Springer Theses Recognizing Outstanding Ph.D. Research Wei Wang Archean-Mesoproterozoic Crustal Evolution and Crust-Mantle Geodynamics of Western Liaoning-Northeastern Hebei Provinces, North China Craton Springer Theses Recognizing Outstanding Ph.D. Research Aims and Scope The series “Springer Theses” brings together a selection of the very best Ph.D. theses from around the world and across the physical sciences. Nominated and endorsed by two recognized specialists, each published volume has been selected foritsscientificexcellenceandthehighimpactofitscontentsforthepertinentfield of research. For greater accessibility to non-specialists, the published versions includeanextendedintroduction,aswellasaforewordbythestudent’ssupervisor explainingthespecialrelevanceoftheworkforthefield.Asawhole,theserieswill provide a valuable resource both for newcomers to the research fields described, and for other scientists seeking detailed background information on special questions. 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More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/8790 Wei Wang Archean-Mesoproterozoic Crustal Evolution and Crust-Mantle Geodynamics of Western Liaoning-Northeastern Hebei Provinces, North China Craton Doctoral Thesis accepted by Peking University, School of Earth and Space Sciences; Beijing, China 123 Author Supervisor Dr. Wei Wang Prof. ShuwenLiu Schoolof EarthSciences andResources Schoolof EarthandSpace Sciences ChinaUniversity of Geosciences (Beijing) PekingUniversity Beijing Beijing China China ISSN 2190-5053 ISSN 2190-5061 (electronic) SpringerTheses ISBN978-981-10-7921-4 ISBN978-981-10-7922-1 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7922-1 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2017962983 ©SpringerNatureSingaporePteLtd.2018 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpart of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission orinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilar methodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. 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Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:152BeachRoad,#21-01/04GatewayEast,Singapore189721,Singapore To my family ’ Supervisor s Foreword TheNorthChinaCraton(NCC)isoneoftheoldestcratonsintheworld,recording complex Precambrian geological events dating back to *3.8 Ga. It provides a naturallaboratory tostudytheformationandevolutionofcontinentalcrustaswell asgeodynamicevolutionthroughoutalmostallthePrecambrianperiod.Duringthe past two decades, great achievements have been obtained in terms of discovery of early Archean geological records, sequences of early Precambrian geological events, crustal growth and evolution, and reconstruction of Paleoproterozoic tec- tonicframework.Thoughitiswidelyacceptedthatthiscratonwasconsolidatedby severalseparateblocks,thenumberanddivisionoftheseblocksaswellastimingof finalamalgamation remainhotlydebated.Whilesome researchers proposethat the NCCwasformedbycollisionbetweentheEasternBlockandWesternBlockalong the Trans-North China Orogen at *1.85 Ga, others advocate a *2.5 Ga cra- tonization event. These controversies are largely resulted from the lack of knowl- edgeabout(1)thenatureofArcheanbasementterranesandcomparativestudiesof different terranes; (2) thegenesis and tectonicattributes of late Paleoproterozoic to Mesoproterozoic tectono-magmatic events; and (3) the formation and evolution of Precambrian lithospheric mantle and crust-mantle interactions, which essentially controlled the crustal formation and evolution history. The metamorphic basement terranes of Western Liaoning-Northeastern Hebei provinces are located at the northern margin of North China Craton, i.e., the northwestern part of Eastern Block. They comprise well-exposed Archean base- mentrocks,andlatePaleoproterozoictomid-Mesoproterozoicmagmaticrocks,and are ideal to study the prolonged Precambrian evolution of continental crust and relatedcrust-mantlegeodynamicprocessesofNCC.Theseformthejustificationof Dr. Wei Wang’s doctoral research work. Detailed geological, petrological, whole-rock geochemical, and zircon U–Pb and Lu–Hf isotopic data are provided for the Archean metavolcanic rocks of greenstone belt and granitoid gneisses in Western Liaoning, the late Paleoproterozoic Jianping diorite–monzonite–syenite suiteandPingguK-richvolcanicrocks,andthenewlydiscovered*1.23Gamafic dykeswarms.Thesedataareusedtoconstrain(1)themagmasourceandgenesisof each magmatic episode; (2) growth and evolution of continental crust, and vii viii Supervisor’sForeword crust-mantleinteractionsateachtectono-magmaticepisode;and(3)thelithospheric mantle evolution and crust-mantle geodynamic evolution from Archean to Mesoproterozoic. A series of new and innovative achievements were obtained in this doctoral thesis: (1) the *2640–2534 Ma metavolcanic rocks in Western Liaoning show geochemical affinities to MORBs, island arc tholeiitic to calc-alkaline basalts, adakites,andhighmagnesiumandesites,whichareconsideredtohavebeenformed bythepartialmeltingofasthenosphericmantleatamid-oceanspreadingridgeand subsequent slab–mantlewedgeinteractions,respectively;(2) the*2532–2506Ma dioritic and TTG gneisses are divided into two subgroups, i.e., a high magnesium group (HMG) derived from the partial melting of descending slabs and a low magnesium group (LMG) from the partial melting