A R I S T O P H A N ES A C H A R N I A NS EDITED WITH INTRODUCTION AND COMMENTARY BY S. DOUGLAS OLSON OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS OXFORD UNiviiim PUSS Great Clarendon Street, Oxford, 0x2 6DP Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide in Oxford New York Auckland Bangkok Buenos Aires Cape Town Chennai Dar es Salaam Delhi Hong Kong Istanbul Karachi Kolkata Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Mumbai Nairobi Sao Paulo Shanghai Taipei Tokyo Toronto Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and certain other countries Published in the United States by Oxford University Press Inc., New York C S. Douglas Olson 2002 The moral rights of the author have been asserted Database right Oxford University Press (maker) First published 2002 First published in paperback 2004 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above You must not circulate this book in any other binding or cover and you must impose the same condition on any acquirer British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Aristophanes Ac ham tans / Aristophanes; edited with introduction and commentary by S. Douglas Olson p. cm. Text in Greek; commentaries in English. Includes bibliographical references and indexes. 1. Greece—History—Pcloponnesian War, 431-404 B.C.—Drama. 2. Peasantry. Drama. I. Olson, S. Douglas. II. Title. PA3875 .A6 2002 R8i\oi-dc2i 2002010758 ISBN 0-10-814195-5 (hbk) ISBN 0-10-027586-6 (pbk) 1 3 5 79 10 8 6 42 Typeset in Imprint and Porson by Regent Typesetting, I^ondon Printed in Great Britain on acid-free paper by Biddies Ltd., Kings Lynn, Norfolk CONTENTS ABBREVIATIONS AND BIBLIOGRAPHY XUi INTRODUCTION I Aristophanes xxvii II Historical Background xxxi III Kleon, Babylonians, and the Political Argument of the Play xl IV Mythological and Literary Background Hi V Division of Parts, Costume and Props, and Staging Ixiii VI Dialects Ixx VII The Text lxxv METRICAL SYMBOLS C SIGLA CI HYPOTHESES I DRAMATIS PERSONAE 5 TEXT 7 COMMENTARY 61 ADDENDA TO THE PAPERBACK EDITION 366 GREEK INDEX 367 GENERAL INDEX ABBREVIATIONS AND BIBLIOGRAPHY I abbreviate the names of ancient authors as in LSJ, except that I use Ή/ for Homer and 'Bacch.' for Bacchylides. My numbering of fragments follows Bernabe for epic; PMGF for Alkman, Stesichoros, and Ibykos; PMG's continuous numbering for other lyric poets; Voigt for Sappho and Alkaios; IEG2 for elegy and iam- bos except Hipponax, for whom I cite Degani; Maehler for Pindar and Bacchylides; Diels-Kranz10 for the Presocratic philosophers; TrGF for Aeschylus, Sophocles, and minor or unidentified tragic poets; Nauck* for Euripides, except where indicated otherwise; Kaibel for Epicharmos, Sophron and Rhinthon; PCG for all other comic poets, including fragmenta adespota; Olson-Sens for Archestratos and Matro; Rose3 for Aristotle; Wehrli for other rep­ resentatives of Aristotle's school; Fortenbaugh for Theophrastos; Pfeiffer for Callimachus; Gow for Macho; and CA and SH for other late classical and Hellenistic poets. For epigrams, I give equivalent numbers in HE, GPh or FGE wherever possible. I cite t Aesop from the edition of Perry; Erotian from Nachmanson; the Et.Gud. from Sturz; the EM from Gaisford; the Ep.Hom. from Dyck; Galen from Kuhn; Gregory of Corinth from Schaefer; Harpokration from Keaney; Hippocrates from Littre; Hesychius α-o from Latte; Hesychius rr-ω from Schmidt; Menander's sub­ stantially preserved plays from Sandbach; Moeris from Hansen; Orion from Sturz; Oros from Alpers; the parcemiographers from Leutsch-Schneidewin; Photios α-μ from Theodoridis; Photios ν-ω from Porson; Phrynichus' Ekloge from Fischer; Phrynichus' Praeparatio Sophistica from de Borries; Pollux from Bethe; Stephanos of Byzantion from Meineke; and the Suda from Adler. I have Hellenized all but a handful of names, mostly of poets, and thus print 'Kratinos' rather than 'Cratinus' but Aeschylus' rather than 'Aischylos'; complete consistency in this regard seems to me unnecessary