Joonas Jõevee ArchiCAD template for architectural offices Enhancing workflow at JLL Finland Helsinki Metropolia University of Applied Sciences Civil Engineering Sustainable Building Engineering 28 April 2017 Abstract Author Joonas Jõevee Title Number of Pages 40 pages + 1 appendix Date 28 April 2017 Degree Bachelor of Engineering Degree Programme Civil Engineering Specialisation option Sustainable Building Engineering Instructor Eric Pollock, Senior Lecturer The goal of this thesis was to create an improved starting template for ArchiCAD 20. The template was to enhance the productivity of an architectural office and make modelling com- patible with COBIM 2012 requirements. The project was carried out in three phases. First, information on best modelling practices was gathered from online sources and COBIM 2012 guidelines. Second, designers and en- gineers were interviewed to create the template according to their needs. The final phase was modifying the modelling tools within ArchiCAD to finish the template. The final result was a new starting template that underwent a testing period. During the testing period a few errors were found and fixed, a critical program failure was reported to Graphisoft and a wide variety of recommendations for further modifications were made. The ArchiCAD template turned out to be successful, promising to be useful in day-to-day work of an architectural office. Future modifications and upgrades seem plausible and the template will undergo further modifications. Keywords ArchiCAD, template, architectural office Contents 1 Introduction 1 2 Theory for computer modelling 2 2.1 Building Information Modelling 2 2.2 ArchiCAD 2 2.3 Rakennustieto 5 2.4 BuildingSMART 6 3 Creation of a template 8 3.1 Wall tool 10 3.2 Door tool 13 3.3 Window tool 18 3.4 Pillar tool 20 3.5 Column tool 22 3.6 Slab tool 22 3.7 Stair tool 24 3.8 Roof window tool 26 3.9 Curtain wall tool 26 3.10 Tool for common objects 27 3.11 Zone tool 27 3.12 Mesh tool 29 3.13 Changes in 2D drafting tools and general settings 30 4 Result and feedback 33 5 Discussion 36 6 Conclusion 38 References 39 Appendix 1. Muotolevy 1 1 Introduction The goal of this thesis is to create a template for ArchiCAD 20 that would be more intuitive to use than the earlier versions, and one that would enhance the productivity of architec- tural offices. It is also vital that the user interface directs designers towards modelling with greater emphasis on making the architectural models truly intelligent, following the modelling guidelines set by Common BIM Requirements 2012 (COBIM 2012). At the moment, modelling is not done to its full potential, making it almost impossible to consider the output of ArchiCAD as a Building Information Model (BIM). Due to the com- plexity of the program, designers tend to use parametric modelling tools, that are three dimensional (3D), and two dimensional (2D) drafting tools together. The result is a mixed model that is half 3D and half 2D, making further simulations and quantity take offs im- practical if not impossible. Improper 3D models also add to the workload of 3D visuali- zation teams, causing further costs to clients or cutting profit margins for the company providing architectural services. However, most complexity issues can be addressed by proper planning by the BIM manager and by setting company standards for the use of ArchiCAD tools. The scope of this thesis is to give specific parameters to the modelling tools in ArchiCAD toolbox. The modelling tools are modified, parameters added and minor tweaks made to a number of other settings within ArchiCAD. The non-modelling tools modified are the layout views, pen sets, the 2D line tool and the tool for creating sections. This thesis is based on experience and research into ArchiCAD that was made for JLL Finland. 2 2 Theory for computer modelling The thesis aims at resolving issues of modelling practices in ArchiCAD and some back- ground knowledge is needed. The theoretical background looks into three key items af- fecting the making of a good ArchiCAD starting template. These are the rules and guide- lines set by Building Smarts COBIM 2012, the use of RT building information cards and the use of modelling software, ArchiCAD. Chapter 2 provides an overview of the history and use of the key items. For clarification purposes, the chapter begins with a description of BIM. 2.1 Building Information Modelling Building Information Modelling is a process that results in a digital representation of a physical place and its function. The aim is to digitally construct the project at hand to find out problems that might emerge, like clashes and structural faults, before committing to the project in reality. The final output is a model that contains as much information as possible to be used in decision making, simulations and the creation of construction plans. Currently, BIM models are mostly used in the construction industry, but they are also generating interest in the service industry. [1.] 2.2 ArchiCAD ArchiCAD is a computer software used in the construction industry by designers, engi- neers and contractors. It is considered as one of the leading BIM programmes on the market with a long history going back 30 years [2]. ArchiCAD is owned by a Hungarian company called Graphisoft. The development of ArchiCAD started in 1982 and the first working version was released in 1984. [3.] Ar- chiCAD is recognized as the first computer aided drafting (CAD) program for personal computers that was able to create 2D drawings and 3D geometry [4]. In 1987 the com- pany launched ArchiCAD 3.0 which incorporated the company’s new concept of “Virtual Building”. Virtual Building added colour information to the regular 2D and 3D drawings, setting the trend for CAD programs to move towards BIM. [3.] 