CHANGE OF MEANING ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH BORROWINGS WORDS IN SEPUTAR INDONESIA NEWSPAPER PUBLISHED ON DECEMBER 27th, 2009 A Thesis Submitted to Letters and Humanities Faculty in Partial to fulfillment of the Requirements for the Strata 1 Degree ARIF BUDI WINARTO NO. 106026000962 ENGLISH LETTERS DEPARTMENT LETTERS AND HUMANITIES FACULTY STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY “SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH” JAKARTA 1432 H / 2011 M DECLARATION I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and that, to the best of my knowledge and belief, it contains no material previously published or written by another person nor material which to a substantial extent has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma of the university or the other institute of higher learning, except where due acknowledgment has been made in text. Jakarta, February 1st,2011 Arif Budi Winarto iv LEGALIZATION Name : Arif Budi Winarto NIM : 106026000962 Title : Change Of Meaning Analysis Of English Borrowing Words in Seputar Indonesia Newspaper Published on December 27th, 2009 The thesis has been defended before the Faculty Letters and Humanities’ Examination Committee on February 1, 2011. It has been accepted as a partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of strata one. Jakarta, February 1, 2011 The Examination Committee Signature Date 1. Drs. Asep Saefuddin, M.Pd (Chair Person) 19640710 199303 1 600 2. Elve Oktafiyani, M. Hum (Secretary) 19781003 200112 2 002 3. Moh. Supardi, M.Hum (Advisor) 4. Maria Ulfa, M.A.,M.Hum. (Examiner I) 5. Elve Oktafiyani, M. Hum (Examiner II) 19781003 200112 2 002 ABSTRACT Arif Budi Winarto, Change of Meaning Analysis of English Borrowings in Seputar Indonesia Newspaper published on December 27th, 2009. Thesis: English Letters Department, Letters and Humanities Faculty, State Islamic University (UIN) Syarif Hidayatullah, Jakarta, 2011. This research is aimed to know the English borrowing words in Indonesian language in an Indonesian newspaper, Seputar Indonesia published on December 27th, 2009. The important purpose in this research is to know the change of meanings of the borrowing words from English into Indonesian language in newspaper. The writer uses descriptive qualitative method, to describe and analyze the meanings of the English borrowing words in Indonesian language that have extension, narrowing, and the same meanings. This research also explains the types of words such as loanwords, loan blends, and loan shift. To support the analysis, the writer uses some dictionaries, namely Oxford Learners Dictionary (1995), Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (1988), and Kamus Kata Serapan Asing dalam Bahasa Indonesia (2003). The writer uses some theories of the change of meaning and borrowing. Finally, the writer finds forty five words from the newspaper. The borrowing words from English in Indonesian printing newspaper have change of meaning namely extension, narrowing, same meaning and most of them are loan blend, five loanwords they are duel, mode, model, target, and survey and no loan shift. On the other hand, the change of meaning does not have regeneration and degeneration. i ACKNOWLEDGMENTS All praise to be Allah SWT. The Lord of world, the King who has authority of all creation in the whole world. The real’s writer’s guide, who amazingly guides him in the process of making this thesis. Peace and blessing be upon the most honorable prophet and Messenger Muhammad SAW, his families, companions, and followers. This thesis presented to English Letter Department at Adab and Humanities Faculty State Islamic University “Syarif Hidayatullah” Jakarta as a partial fulfillment of the requirements for Degree of Strata One (S1). Consequently, the writer also thanks to the following people: 1. Dr.H.Abdul Wahid Hasyim, M. Ag, the Dean of Adab and Humanities Faculty Jakarta Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University. 2. Drs. A. Asep Saefudin, M.Pd, as Head of English Letters Department. 3. Elve Oktafiyani, M.Hum, the secretary of English Letters Department. 4. Mr. Moh.Supardi, M.Pd, the supervisor, for his time, guidance, patient, kindness, and contribution in correcting and help him to finish this research. Without his guidance this thesis is never completed. 5. All lecturers of English Letters Department who can’t be mentioned one by one “thanks for teaching precious knowledge and wonderful experiences during the study”. 6. For the examiner, Mrs. Elve Oktafiyani, M.Hum. and Mrs. Maria Ulfa, M.A., M.Hum. v 7. All the staffs of Library Center of UIN Jakarta, American Corner Library, FAH UIN Library,and PKKBB Atma Jaya University who help him to get many references to finish this thesis. 8. In this best opportunity, the writer wants to say thanks to his beloved parent Suyanto and Rakinah who always give the writer prayer and motivation. He also thanks to his beloved brothers: Mukti, Bagus, Panji, Moko who have advised him and gave motivation in finishing this thesis. 9. All his friends at the campus, may Allah blesses and gives the greatest award for them. 10. All his futsal and travelling friends. 