reliability real-time secure applications in the field of automotive, aeronautics, space, health and production sectors. > Complement by creating new opportunities for Europe to be positioned at the forefront of new or emerging markets with high potential growth rates to become among the world leaders in these domains and particularly target process industries, smart cities, energy generation and distribution, energy efficient buildings, environmental, food and agriculture. > Making a tentative comeback on the smart devices to challenge the US and Asian actors, to reposition the European leadership. The original ARTEMIS Industrial Priorities aim to achieve multi-domain compatibility and interoperability. In the 2011 update to the ARTEMIS Strategic Research Agenda, this strategy was taken further: the societal challenges are used to structure the inherent technological issues into a concrete research and innovation strategy spanning multiple application contexts, with results that will benefit both society and the economy. Opening new applications contexts is also part of ARTEMIS Innovation Strategy to involve new actors from activities. Smart Cities, Environment and Agriculture, Food, etc … are amongst these new areas where ES/CPS are a determinant factor in their growth. The ARTEMIS way is illustrated in the following figure: Fig 1.The ARTEMIS WAY Societal Challenges are the key drivers for innovation in the application domains, being products or services. For a significant number of Application Contexts, the ARTEMIS SRA addendum develops the expected evolution, the market trends and the arising technological needs and expectation from the Embedded Systems/Cyber-Physical Systems: > Efficient, autonomous and Safe Mobility, including: automotive, aeronautics, rail, space, and also public transport, ships and waterborne, as well as multi-modal transport. > Wellbeing and health, including: Care everywhere, home care, hospital care, heuristic healthcare and assisted living.