APPROACHES TO ARABIC DIALECTS STUDIES IN SEMITIC LANGUAGES AND LINGUISTICS EDITED BY T. MURAOKA AND C.H.M. VERSTEEGH VOLUME XXXVIII APPROACHES TO ARABIC DIALECTS APPROACHES TO ARABIC DIALECTS A Collection of Articles presented to Manfred Woidich on the Occasion of his Sixtieth Birthday EDITED BY MARTINE HAAK, RUDOLF DE JONG, KEES VERSTEEGH BRILL LEIDEN •BOSTON 2004 This book is printed on acid-free paper. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Approaches to Arabic dialects : A collection of articles presented to Manfred Woidich on the occasion of his sixtieth birthday / edited by Martine Haak, Rudolf de Jong, Kees Versteegh. p. cm. – (Studies in Semitic languages and linguistics ; v. 38) Includes bibliographical references and index. Consists of articles in English, French, and German. ISBN 90-04-13206-6 1. Arabic language–Dialects. I. Woidich, Manfred. II. Haak, Martine, 1959- III. Jong, Rudolf Erik de. IV. Versteegh, C. H. M. V. Studies in Semitic languages and linguistics ; 38 PJ6709.A75 2003 492.7'7–dc21 2003050254 ISSN 0081-8461 ISBN 90 04 13206 6 © Copyright 2004 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910 Danvers , MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. printed in the netherlands HAAK/DE JONG_F1_v-xiv 9/1/03 11:48 AM Page v v CONTENTS Preface ........................................................................................ vii Bibliography Manfred Woidich ................................................ xi The Arabic of Rabì'a: A q6ltu dialect of Northwestern Iraq ............ 1 Farida Abu Haidar Zum Verbmodifikator là- in nordmarokkanischen Dialekten ................ 13 Jordi Aguadé Variability reproduced: A variationist view of the [µ]/[∂] opposition in modern Arabic dialects ................................................................ 21 Enam Al-Wer Die arabischen Dialekte von Jaffa und Umgebung ............................ 33 Werner Arnold Von an-"Àß6r (al-Qaßr) nach Ìgni (Ìgli): Ein Vorbericht zu einigen arabischen Dialekten der Provinz 6r-Ra“ìdìya (Marokko) ................ 47 Peter Behnstedt Les parlers arabes nomades et sédentaires du Fezzàn, d’après William et Philippe Marçais .................................................................... 67 Dominique Caubet Quadriliteral verbs in the Arabic dialects of eastern Arabia ................ 97 Clive Holes Technicalities and terminology of raiding and warfare as revealed by Bedouin oral narratives ................................................................ 117 Bruce Ingham Jüdisches, christliches und muslimisches Arabisch in Mosul ................ 135 Otto Jastrow Characteristics of Bedouin dialects in Southern Sinai: Preliminary observations ................................................................................ 151 Rudolf de Jong Variation and change in Arabic urban vernaculars ............................ 177 Catherine Miller Remarks on ideophones in Nigerian Arabic ........................................ 207 Jonathan Owens Negations in the dialect of es-Sal†, Jordan ........................................ 221 Heikki Palva HAAK/DE JONG_F1_v-xiv 9/1/03 11:48 AM Page vi vi  Unmarked feminine nouns in modern Arabic dialects .......................... 237 Stephan Procházka Relative-clause marking in Arabic dialects: A preliminary survey ........ 263 Jan Retsö On verbal nouns in colloquial and literary Arabic ............................ 275 Judith Rosenhouse The Arabic dialect of women in Meknes (Morocco): Gender linked sound changes? ............................................................................ 291 Harry Stroomer De la grammaticalisation de ‘comme’ (comparatif) en arabe .............. 309 Catherine Taine-Cheikh Deixis et focalisation: La particule ta en arabe de Yafi' (Yémen) ...... 329 Martine Vanhove Pidginization and creolization revisited: The case of Arabic ................ 343 Kees Versteegh Is there an Orientalist linguistics? .................................................... 359 Abderrahim Youssi Colloquial Arabic in the 17th century: Yùsuf al-Ma©ribì’s Egyptian- Arabic wordlist .......................................................................... 373 Elisabeth Zack Index of Varieties of Arabic .................................................... 391 Index of Persons ........................................................................ 