11. For Miss. Serenade and Miss. Los Galacticos great thanks for all you have given to me. You make my world so colorful, I never had it before, thank you for all the love you gave to me. 12. All members of HMI Ciputat, especially HMI KOFAH 13. All members of BEM Fakultas Adab dan Humaniora periode 2010-2011 14. All members of English Letters Department families 15. All members of My “angkatan 2006” friends. Jakarta, February 1, 2011 The Writer vi TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT …………………………………………………………………………….. i APPROVEMENT ……………………………………………………………………… ii LEGALIZATION …….………………………………………………………………… iii DECLARATION………………………………………………………………………... iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENT …………………………………………………………… v TABLE OF CONTENTS………………………………………………………………. . vii CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION A. Background of the study…………………………………………. 1 B. Focus of the study………………………………………………… 5 C. Research Question………………………………………………... 5 D. Objective of the study…………………………………………….. 5 E. Significance of the study………………………………………….. 5 F. Research Methodology……………………………………………. 6 I. Research Method………………………………………………… 6 II. Instrument of research…………………………………………. 6 III. Technique data analysis……………………………………….. 6 G. Unit Analysis………………………………………………………. 7 H. Time and Place of analysis………………………………………... 7 CHAPTER II : THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK A. Language…………………………………………………………... 8 vii vii B. Meaning……………………………………………………………. 9 C. Change of Meaning………………………………………………...10 D. Terminology………………………………………………………..13 E. Borrowing…………………………………………………………..18 CHAPTER III : RESEARCH FINDING A. Description of the Data…………………………………………….21 B. Analysis of the Data……………………………………………….23 I. Extension of Meaning…………………………………………….23 II. Narrowing of Meaning…………………………………………..27 III. Same of Meaning……………………………………………….31 CHAPTER IV : CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS A. Conclusions…………………………………………………………70 B. Suggestion…………………………………………………………..71 BIBLIOGRAPHY ………………………………………………………………………..72 viii vii CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION A. Background of the study Humans are created as social-creatures who need each others. From those principles, humans do a communication process in which there are interaction between speakers and listeners to deliver information. This process cannot be separated from the role of language. Language is medium which is used by humans to interact and communicate. Language is dynamic from time to time, it always occurs some changes in vocabularies, words and grammatical.1 According to Harimurti kridalaksana, language is a sound system of signals which is agreed to use by part of group in certain society to cooperate, communicate, and identify them self.2 As human communication equipment, language is developed by systemic aspects; it means language not only a single- system but also consists of several sub-systems, phonology, morphology sub- system, syntax sub-system, and semantic sub-system.3 Briefly, Ronald Wardaugh says that “A very basic observation is that each language contains two systems rather than one, a system of sound and a system of meaning. Only certain sounds used by speakers are possible”.4 1 Abdul Chaer dan Leoni Agustina, Sosiolinguistik Perkenalan Awal (Jakarta: PT. Rineka Cipta, 2004), p. 13 2 Kushartanti,et al., Pesona Bahasa:Langkah Awal Memahami Linguistik (Jakarta: PT. Gramedia Pustaka Utama, 2005), p. 3 3 Abdul Chaer, Linguistik Umum (Jakarta: PT.Rineka Cipta, 2007), p. 4 4 Ronald Wardaugh, Introduction to Linguistic (USA: McGrow-Hill, inc, 1972), p. 4 1 2 Language has meaning and a meaning can change, because language has dynamic characteristic. A change of meaning happens because of time and place in certain districts or countries which urge the change of meaning. In meaning, changes result from language contact, from cultural development requiring new vocabulary, and from reshaping existing meanings.5 Synchronically, meaning of word does not change, but in diachronically it enables to change. It means, in a very short period meaning of a word is same, it does not change, but in a long periods it enables to change.6 The words which are borrowed from foreign language will get the change of meaning based on time and place. Language is able to change from time to time refers to socio-cultural of society users.7 Every nation has their own language. Indonesian has a hundreds of region-language which is united by national language. Bahasa Indonesia is an identity of Indonesians. Furthermore, it cannot relieve from foreign culture acculturation which can be seen in language varieties, arts, and thoughts. The varieties of Indonesian language are influenced by borrowing-words which are borrowed from English, because English is considered as international language. As the result, the Indonesian language was influenced by English and nowadays it becomes usual in our country to borrow their language. Furthermore, the Indonesian language much undergoes the change and growth both utterances and meanings. In some fields, Indonesian language is widening to follow up the growth of knowledge significantly. Because of that, one 5 Ronald Wardaugh, Introduction to Linguistic (USA: McGrow-Hill, inc, 1972), p. 185 6 Abdul Chaer, Linguistik Umum, (Jakarta: PT. Rineka Cipta, 1994), pp. 310-311 7 Abdul Chaer (2007), op.cit, p. 12