of metabasaltic rocks at the arc root; (3) the *2495 Ma potassium-rich granodioritic and monzogranitic gneisses are nearly coeval with *2485 Ma granulite facies metamorphism, which could have been resulted from the partial melting of metamorphosed felsic volcanic and sedimentary rocks; (4) the *1721–1696 Ma Jianping diorite–monzonite–syenite suite and *1671–1625 Ma Pinggu K-rich volcanic rocks were derived from the partial melting of enriched subcontinental lithospheric mantle and depleted asthenospheric mantle, respectively, forming at post-collisional to post-orogenic settingsfollowingfinalamalgamationofNCC;and(5)thenewlydiscovered*1.23 Ga mafic dyke swarms cover an area of *0.6 (cid:1) 106 km2, which could have been produced by complex asthenosphere–lithospheric mantle interactions under a mantle plume setting. Based on the above studies, the prolonged Precambrian (*2.6–1.2 Ga) litho- spheric mantle evolution and crust-mantle geodynamic processes of Western Liaoning-Northeastern Hebei provinces are established for the first time, high- lighting that (a) the Western Liaoning Province was evolved at an Archean accretionary orogenic system, recording subduction accretion-related crust-mantle geodynamic processes from mid-ocean ridge spreading, through initiation and maturationofanintra-oceanicarcsystem,tothefinalarc-continentaccretion,which ismarked by intense *2.6–2.5 Ga crustalgrowth; (b) themetasomatizeddepleted Archean lithospheric mantle was gradually evolved to an enriched mantle through close-system evolution during Paleoproterozoic. It was further modified by late Paleoproterozoic eastward subduction between the Eastern Block and Western Block, which served as the major mantle sources of the widespread *1780–1680 Ma magmatic rocks within the NCC; and (c) the late Paleoproterozoic enriched lithospheric mantle witnessed two major episodes of vertical accretion processes triggered by the *1671–1625 Ma post-orogenic lithospheric delamination and *1230 Ma global mantle plume events, which led to the final breakup of global Columbia supercontinent. These new studies and achievements in this doctoral thesis provide critical insights into the Precambrian crustal and geodynamic evolution of not only North China Craton, but also our Planetary Earth, particularly from the viewpoint of crust-mantleinteractions.Thoughwhenandhowplatetectonicprocessesstartedon earth remain contentious, this doctoral thesis provides some critical lines of Supervisor’sForeword ix evidence supporting that Neoarchean lateral subduction–accretion processes could have been operated in the North China Craton. Dr. Wang’s current research focus on the comparison of crust-mantle interaction processes in the late Archean sub- duction–accretion systemalong thenorthernmarginofNCCwith thoseofmodern ones as well as early Archean pre-subduction geodynamic regimes, which open a new window into our further understanding of the early geodynamic evolution history of the Earth. Accordingly, Dr. Wang’s doctoral thesis provides a leading and exemplary ways for the future Precambrian studies of both the North China Craton and other ancient cratons in the world. Beijing, China Prof. Shuwen Liu June 2017 Parts of this doctoral thesis have been published in the following journal articles: 1. Wang, W., Liu, S.W., Santosh, M., Wang, G.H., Bai, X., Guo, R.R., 2015a. Neoarchean intra-oceanic arc system in the Western Liaoning Province: ImplicationsforEarlyPrecambriancrustalevolutionintheEasternBlockofthe North China Craton. Earth-Science Reviews 150, 329–364. (Reproduced with permission) 2. Wang, W., Liu, S.W., Santosh, M., et al. 2015b. Late Paleoproterozoic geo- dynamicsoftheNorthChinaCraton:GeochemicalandzirconU-Pb-Hfrecords from a volcanic suite in the Yanliao rift. Gondwana Research 27, 300–325. (Reproduced with permission) 3. Wang,W.,Liu,S.W.,Santosh,M.,Zhang,L.F.,Bai,X.,Zhao,Y.,Zhang,S.H., Guo, R.R., 2015c. 1.23 Ga mafic dykes in the North China Craton reconstruct the Columbia supercontinent. Gondwana Research 27, 1407–1418. (Reproduced with permission) 4. Wang, W., Liu, S.W., Santosh, M., Bai, X., Li, Q.G., Yang, P.T., Guo, R.R., 2013a. Zircon U–Pb–Hf isotopes and whole-rock geochemistry of granitoid gneisses in the Jianping gneissic terrane, Western Liaoning Province: Constraints on the Neoarchean crustal evolution of the North China Craton. Precambrian Research 224, 184–221. (Reproduced with permission) 5. Wang. W., Liu, S.W., Bai, X., et al. 2013b. Geochemistry and zircon U-Pb-Hf isotopes of the late Paleoproterozoic Jianping diorite-monzonite-syenite suite of the North China Craton: Implications for petrogenesis and geodynamic set- ting. Lithos 162–163, 175–194. (Reproduced with permission) 6. Wang, W., Liu, S.W., Wilde, S.A., Li, Q.G., Zhang, J., Bai, X., Yang, P.T., Guo, R.R., 2012. Petrogenesis and geochronology of Precambrian granitoid gneisses in Western Liaoning Province: Constraints on Neoarchean to early Paleoproterozoic crustal evolution of the North China Craton. Precambrian Research 222–223, 290–311. (Reproduced with permission) 7. Wang, W., Liu, S.W., Bai, X., Yang, P.T., Li, Q.G., Zhang, L.F., 2011. Geochemistry and zircon U-Pb-Hf isotopic systematics of the Neoarchean Yixian-Fuxin greenstone belt, northern margin of the North China Craton: Implicationsforpetrogenesisandtectonicsetting.GondwanaResearch20,64– 81. (Reproduced with permission) xi