Aquatic Fitness Professional Manual Seventh Edition Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Aquatic Exercise Association. Title: Aquatic Fitness Professional Manual / Aquatic Exercise Association. Description: Seventh Edition. | Champaign, Illinois : Human Kinetics, [2018] | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2017027380 (print) | LCCN 2017011661 (ebook) | ISBN 9781492558460 (ebook) | ISBN 9781492533740 (print) Subjects: LCSH: Aquatic exercises. Classification: LCC GV838.53.E94 (print) | LCC GV838.53.E94 A68 2018 (ebook) | DDC 613.7/16--dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017027380 ISBN: 978-1-4925-3374-0 (print) Copyright © 2018, 2010, 2006, 2001, 2000, 1998, 1995 by Aquatic Exercise Association All rights reserved.Except for use in a review, the reproduction or utilization of this work in any form or by any electronic,   mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including xerography, photocopying, and recording, and in any information storage and retrieval system, is forbidden without the written permission of the publisher. Notice: Permission to reproduce the following material is granted to instructors and agencies who have purchased Aquatic Fitness Professional Manual, Seventh Edition: pp. 320-321, 359, and 361-362.The reproduction of other parts of this   book is expressly forbidden by the above copyright notice.Persons or agencies who have not purchased Aquatic Fitness   Professional Manual, Seventh Edition may not reproduce any material. The web addresses cited in this text were current as of June 2017, unless otherwise noted. Acquisitions Editor: Michelle Maloney; Developmental Editor: Anne Hall; Managing Editor: Ann C. Gindes; Copyeditor: Joy Hoppenot; Indexer: Nan N. Badgett; Permissions Manager: Martha Gullo; Graphic Designers: Denise Lowry and Angela Snyder; Cover Designer: Keri Evans; Photograph (cover): © Aquatic Exercise Association; Photographs (interior): © Aquatic Exercise Association, unless otherwise noted; Photo Asset Manager: Laura Fitch; Visual Production Assistant: Joyce Brumfield; Photo Production Manager: Jason Allen; Senior Art Manager: Kelly Hendren; Illustrations: © Human Kinetics, unless otherwise noted; Printer: Versa Press Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 The paper in this book is certified under a sustainable forestry program. Human Kinetics P.O. Box 5076 Champaign, IL 61825-5076 Website: www.HumanKinetics.com In the United States, email [email protected] or call 800-747-4457. In Canada, email [email protected]. In United Kingdom/Europe, email [email protected]. For information about Human Kinetics’ coverage in other areas of the world, please visit our website: www.HumanKinetics.com E6852 Contents AEA Mission Statement and Purpose vii Acknowledgments ix Introduction x Part I: Foundations of Fitness and Exercise Chapter 1 Physical Fitness 3 Physical Activity, Exercise, and Physical Fitness 4 Health-Related Components of Physical Fitness 4 Skill-Related Components of Physical Fitness 7 Guidelines for Exercise 7 Monitoring Intensity 10 Aerobic Formats 13 Benefits of Regular Exercise 14 Chapter 2 Exercise Anatomy 21 Structural Organization of the Human Body 22 Systems of the Human Body 22 Skeletal System 23 Muscular System 25 Nervous System 36 Respiratory System 38 Cardiovascular System 39 Chapter 3 Exercise Physiology 47 Physiological Principles 48 Energy Metabolism 50 Skeletal Muscle Tissue 53 Acute Responses to Aerobic and Anaerobic Exercise 56 Chapter 4 Movement Analysis 61 Anatomical Position 62 Anatomical Reference Terms 62 Posture, Alignment, and Balance 63 Planes of Movement 64 Joint Actions 65 iii iv Contents Types of Joints 71 Joints Most Involved in Exercise Design 76 Interaction Between the Skeletal and Muscular Systems 79 Movement and Muscle Actions With Aquatic Exercise 81 Influence of Aquatic Equipment 83 Chapter 5 Exercise Motivation and Behavior 91 Foundations of Behavior Change 92 Motivating Participants for Sustained Change 94 Case Scenarios 97 Planning for Success 100 Part II: The Aquatic Environment Chapter 6 Physical Laws as Applied to