AQUINAS JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH Volume III April 2017 ISSN 2395-7751 AQUINAS JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH Peer Reviewed Research Journal Aquinas College Edacochin, Cochin-682010 Kerala, India www.aquinascollege.co.in Email: [email protected] Advisory Board Rev. Fr. Johnson Chirammel Manager, Aquinas-Avila-Siena Colleges Dr. Babu Joseph Former Vice Chancellor, CUSAT, Kochi Dr. V. P. N. Nampoori Emeritus Professor, ISP, CUSAT Dr. Thomaskutty Mathew Reader, STAS, MG University, Regional Centre, Edappally Dr. V. S. Antony Academic Director, Aquinas-Avila-Siena Colleges Editorial Board Chief Editor Prof. Dayisi M. F. Principal, Aquinas College Editor Joseph John Associate Professor and Head, Department of Physics, Aquinas College Associate Editors Tania John Assistant Professor and Head, Department of English Sivaraj K. S. Assistant Professor, Department of Physics Mary Jemima Sebastian Assistant Professor, Department of English Berry Holaday M. G. Assistant Professor, Department of Economics Athira Prakash Assistant Professor, Department of Physics DECLARATION I, Prof. Dayisi M. F., Principal, Aquinas College, Edacochin, hereby declare that I am the printer and publisher of the journal entitled Aquinas Journal of Multidisciplinary Research to be printed and published at Edacochin and particulars in respect to the said journal given hereunder are true to the best of my knowledge and belief. 1. Title of the Journal Aquinas Journal of Multidisciplinary Research 2. Registration Number ISSN 2395-7751 3. Language English 4. Periodicity Yearly 5. Retail selling price of the Journal per copy Rs. 300/- 6. Publishers Name Prof. Dayisi M. F. Nationality Indian Address Principal, Aquinas College, Edacochin, Cochin-682010, India 7. Place of Publication Aquinas College, Edacochin, Cochin-682010, India 8. Printers Name Prof. Dayisi M. F. Nationality Indian Address Principal, Aquinas College, Edacochin, Cochin- 682010, India 9. Name of Printing Press Little Flower Press, Perumpadappu, Cochin-682006, India 10. Editor’s Name Joseph John Nationality Indian Address Associate Professor and Head, Dept. of Physics, Aquinas College, Edacochin, Cochin- 682010, India 11. Owner’s Name Rev. Fr. Johnson Chirammel Nationality Indian Address Manager, Aquinas-Avila-Siena Colleges, Edacochin, Cochin-682010, India ISSN 2395-7751 All Rights Reserved © Aquinas College, Edacochin, Cochin- 682010, India EDITORIAL We are extremely happy to present the third issue of the Aquinas Journal of Multidisciplinary Research. The Journal serves the academicians by encouraging analysis, discourse, and providing the most effective and permanent way of passing on information to a large audience as well as progressively developing expertise in their interested area. We hope this third issue will be more acceptable to our well-wishers who search for new sources of information. The present issue of Aquinas Journal of Multidisciplinary Research will lend a new perspective and dimension, which will help to illumine hitherto unexplored areas of the subjects and make it a profound study. Moreover it will provide a forum for the interdisciplinary study of contemporary issues which will help to encourage a closer interaction between the various branches of knowledge. Our mission is to examine diverse aspects of the rapid changes taking place in the field of research and to present them with sagacity, truth and vision. The Journal provides an outlet for innovative research, which advances understanding of the core areas of study in all its varied aspects. It provides a platform for the researchers and academicians to share their knowledge. We wish to stimulate your discussions and innovations through this Journal. As an academic publication, the Journal is open to all researchers of diverse fields of discipline. We extend a warm thank you to all the contributors who have generously shared their expertise with us. We would also take this opportunity to thank the editorial board for their peer review work. Wish you all a happy and informative reading. Editors: Prof. Dayisi M. F., Principal Joseph John, Associate Professor and Head CONTENTS Science 1. Optical Studies on Micro- Viscosity Variation of Styryl 7 Dye on 1 Different Solvents Sony Udayan, Mathew Sebastian, V. P. N. Nampoori and Sheenu Thomas 2. Investigation on the Conduction and Polarization Mechanisms 7 of Chromium Doped Multiferroic Yttrium Manganite Sivaraj K. S. and Anantharaman M. R. 3. Thermodynamics of Schwarzschild Blackhole and its 14 Modifications in the Dark Energy Field Greeshma Mohan, Chrislima Kavu and Dr. Tharanath R. 4. Preparation and Absorption Studies of Graphene Oxide and 26 Reduced Graphene Oxide Amala Jaison, Meril Sunny and Kala M. S. 5. Photocatalytic Degradation of Textile Dye Using Chemically 32 Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles Mary Shalmia M. T., Sreekutty Prathapan and Radhu Subha Humanities 6. The Dark River, Black Exclusion and Poverty: An Ecofeminist 38 Reading of Breena Clarke’s River, Cross My Heart Dr. Soney Bhageeradhan 7. Revival of Sovereignty through Forests: Extrication of 48 Feminine Characters in Select Bollywood Tawaif Films Sabitha S. Babu 8. ‘The Neo-white man’s burden’: Journey from Colonialism to 59 Post Colonialism in the movie Lord Livingstone 7000 Kandi Tessa Fani Jose, Athira Babu The Simple Symbol: Tracing the Tremendous Shift in the 9. 