and perhaps not even desirable. I refer to editions of Acharnians and commentaries on it, as well as to standard commentaries on other ancient texts, by the editor's or XIV ABBREVIATIONS AND BIBLIOGRAPHY commentator's name only. I have made use of commentaries on Achamians by P. Elmsley (1830), A. Mueller (1863), W. Ribbeck (1864), F. H. M. Blaydes (1887), W. C. Green (1892), W. W. Merry (1901), J. van Leeuwen (1901), C. E. Graves (1905), W. J. M. Starkie (1909), W. Rennie (1909), B, B. Rogers (1910), R. T. Elliott (1914), C. F. Russo (1953), G. Mastromarco (1983), and A. H. Sommerstein (1980). I abbreviate periodicals as in L*Annie philologique, except that I use KAJF instead of KAJPh\ 'CF instead of *CPh\ 'HSCF instead of *HSCPh\ ΎΑΡΑ' instead of *TAPhA\ and 'YCS' instead of * YCIS\ I refer to the following books and articles by the author's or editor's last name or abbreviated name only, with a date or abbreviated title added where ambiguity is possible, or simply by an abbreviated title: AAAD W. D, E. Coulson et al. (eds.), The Archaeology of Athens and Attica under the Democracy (Oxbow Monographs 37: Oxford, 1994) AAS C. F. Russo, Aristophanes: An Author for the Stage (London, 1994; orig. pub. in Italian in 1962) Amyx D. A. Amyx, 'The Attic Stelai: Part ΙΙΓ, Hesperia 27 (1958) 163-310 Anderson J. K. Anderson, Military Theory and Practice in the Age of Xenophon (Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1970) Athenian Religion R. Parker, Athenian Religion: A History (Oxford, 1996) Bailey C. Bailey, 4Who played Dicaeopolis*, in Greek Poetry and Life (Festschrift Gilbert Murray: Oxford, 1936) 231-40 Bain D. Bain, Actors and Audience: A Study of Asides and Related Conventions in Greek Drama (Oxford, 1977) Beavis I. C. Beavis, Insects and Other Invertebrates in Classical Antiquity (Exeter, 1988) Bechtel F. Bechtel, Die Gnechischen Dialekte (3 vols.: Berlin, 1921-4) ABBREVIATIONS AND BIBLIOGRAPHY XV Beobachtungen E. Fraenkel, Beobachtungen zu Aristophanes (Rome, 1962) Bers V. Bers, Greek Poetic Syntax in the Classical Age (Yale Classical Monographs 5: New Haven and London, 1984) Bjorck G. Bjorck, Das Alpha Impurum und die tragische Kunstsprache (Acta Societatis Litterarum Humaniorum Regiae Upsaliensis 39. 1: Uppsala, 1950) Blum H. Blum, Purpur als Statussymbol in der griechischen Welt (Antiquitas, Reihe 1, Abhandlungen zur alten Geschichte, Band 47: Bonn, 1998) Blumner H. Blumner, Technologie und Terminologie der Getverbe und Kiinste bei Griechen und Romemz (4 vols.: Leipzig and Berlin, 1912) Boegehold A. L. Boegehold, The Athenian Agora, xxviii: The Lawcourts at Athens (Princeton, 1995) Boule P. J. Rhodes, The Athenian Boule (Oxford, 1972) Bowie A. M. Bowie, 'The Parabasis in Aristophanes: Prolegomenon, Acharnians\ CQ NS 32 (1982) 27-40 CA see Powell Camp J. M. Camp, The Athenian Agora (New Aspects of Antiquity: London, 1986) Cary E. Cary, 'The Manuscript Tradition of the Acharnenses\ HSCP 18 (1907) 157-211 P. A. Hansen (ed.)» Carmina Epigraphica CEG Graeca (Texte und Kommentare, Band 12: Berlin and New· York, 1983) C. Austin (ed.), Comicorum Graecorum CGFPR Fragmenta in Papyris Reperta (Berlin and New York, 1973) J. Chadwick, Lexicographica Graeca: Chadwick Contributions to the Lexicography of Ancient Greek (Oxford, 1996) Collard, Cropp, C. Collard, M. J. Cropp, and Κ. Η. Lee and Lee (eds.), Euripides: Selected Fragmentary Plays, i (Warminster, 1995) XVI ABBREVIATIONS AND BIBLIOGRAPHY Colvin S. Colvin, Dialect in Aristophanes and the Politics of Language in Ancient Greek Literature (Oxford Classical Monographs: Oxford, 1999) Crows D. Goodwin, Crows of the World1 (Bury St Edmunds, 1986) DAA A. E. Raubitschek, Dedications from the Athenian Acropolis (Cambridge, Mass., 1949) Dale A. M. Dale, Collected Papers (Cambridge, 1969) Davidson A, Davidson, Mediterranean Seafood2 (Baton Rouge, 1981) Davies J. K. Davies, Athenian Propertied Families 600-300 B.C. (Oxford, 1971) Davies and M. Davies and J- Kithirithamby, Greek