the Aquatic Environment 105 Motion 106 Water Immersion 107 Essential Properties of Water 108 Newton’s Laws of Motion 111 Additional Training Principles 118 Interaction and Application 122 Chapter 7 Pool Environment and Design 127 Water Temperature 128 Air Temperature and Humidity 129 Heat Dissipation in the Aquatic Environment 130 Water and Air Quality 131 Pool Considerations 131 Participant Considerations 134 Part III: Instruction and Programming Chapter 8 Shallow-Water Exercise 141 Defining Shallow-Water Exercise 142 Shallow-Water Exercise Research and Application 142 Shallow-Water Base Moves 143 Impact Options for Shallow-Water Exercise 146 Shallow-Water Tempo Options 151 Posture and Alignment with Shallow-Water Exercise 153 Chapter 9 Deep-Water Exercise 159 Defining Deep-Water Exercise 160 Deep-Water Exercise Research and Application 161 Contents v Deep-Water Base Moves 163 Non-Impact Water Exercise 164 Deep-Water Tempo Options 165 Deep-Water Considerations 167 Participant Evaluation and Safety 173 Chapter 10 Aquatic Exercise Leadership 181 Instructor Form and Alignment 182 Cueing 183 Transitions 188 Choreography 194 Music 197 Safe and Effective Instruction 199 Professionalism 205 Chapter 11 Aquatic Exercise Programming 211 Class Components 212 Aquatic Program Formats 221 Movements Requiring Greater Consideration 230 Chapter 12 Special Populations and Health Conditions 237 Older Adults 238 Children and Adolescents 241 Pregnancy and Postpartum 244 Obesity 247 Musculoskeletal Considerations 249 Rheumatic Diseases 249 Lower-Back Pain (LBP) 253 Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) 254 Pulmonary (Lung) Disease 256 Diabetes 257 Multiple Sclerosis (MS) 259 Parkinson’s Disease (PD) 260 Cerebral Palsy (CP) 261 Cancer 263 Part IV: Safety, Scope of Practice, and Legal Chapter 13 Safety, Emergencies, Injuries, and Instructor Health 273 Safety and Risk Management 274 Emergency Procedures 276 Distress and Drowning 277 vi Contents Sudden Illness 278 Injuries 282 Electrical Shock 283 Fitness Professional Health 284 Chapter 14 Basic Nutrition and Weight Management 291 General Nutrition 292 Weight Management 301 Eating Disorders 303 Nutrition References 305 Chapter 15 Business Issues and Legal Considerations 311 Employee Versus Independent Contractor 312 Setting Up Your Own Business 314 Insurance 315 Risk Management and Standard of Care 315 Liability 318 Music Use In Fitness 322 Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA) 323 Appendix A Shallow-Water Exercise 327 Appendix B Deep-Water Exercise 341 Appendix C Aquatic Fitness Equipment 349 Appendix D Answers to Chapter Review Questions 355 Appendix E Instructor Worksheets 359 Appendix F Sample Class Formats 367 Glossary 381 Index 400 About the AEA 405 About the Editors, Contributing Authors, Reviewers, and Credits 407 AEA Mission Statement and Purpose Our Mission Purpose of Certification The Aquatic Exercise Association (AEA) is The aquatic fitness professional certification a nonprofit organization committed to the was developed to increase public health, advancement of aquatic fitness, health and safety, and confidence in aquatic fitness wellness worldwide. programming led by certified professionals. The aquatic fitness professional certifica- tion is designed to test a standard level of the- Our Purpose oretical and practical competence and skill for aquatic fitness professionals to assure the AEA is committed to increasing awareness, highest level of programming and implemen- education, and networking opportunities tation to a wide range of participants. to benefit professionals as well as the gen- The aquatic fitness professional certifica- eral public. With AEA, achieving healthy tion offers certified professionals confidence lifestyles through aquatic fitness is a global and security through superior standards and team effort. current research implementation. AEA desires to embrace cultural diversity in our industry to assure that individuals worldwide can enjoy and employ the benefits of aquatic fitness program regardless of age, ability, goals, or interests. vii This page intentionally left blank