1111 2 3 4 ARCHAEOLOGY AND 5111 6 ANCIENT HISTORY 7 8 9 1011 1 2 3111 Some classicists deal with the ancient world as if archaeological evidence 4 other than art and architecture is of little relevance to their work. This can 5 mean that territories or subjects for which there is little textual evidence can 6 be marginalized or not studied at all. Similarly, many historical archaeolo- 7 gists, dissatisfied with their ancillary role, assert that material evidence for 8 the ancient world can and should be studied independently. 9 Though efforts are being made in some quarters to erode these discipli- 20111 nary boundaries, in others they have become increasingly fossilized, and rifts 1 within subjects are leading to the development of ever more isolated new 2 sub-disciplines. While representatives of each different specialism may 3 believe they have found the path to historical truth, the real truth is that 4 the straitjackets of these divisions – whether generations old or fashionably 5111 novel – are stifling innovation, creativity and the possibility of illuminating 6 the past with all the knowledge at our disposal. 7 This collection of pieces from a wide range of contributors explores in 8 detail the separation of the human past into history, archaeology and their 9 related sub-disciplines. Each piece challenges the validity of this separation 30111 and asks how we can move to a more holistic approach. While the focus is 1 on the ancient world, particularly Greece and Rome, the lessons that emerge 2 are significant for the study of any time and place. 3 4 Eberhard W. Sauer is lecturer in classical archaeology at the School of 5 History and Classics, University of Edinburgh. He is also an honorary lecturer 6 at the School of Archaeology and Ancient History, University of Leicester. 7 Previously he was a British Academy Postdoctoral Fellow at Keble College 8 and the Institute of Archaeology, University of Oxford. 9 40111 1 2 3 44111 1111 2 3 4 ARCHAEOLOGY AND 5111 6 ANCIENT HISTORY 7 8 9 1011 Breaking down the boundaries 1 2 3111 4 5 6 Edited by 7 8 Eberhard W. Sauer 9 20111 1 2 3 4 5111 6 7 8 9 30111 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 40111 1 2 3 44111 First published 2004 by Routledge 11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2004. © 2004 selection and editorial matter, Eberhard W. Sauer; individual chapters, the contributors All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Archaeology and ancient history: breaking down the boundaries/edited by Eberhard W. Sauer. Includes bibliographic references and index. 1. Archaeology and history. 2. Classical antiquities. 3. Mediterranean Region – Antiquities. I. Sauer, Eberhard W., 1970– CC77.H5A685 2004 930.1–dc21 2003013490 ISBN 0-203-64371-2 Master e-book ISBN ISBN 0-203-66997-5 (Adobe eReader Format) ISBN 0–415–30199–8 (hbk) ISBN 0–415–30201–3 (pbk) 1111 2 3 4 CONTENTS 5111 6 7 8 9 1011 1 2 3111 List of figures vii 4 List of contributors ix 5 Acknowledgements xi 6 7 PART I 8 General 1 9 20111 1 Introduction 3 1 2 EBERHARD W. SAUER 3 2 The disunited subject: human history’s split into ‘history’ 4 and ‘archaeology’ 17 5111 EBERHARD W. SAUER 6 7 8 PART II 9 Greece 47 30111 1 3 Breaking down boundaries: the experience of the 2 multidisciplinary Olympias project 49 3 BORIS RANKOV 4 4 The Aegean melting pot: history and archaeology for 5 historians and prehistorians 62 6 ALKIS DIALISMAS 7 8 5 Field sports: engaging Greek archaeology and history 76 9 LIN FOXHALL 40111 6 Myth, expectations and the divide between disciplines in the 1 study of classical Greece 85 2 JANETT MORGAN 3 44111 v CONTENTS PART III Rome 97 7 The uneasy dialogue between ancient history and archaeology 99 RAY LAURENCE 8 A matter of personal preference? The relevance of different territories and types of evidence for Roman history 114 EBERHARD W. SAUER 9 A house divided: the study of Roman art and the art of Roman Britain 134 MARTIN HENIG 10 Tacitus, Agricola and the role of literature in the archaeology of the first century AD 151 BIRGITTA HOFFMANN PART IV Neighbouring cultures 167 11 Herodotus and the Amazons meet the Cyclops: philology, osteoarchaeology and the Eurasian Iron Age 169 EILEEN M. MURPHY 12 Celtoscepticism: a convenient excuse for ignoring non-archaeological evidence? 