ARABIC MADE EASY By Abul Hashim KITABBHDAVAN NEW DELHI-110002 [INDIA] Kitab Bhavan Publishers, Distributors, Exporters & Importers H 1784, Kalan Mahal, Darya Ganj / New Delhi - 1100 02 (India) Phone : (91-11)23277392/93, 23274686, 30906494 website : www.kitabbhavan.com Email : [email protected] ’ Fax : (91-11) 23263383 Dedicated to FirstEdition 1992 s Field Marshal Mohammed Ayub Khan IInd Reprinted 1997 IlIrd Reprinted 2001 IVth Reprinted 2003 Vth Reprinted 2006 ISBN : 81-7151-040-X Code No. : A00035 Published in India by : Nusrat Ali Nasri for Kitab Bhavan * 1784, Kalan Mahal, Darya Ganj New Delhi - 1100 02 [India] Printed in India at : Nice Printing Press Khureji Khas, Delhi-110051 Foreword I have made critical study of the book. I am confident that a careful and intelligent study of the book would enable one to have a working knowledge of Arabic language in course of one year, I had been a professor of Arabic language and literature for thirty years and I am happy to find that the book really makes Arabic easy, The book is unige in its presentation of intricate problems of Arabic gtammar and composition. Its appropriate examples elu- cidating application of grammatical rules and its exercises teach one how to speak and write correct Arabic, The book deals with grammatical rules essential for learning the language and does not discuss subtleties of Arabic grammar which more often than not create confusion in the mirus of the reader. I congratulate the author for his insight into principles of Arabic grammer and composition. Dated, Dacca Mohammad Amin Abbasi The 30th June, 1969 ( Shanisul Ulema ) Author’s Preface The book is intended to help learn the Arabic language within the shortest possible time without the least inter. ference with normal life and work. Thorough study of one lesson a week will give working knowledge of Arabic language in fifteen months, Each lesson must be mastered before the next lesson is studied. Learning a foreign language requires a general idea of grammar. In this book the rules of grammar have been presented in the simplest forms with illustrations to make it easy to understand. It is expected that the book will give a basic knowledge of Arabic language and will enable the readers to make further study of Arabic language and literature with the help of Arabic dictionary. Inspite of best efforts some obvious printing mistakes could not be avoided. If the book fulfills its purpose the Jabour inyolved in vreparing the book will be more than justified. <a CONTENTS Orthography jacn SAIIn The Alphabet id lyg!l a,x)! "I eeehe Vowel Points ob»)! Alphabets with Vowel Points Various forms of Alphabets Long Vowels Reading and Writings Some other Signs Grammar and Composition LESSON 1 In dy el! LESSON 2 . a JA Adjectives 4i,a)! onl LESSON 3 SA Ae Gender =»)! LESSON 4 Jeera a5 wel 10 13 16 (x) LESSON 5 JGAR LeaIn© Seat] Ther | LESSON 6 Pat Betao ode | “Number, wet)! The dual LESSON 7 Jvene a ee oda! Number. om! The plural IDeIh Inwre Broken Plural p54)! an! LESSON 8 or In Id Prepositions j-J| <iy = LESSON 9 I seg Personal pronouns 5 lai! LESSON 10 Senne Cad Demonstrative Pronouns 3)l8! cll LESSON 11 A ag Fa Eletives gail | pul LESSON 12 aa SF tw oF noho Colours and bodily defects rez Slosl sol! 22 25 24 30 33 a7 42 49 55 eee LESSON 13 an I whe Jk! sled Adverbs 59 (: we. IeFd Vocatives slit! cig 61 LESSON 14 as s 95 and:o} 65 LESSON 15 a Ke In 4 weeIn IR The Hyperbole and the Dimuntive sell gue! LUI! pal 70 LESSON 16 werk Ivhe a Numerals 340! cll ¢ One to Ten) 74 LESSON 17 orn Jone Numerals 24! slut ( Eleven to Nineteen ) 80 LESSON 18 : woh Soh. Numerals 240! slau ( Twenty to Ninetynine) 85 LESSON 19 oon Sone one we IF he Numerals 540)! cl...! (Hundred and upwards: lg 45 Ly BW) 90 LESSON 20 IG AND IEA whe The Ordinal Numbers Lem 5! ols" Y | 96 LESSON 21 Fraction 101 ( xt) LESSON 22 In Aw IAI