Kithirithamby Insects (New York and Oxford, 1986) de Ste Croix G. Ε. M. de Ste Croix, The Origins of the Peloponnesian War (London, 1972) Deubner L. Deubner, Attische Feste (Berlin, 1932) DFA A. Pickard-Cambridge, The Dramatic Festivals of Athens2 (rev. J. Gould and D. M. Lewis) (Oxford, 1968) Dickey E. Dickey, Greek Forms of Address from Herodotus to Lucian (Oxford Classical Monographs: Oxford, 1996) Dover, EGPS K. J. Dover, The Evolution of Greek Prose Style (Oxford, 1997) Dover, G&G Greek and the Greeks: Collected Papers^ i (Oxford and New York, 1987) Dover, G&L The Greeks and their Legacy: Collected Papers, ii (Oxford and New York, 1988) Dover, GH Greek Homosexuality (Cambridge, Mass., 1989) Dover, GPM Greek Popular Morality in the Time of Plato and Aristotle (Oxford, 1974) DTC2 A. Pickard-Cambridge, Dithyramb, Tragedy, and Comedy2 (rev. Τ. Β. L. Webster) (Oxford, 1962) Eberline Ε. Ν. Eberline, Studies in the Manuscript Tradition of the Ranae of A ristophanes ABBREVIATIONS AND BIBLIOGRAPHY XVli (Beitrage zur klassischen Philologie, Heft 119; Meisen am Glan, 1908) Edmunds L. Edmunds, 'Aristophanes' Acharnians\ YCS 26 (1980) 1-41 Edwards A, T. Edwards, 'Aristophanes' Comic Poetics: ΤΡΥΞ, Scatology, ΣΚΩΜΜΑ\ ΤΑΡΑ ΐ2ΐ (1991) 157-79 Ehrenberg V. Ehrenberg, The People of Aristophanes: A Sociology of Old Attic Comedy (London and New York, 1943) FGE D. L. Page (ed.), Further Greek Epigrams (Cambridge, 1981) Foley H. P. Foley, 'Tragedy and Politics in Aristophanes* Acharnians\ JHS 108 (1988) 33-47 Food J. Wilkins, D. Harvey, and M. Dobson (eds.), Food in Antiquity (Exeter, 1995) Forbes R. J. Forbes, Studies in Ancient Technology2 (9 vols.: Leiden, 1964) FRA M. J. Osborne and S. G. Byrne, The Foreign Residents of Athens (Studia Hellenistica 33: Leuven,1996) Gabrielsen V. Gabrielsen, Financing the Athenian Fleet: Public Taxation and Social Relations (Baltimore and London, 1994) Gil Fernandez L. Gil Fernandez, Nombres de Insectos en Griego Antiguo (Manuales y Anejos de 'Emerita* XVIII: Madrid, 1959) Ginouves R. Ginouves, Balaneutike: Recherches sur le bain dans Vantiquite grecque (Paris, 1962) Goodwin W. W. Goodwin, Syntax of the Moods and Tenses of the Greek Verb* (Boston, 1890) GP J· D. Denniston, The Greek Particles2 (rev. K. J. Dover) (Oxford, 1950) GPh A. S. F. Gow and D. L. Page (eds.). The Greek Anthology: The Garland of Philip (Cambridge, 1968) Habash M. Habash, Two Complementary Festivals in Aristophanes' Acharnians\ AJP 116 (1995)559-77 XVlil ABBREVIATIONS AND BIBLIOGRAPHY Hall E. Hall, Inventing the Barbarian: Greek Self- Definition through Tragedy (New York and Oxford, 1989) Halliwell S. Halliwell, 'The Sounds of the Voice in Old Comedy\ in Ε. Μ. Craik (ed.), 'Owls to Athens* (Festschrift K. J. Dover: Oxford, 1990)69-79 Hame! D. Hamel, Athenian Generals {Mnemosyne Suppl. 182: Leiden, 1998) Hamilton R. Hamilton, Choes and Anthesteria: Athenian Iconography and Ritual (Ann Arbor, 1992) Hansen (1983) Μ. Η. Hansen, The Athenian Ecclesia (Copenhagen, 1983) Hansen (1987) The Athenian Assembly in the Age of Demosthenes (Blackwell's Classical Studies: Oxford and New York, 1987) Hanson (1989) V. D. Hanson, The Western Way of War: Infantry Battle in Classical Greece (New York, 1989) Hanson (1991) (ed.), Hoplites: The Classical Greek Battle Experience (London and New York, 1991) Hanson (1998) Warfare and Agriculture in Classical Greece2· (Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London,1998) Harrison A. R. W. Harrison, The Law of Athens (2 vols.: Oxford, 1968, 1971) HCT A. W. Gomme, A. Andrewes, and K. J. Dover, A Historical Commentary on Thucydides (5 vols.: Oxford, 1945-81) HE A. S. F. Gow and D. L. Page (eds.), The Greek Anthology: Hellenistic Epigrams (Cambridge, 1965) Heath M. Heath, 'Aristophanes and the Discourse of Politics*, in G. W. Dobrov (ed.), The City as Comedy (Chapel Hill and London, 1997) 230-49 Horn W. Horn, Gebet und Gebetsparodie in den Komodien des Aristophanes (Erlanger Beitriige zur Sprach- und Kunstwissenschaft,