185 RAIMUND KARL Index 200 vi 1111 2 3 4 FIGURES 5111 6 7 8 9 1011 1 2 3111 2.1 Theoderic’s mausoleum at Ravenna 29 4 3.1 The Olympias 50 5 4.1 Schematic representation of the relationship of history and 6 archaeology to the general study of past cultures 67 7 5.1 The Dema House, Attica 81 8 5.2 Late classical ‘farmsteads’ and proposed landholdings, 9 Flamboura, southern Argolid 83 20111 9.1 First-century mosaic at Fishbourne Roman palace, Sussex 138 1 9.2a Hellenistic intaglio cut upon a sardonyx depicting 2 Ptolemy XII, from Wroxeter, Shropshire 140 3 9.2b Italic (Roman Republican) intaglio of sard showing 4 Diomedes stealing the Palladium, from Verulamium, 5111 Hertfordshire 140 6 9.3 Pediment of the Temple of Sulis Minerva, Bath, 7 Somerset 141 8 9.4 Orpheus mosaic from the villa at Woodchester, 9 Gloucestershire 148 30111 11.1 Cranium of a Scythian period adult female from Aymyrlyg 1 with a grossly enlarged left orbit possibly indicative of 2 neurofibromatosis 175 3 11.2 Reconstruction of the spine and rib cage of a Hunno- 4 Sarmatian period adult female from Aymyrlyg with 5 congenital scoliosis 176 6 11.3 Depiction of ‘monstrous’ human beings in the world 7 chronicle of Hartmann Schedel of 1493 178 8 9 40111 1 2 3 44111 vii 1111 2 3 4 CONTRIBUTORS 5111 6 7 8 9 1011 1 2 3111 Alkis Dialismas studied at the University of Athens and is now a doctoral 4 research student at Jesus College and the Department of Archaeology of 5 the University of Cambridge. 6 Lin Foxhallwas educated at Bryn Mawr College, University of Pennsylvania 7 and the University of Liverpool. She taught at Oxford University and 8 University College London. She is now Professor of Greek Archaeology 9 and History at the School of Archaeology and Ancient History, University 20111 of Leicester. 1 2 Martin Henig studied at the universities of Cambridge, London and Oxford. 3 He taught at Queen’s University, Belfast, the University of East Anglia 4 and the University of Wales, Newport. Currently he is a fellow of Wolfson 5111 College and a visiting lecturer in Roman Art at the Institute of 6 Archaeology, University of Oxford. 7 8 Birgitta Hoffmann went to the universities of Freiburg i.Br. and Durham. 9 She taught at the University of Manchester and University College Dublin 30111 before moving to her current post as a research fellow at the University 1 of Liverpool’s School of Archaeology, Classics and Oriental Studies. 2 Raimund Karl was educated at the University of Vienna. He has taught at 3 the University of Wales at Aberystwyth where he also held a post at the 4 Centre for Advanced Welsh and Celtic Studies. Currently he is a lecturer 5 in Archaeology and Heritage in the Department of History and Welsh 6 History, University of Wales, Bangor, as well as external lecturer in Celtic 7 Studies at the University of Vienna’s Department of Ancient History. 8 9 Ray Laurencestudied at the universities of Wales (Lampeter) and Newcastle. 40111 He has taught at the universities of Durham, Lancaster, Manchester and 1 Newcastle. He held a Rome Scholarship at the British School at Rome 2 and later a British Academy Postdoctoral Research Fellowship at Reading. 3 He is now a senior lecturer at the University of Reading’s Department of 44111 Classics. ix