395 HAAK/DE JONG_F1_v-xiv 9/1/03 11:48 AM Page vii vii PREFACE To find colleagues and friends of Manfred Woidich willing to con- tribute to the collection of articles now in hand was not the most arduous of tasks. When we first started to approach colleagues on the subject of a Festschrift for Manfred—this was right under his nose, during the fourth AIDA conference in Marrakech in April of 2000— their reactions were heartwarming and encouraging. In part, this enthusiasm to contribute must have been due to the scholarly stand- ing of Manfred Woidich. But perhaps even more so to his person- ality—modest, ambitious only to work hard and preferably in the background—which, almost as a matter of paradox, earned him a central position in the field of Arabic dialectology as one of its lead- ing figures. The bibliography of Manfred Woidich’s publications bears testi- mony to his achievements in the field. He has written extensively on many aspects of Arabic dialects, from negative constructions to folk tales, from diglossia to phonology. His didactic materials for the study of Egyptian and Standard Arabic have become the preferred teaching manual in many language courses. The dialect atlas of the Egyptian dialects, which he published together with Peter Behnstedt, already stands as a monument of research in Arabic dialectology. Their joint introduction to dialect geography, due to appear in the Handbuch der Orientalistik series at Brill’s, will no doubt become essen- tial reading for anyone working in this field. The present collection is an homage to his achievements. As editors, we have deliberately chosen to include only articles on topics in the field of Arabic dialectology rather than inviting all friends and colleagues working in different fields. In the resulting volume various approaches to Arabic dialectology are represented, reflecting the central themes of Manfred Woidich’s research. The value of his work lies in the combination of his deep respect for fine detail—and the patience to strive for the full hundred percent while collecting field-work data—with a broad interest in languages in gen- eral, both on the theoretical and practical level. He keeps himself completely with novel approaches in general linguistics, eager to apply new insights to as yet unanalysed phenomena; he is a true HAAK/DE JONG_F1_v-xiv 9/1/03 11:48 AM Page viii viii  polyglot, in the sense of someone who loves language as well as languages. Although unassuming in his professional activities, Manfred will always take pride in hosting a dinner party at his home, serving pasta al dente with home-made pesto sauce, lavishly accompanied by exquisite Frankish wines—or German beer for those who prefer— all in the jovial atmosphere of Middle Eastern hospitality. All three of us, in our different capacities, have had intensive contacts with Manfred over the years: research, teaching, administration, the gen- eral state of affairs in Dutch Oriental studies and other topics, but the highlights of these contacts have always been the dinner parties. And yes, there is always a lot of talk about Arabic dialects. He never misses an opportunity to point out an especially interesting Arabic expression, usually from one of his beloved Egyptian dialects. With his encyclopaedic knowledge of these dialects he has acquired quite a reputation as a latter-day Professor Higgins, even in Egypt. He is known to have asked complete strangers in the Nile Valley or the Delta whether their mother came from some unknown village in Upper Egypt—and he would usually ‘guess’ right, leaving his anonymous ‘victim’ and those present in a state of utter bewilder- ment. He is a true master at finding a parallel between a word he hears in any context with a word or expression from some Egyptian dialect—a habit the Moroccan waiters in the restaurants he visited during the Marrakech conference became well aware of. There is always a sense of finality to a list of publications in a Festschrift, which in this case would create quite the wrong impres- sion. We have therefore ventured to add an item ‘to appear’, the Cairene Egyptian grammar, which in many respects will sum up his formidable knowledge about the dialect of Cairo; it may well have appeared by the time this book is presented to him. As we write these lines, we are aware that the occasion of his birthday itself may not be very pleasant for him: an entire afternoon wasted with fes- tivities, while he could have been at his computer, working on yet another publication on the dialect of il-Ba“andi in the Dakhla oasis. We sincerely hope that he will forgive us for this intrusion when he has had a chance to read the articles collected in this volume, and find the festive afternoon memorable at least. One of Manfred’s first experiences with dialect differences must have been when his classmates in Germany would tease him with his ach-Laut whenever he had come to the blackboard to be heard