An IKII1 Introduction Mathematics to : ••:•:• •:•:•:•:•: . •::•:•: :••;:•::•:•: V.'. . -.•.-. Digitized by the Internet Archive 2012 in http://archive.org/details/arithmeticintrodOOIayl ARITHMETIC: An Introduction to Mathematics A series of mathematics texts under the editorship of CARL ALLENDOERFER B. Modern Mathematics: An Introduction by Samuel I. Altwerger Basic Mathematics Review: Text and Workbook by James A. Cooley Fundamentals of College Algebra by William H. Durfee Theory and Solution of Ordinary Differential Equations by Donald Greenspan Introduction to Mathematical Statistics by Robert V. Hogg and Alien T. Craig Applied Boolean Algebra: An Elementary Introduction by Franz E. Hohn Arithmetic: An Introduction to Mathematics by L. Clark Lay ARITHMETIC: An Introduction to Mathematics CLARK LAY by L. Orange County State College THE MACMILLAN COMPANY New York ©L. Clark Lay 1961 — All rights reserved no part of this book may be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the publisher, except by a reviewer who wishes to quote brief passages in connection with a review written for inclusion in magazine or newspaper. First Printing Library of Congress catalog card number: 61-5230 The Macmillan Company, New York Brett-Macmillan Ltd., Gait, Ontario Printed in the United States of America © Preliminary edition 1960 by L. Clark Lay TO MY PARENTS