Ive Decimal i2,AS! 9501 The multiplicative LESSON 23 JnAw Verbs gai! LESSON 24 DADA oh mn IA he Jone! cai a LESSON 25 Jan he DIheK 2 CIR INK] Verbs, et; iy peed! este! Jai) | LESSON 26 IA he Snare 2 29h IR AO Verbs, de |: J saz] Eabael! Jai! LESSON 27 SA he Jaw Sa how Verbs, dl; ul ji! LESSON 28 Moods LESSON 29 IAB Sa- Negatives, tl rT) set! LESSON 30 ImehIn~e Derivatives clic.) | LESSON 31 Classification of Simple Triliteral Verbs 106 107 110 115 119 125 129 135 142 151 161 ( xm) LESSON 32 Triliteral Verbs with addition of some letters to the root LY Saran as 4 50! J ded t - - LESSON 33 ‘fae ty LESSON 34 A, IR oN oh, SN Aw LESSON 35 Sa he Quadriliteral Verbs stl rail Jail! LESSON 36 Hamzated Verbs reall deal. Some Rules of Orthography LESSON 37 AIA IA Ae Weak Verbs geal daa LESSON 38 Weak Verbs Giclt dat dail LESSON 39 AIR IA Re Weak Verbs pro geil} 166 173 181 187 193 194 198 203 210 ( xiv ) LESSON 40 B-AIn FA ae Weak Verbs isd! jail | LESSON: 41 — AR Jeo Permutation of JkesYi Gl ewe LESSON 42 Jars4 Shae Doubled Verb Cinaot! ghd | LESSON 43 Classification of Verbs according to their radicals LESSON 44 Conjugation of some typical weak & doubled Verbs GIA wr adn AA Jn how cissanl! y china! alll ip was LESSON 45 IG “IN IK ne Emphatic Verbs 35 yJ! (jai)! LESSON 46 dea 9a Verbs expressing wonder -zsiJ| cJaé LESSON 47 ee SF hanes Defective Verbs Zosld! Slay! LESSON 48 IG AG I eaAInn Conditional Sentences 4b ,2)!1 doe! | 219 219 223 228 233 245 251 254 (xv ) LESSON 49 IeraInaoch Fore Relative Pronouns 2 yoy)! clu! LESSON 50 Aan ScaeIn I APIAZ Particles resembling Verbs Jy Tigitell iy yr! | LESSON 51 Some Verbs resembling Defecttive Verbs LESSON 52 earn I oho aS! cll LESSON 53 IA Soho The Objects qheli ’ LESSON 54 LESSON 55 IaBe Distinctive Term 3-2 | LESSON 56 - hen Ivar oo Verbs of Praise and Blame pill y cull bul LESSON 57 Iohh aw The Exceptive clic | LESSON 58 Relative Adjectives pew) a] LESSON 59 ae) o- 266 271 277 282 288 305 310 316 323 ORTHOGRAPHY THE ALPHABET a SAS Ine go. dui loeg)I 49 > The letter Name of the letter — Sound of the letter . Hamzatun a | Alifun a my ba-un b o ta-un t as pronunced in French & tha-un th as in ‘think’ ‘a jee-mun j fe ha-un h (guttural ) fc kha-un kh ( guttural ) 3 da-lun d 3 dha-lun dh 3 fa-un r 5 za-yun Zz uw see-nun s uo shee-nun sh uw swa-dun 3w al dwa-dun dw (3) twa-un tw as pronounced in French Alphabets with Vowel points &b zwa-uD zw f 5 - ‘ayn-un a (guttural ) a fou - é ghainun gh (guttural ) Rages re) - uo fa-un f on v bi G qa-fun q pronounced with back & ta & tw oS ti of the tongue touching fa F - oe a a a : the palate. © athe S thi *, 5 S ka-fun k e ia z iu oa J la-mun 1 . = ct ha 2 ¢ mee-mun m c hu chi ra) noo-nun o = il = kha, a a ‘all’ ; . F ’ wa-un w c $ in ‘all & khu & khi . h a H cy 2 = Js rs ha-un ‘aes has 3) da sna} oa rc ya-un y asin ‘yes’. be i - * 3. dhu 3 dhi . in ta)’ mé i 3 Ta, @ asin ‘all > tu 5 ti Vowel Points Z : aS j Za . u I sorte J zw 3 zi oN pe - ’ 7 w sa ou su oS si There are three vowel points in Arabic; they are : 5 ’ ere ar ir po 2 ey uw’ sha shu anlar Sign Name Sound u swa a asin ‘all’ eee eae Bau fat-hatun a as in ‘bat’ e, - - pid dwamma‘tun u as in ‘put’ dwa a as in ‘all ww dwu vw dwi -— . - + rd = kasratun e as in England b twa, a as in ‘all’ big eee (4) - B ] & zwa a as in ‘all’ & zwu & 2wi - ? aut Cay Gi? - I é gha, a as in ‘all’ é ghu é ghi GS fa J fu o fi ¢ p Es qa, a asin ‘all’ GS qu 3 qi - ed 2 S ka S ku Si o BY J ila J tu oi - Pd ¢ ma rf mu ¢ mi 2 ? : oO na oO nu Yo at - J 5 wa 5 wu 9 wi =} 3 » ha » ho ® hi 2 3 eee GS ya So yu so yl Various forms of Alphabets Alphabets have one form when they are in the beginning, one when in the middle and one when at the end. beginning middle end f 2 P | ( joined with letter | joined with letter be ~ os) = “ beginning ; bs ~ t © be b 1 (5) middle ry A i vee CAG Ler i eb be GS Gok St SRE Ca - 2