62 Digital Space from Phoneography to Hashtivi Lakshmi Anil 10. K-Drama: A Lodestar to the Indian Telenovelas 66 Annu Mary Cyriac 11. Virgo Intacta: Of the Mind 73 Swathi O. A. 12. Truncated Portrait of Nature: Unveiling the Era of Ecological 78 Awakening in Malayalam Literature Liz Mary Antony 13. ‘Matsyaganddhi’ as a Text of the Marginalized 84 Sheena Kaimal N., Shalvi P. P. 14. Influence of Different Intensity Aerobic Speed among 90 Education Students Simmi I. S. Sports 15. Current and Emerging Topics in Sports Video Processing 96 Shaji Jose 16. Relationship of Anxiety and Aggression with the Penalty 108 Kick Performance in College Level Women Football Players Saran K. S. 17. Comparative Study on Achievement Motivation and 114 Unforced Error among State Level Badminton Players Nithin Nazarudeen 18. Comparison of the Service Efficiency between State Level 120 and District Level Volleyball Players Rahul R. Nair 19. Effect of Core Workout on Abdominal Strength and Flexibility 126 among College Students Mithin Anand Optical Studies on Micro - Viscosity Variation of Styryl 7 Dye on Different Solvents Sony Udayan1, Mathew Sebastian1, V. P. N. Nampoori1 and Sheenu Thomas1 1International School of Photonics, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, India ABSTRACT We have observed micro viscosity variation using Styryl 7 dye through fluorescence lifetime techniques in different solvents. Fluorescence lifetime of Styryl 7 on different solvents is found to be increase with the viscosity of the samples. Lifetime studies confirm that Styryl 7 dye is a good fluorescent probe for detecting the micro viscosity of the samples. INTRODUCTION Fluorescent probes are generally used in biomedical studies for the detection of bio molecules and used in fluorescent imaging of biological matters. Among the wide varieties of fluorescent probes styryl dyes are commonly used [1]. These dyes are effectively applied as delicate probes for fluorescent staining of proteins [2]. Among different derivatives of styryl dyes few dyes are molecular rotors such as Styryl 7, Styryl 8, Styryl 9M, Thioflavin T. On exciting a molecular rotor, for example styryl 7, the benzothiazole and dimethylaminophynel group around the C꞊C bond will form a non-radiative twisted intramolecular charge transfer state. The most remarkable feature of molecular rotors is the dependency of the twisted state formation rate on the local environment, mainly the micro viscosity of the solvent. In the case of molecular rotor, the steric hindrance for the formation of twisted state is observed in viscous solvent. It has been reported that restriction to the formation of this twisted state will increases the fluorescence intensity of the dye [3]. In a biological system, viscosity plays an important role. The change in viscosity of cell membrane is the variation of various physical processes in the cell, mainly due to various diseases [4]. Some examples are, increased viscosity of red blood cells and blood platelets observed in patients with 1 Aquinas Journal of Multidisciplinary Research diabetes, an increased viscosity of erythrocytes seen in patients with liver disorder due to alcoholism, and decreased viscosity of leukocytes seen in patients with Alzheimer’s diseases [5-7]. EXPERIMENTAL Styryl 7 dye (S7) was used as supplied by Sigma-Aldrich. All the solvents were spectral grade and were used without further purifications. S7 dye of 0.02mM concentration was prepared on ethanol, methanol, butanol, isopropyl alcohol and water. Absorption and fluorescence spectrum of the samples were recorded by using UV-VIS NIR Spectrophotometer (Jasco V-570) and Varian Cary Eclipse fluorimeter. Lifetime studies were carried out by DeltaproTM fluorescence lifetime system. RESULT AND DISCUSSION Figure 1 shows the absorption spectrum of S7 on different solvents. The absorption is due to the charge transfer between the donor amino groups to the charged thiazole groups. Absorption peak for different solvent differs thoroughly as a function of solvent polarity. With an increase in polarity of the solvent the absorption peak has a blue shift, indicating a smaller dipole moment in the excited state [8]. FWHM of the absorption spectrum increases with increase in solvent polarity. Fig 1: Absorption spectrum of S7 on different solvents 2 Aquinas Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Figure 2 shows the fluorescence spectrum of S7 on different solvents. Fluorescence spectrum is found to be narrower than the absorption spectrum. Fluorescence intensity increases with increase in viscosity of the solvents. Exception occurs only for water. Fluorescence spectrum is less sensitive to the polarity of the solvent. Table 1 shows the absorption and fluorescence maxima of S7 on different solvents. Fig 2: Fluorescence spectrum of S7 on different solvents excited with 532nm Absorbance Fluorescence Sl. Solvent Solvent No. Polarity λ λ max(nm)FWHM(nm) max(nm)FWHM(nm) Butanol 1 0.46 579 121 698 74 Isopropyl 2 0.51 575 123 697 70 alcohol Ethanol 3 0.54 570 128 699 69 Methanol 4 0.60 562 129 697 65 Water 5 1.09 522 166 694 84 Table1: Absorption and Fluorescence maxima of S7 on different solvents 3