3 The latest version on the market is ArchiCAD, used in this project. One of the key changes from ArchiCAD 19 to 20 was the way Favourite Settings are displayed. The new user interface is designed to streamline the workflow by making it more intuitive to use. [5.] ArchiCAD was chosen for this project because the customer, JLL Finland, uses Ar- chiCAD in their architectural department. Furthermore, this final year project is not the first step in customising ArchiCAD at JLL Finland. Prior work has been put into making a custom template for the company. The JLL template is further customized in this thesis. Use of ArchiCAD Designing and modelling in ArchiCAD should be done with correct modelling tools. There are tools for different building elements, like walls and stairs. For further detail work, 2D drafting tools, like lines and markers, can be used. For the scope of this thesis only the tools and settings affecting the creation of the new ArchiCAD template are looked into. They are the toolbox menu, which holds various modelling tools, and the favourite set- tings tab. For instructions on how to use ArchiCAD in general, the first part of Rai Sandips 2016 thesis “Design of single family house using BIM software” is recommended [6]. Toolbox The toolbox is a menu bar that gives access to the most frequently used tools in the program. Due to the complexity of design work, the number of tools has to be rather high, making quick-mapping tools to keyboard shortcuts far too complicated. This is resolved by having a handy toolbox with almost everything needed for modelling. Figure 1 below shows what the toolbox looks like in two different configurations. Because the majority of JLL Finland architects use the Finnish version of ArchiCAD, all following screen shots taken from ArchiCAD have Finnish texts. 4 Figure 1. ArchiCAD toolbox views. On the left, the toolbox is set to display not only the drawings but also the names of the buttons. This is good for people new to ArchiCAD or new to the latest version. On the right, the same toolbox is displayed in a minimized version, without names, to have more room in the workspace area. In both display styles, the buttons are made out of line drawings for scaling purposes [7]. Favourite Settings In architecture there are standard materials and elements that are commonly used in the construction field. The standard materials and elements can vary from country to country and even from company to company. To achieve a higher efficiency during drafting phase, ArchiCAD has a Favourite Settings capability. The Favourite Settings store re- quired information about the materials and elements for later use, removing the need to 5 specify all of the needed parameters again. In figure 2 below, a specific window has been selected from a stored list of favourite windows. The window now has information about the dimensions, materials used and other vital characteristics. Figure 2. Favourite Settings quick window. Displaying windows. The quick box for Favourite Settings is a new feature added in ArchiCAD 20 and it is to be the backbone of the template for JLL Finland. 2.3 Rakennustieto Rakennustieto (RT) is a Finnish company with a mission to establish good building prac- tices. RT has a vast library on building materials, elements and instructions for construc- tion used in Finland. It has collected information on a variety of topics related to con- struction since 1942. The first instructions were officially released to help Finland rebuild after the damages caused by the Second World War. The instructions are referred to as information cards. [8.] For this paper, RT was a source of information on commonly used construction materials and objects, such as doors and windows. RT has information cards for almost all of the commonly used wall, floor, foundation and roof structures. 6 Use of Rakennustieto building information cards The construction industry is highly regulated and it is impractical to try to memorize the vast amount of information architects and engineers needs. To store and access infor- mation on regulations and building elements, RT has building information cards with charts and guides. RT building information cards are used daily to look up information as needed. Figure 3. Part of RT card on partition walls. [9.] Figure 3 shows a specifics sheet displaying a partition wall with information about the different building material layers listed. The code for this specific wall, RT VS 601, is based on Talo2000 nomenclature [9]. 2.4 BuildingSMART BuildingSMART is an international organization with a goal to improve the way various computer programs in the construction industry interact. Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) was developed by BuildingSMART to have a neutral and open source computer 7 language that would be understood by most programmes used in the construction indus- try. The IFC computer language is constantly improved by BuildingSMART and the users of various programs around the world. [10.] BuildingSMART started in 1994 when Autodesk invited a group of 12 US based compa- nies to develop a set of C++ classifications to support integrated application develop- ment. The following year the first functioning classification system was published and the company, known as the International Alliance for Interoperability (IAI), opened its mem- bership for all interested parties. In 1997 they registered as a non-profit organization focused on creating a neutral language, the IFC. The company name was changed to BuildingSMART in 2008. [11.] BuildingSMART has several branches around the world and the Finnish branch is of interest to this thesis [12]. The Finnish BuildingSMART has released a set of instructions in 2012 called COBIM 2012 which serve as guidelines for the ArchiCAD template being created and set good modelling practices to follow. Use of BuildingSMART COBIM 2012 guidelines and requirements The COBIM 2012 requirements introduce a number of crucial factors to modelling in a proper way to make BIM models more efficient. For the purpose of this thesis and the template that is made, COBIM 2012 series 1 to 3 and series 7 are taken into considera- tion. Series 1 deals with general modelling rules, setting guidelines to how BIM software should be used. In the series 2, COBIM 2012 takes a more in depth look at the starting situation of a model. Series 3 is specialized in architectural models and the requirements specific to an architect’s work. In series 7, quantity take-offs are discussed and specifi- cations made. [13.] The most important thing to remember from series 1 is the proper use of layers. The layering may differ from that of traditional CAD drafting software, and currently there is no industry standard methodology to naming the layers. Therefore it is important to doc- ument the layering methodology used in a BIM specifications file and in the tender doc- uments [14]. This thesis and the template created use the Talo2000 layer system. From the second series of COBIM 2012, the JLL Finland template incorporates the BIM specifications file. A BIM specifications file is a written document that keeps track of how