Applying Relational Sociology This page intentionally left blank Applying Relational Sociology Relations, Networks, and Society Edited by François Dépelteau and Christopher Powell APPLYINGRELATIONALSOCIOLOGY Copyright©FrançoisDépelteauandChristopherPowell,2013. Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2013 978-1-137-37991-7 Allrightsreserved. Firstpublishedin2013by PALGRAVEMACMILLAN® intheUnitedStates—adivisionofSt.Martin’sPressLLC, 175FifthAvenue,NewYork,NY10010. WherethisbookisdistributedintheUK,Europeandtherestofthe World,thisisbyPalgraveMacmillan,adivisionofMacmillanPublishers Limited,registeredinEngland,companynumber785998,of Houndmills,Basingstoke,HampshireRG216XS. PalgraveMacmillanistheglobalacademicimprintoftheabove companiesandhascompaniesandrepresentativesthroughouttheworld. Palgrave®andMacmillan®areregisteredtrademarksintheUnited States,theUnitedKingdom,Europeandothercountries. ISBN 978-1-349-47904-7 ISBN 978-1-137-40700-9 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9781137407009 LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Applyingrelationalsociology:relations,networks,and society/editedbyFrançoisDépelteauandChristopherPowell. pages cm 1. Intergrouprelations. 2. Interpersonalrelations. 3. Social interaction. 4. Sociology. I. Dépelteau,François,1963– II. Powell,ChristopherJohn,1971– HM716.A662013 301—dc23 2013026021 AcataloguerecordofthebookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. DesignbyIntegraSoftwareServices Firstedition:December2013 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Contents ListofFiguresandTables vii NotesonContributors ix Introduction xv FrançoisDépelteauandChristopherPowell 1 RelationalSociologyandtheGlobalizedSociety 1 PierpaoloDonati 2 SpatialRelationalityandtheFallaciesofMethodological Nationalism:TheorizingUrbanSpaceandBinational SocialityinJewish-Arab“MixedTowns” 25 DanielMonterescu 3 SurvivalUnitsasthePointofDepartureforaRelational Sociology 51 LarsBoKaspersenandNormanGabriel 4 HumanTransactionMechanismsinEvolutionary Niches—aMethodologicalRelationalistStandpoint 83 OsmoKivinenandTeroPiiroinen 5 Bourdieu’sRelationalMethodinTheoryandin Practice:FromFieldsandCapitalstoNetworksand Institutions(andBackAgain) 101 JohnW.Mohr 6 TurningPointsandtheSpaceofPossibles:ARelational PerspectiveontheDifferentFormsofUncertainty 137 HarrisonC.White,FrédéricC.Godart,andMatthias Thiemann 7 RelationalPowerfromSwitchingacrossNetdoms throughReflexiveandIndexicalLanguage 155 JorgeFontdevilaandHarrisonC.White vi Contents 8 SocialRelationshipsbetweenCommunication,Network Structure,andCulture 181 JanA.Fuhse 9 ConnectingNetworkMethodstoSocialScience Research:HowtoParsimoniouslyUseDyadicMeasures asIndependentVariables 207 HeatherE.Price Index 227 List of Figures and Tables Figures 1.1 Thebasicassumptionsofmodern,postmodern,and trans-modernsociologies 13 1.2 Thebasicschemeoftheconstitutionofanactor’s (A)socialidentityintrans-modernsociety(e=ego; a=alter) 13 1.3 Theformsofsocialdifferentiation 18 2.1 Publicsignsofimpossibleloveandhate:Failed attemptstodrawaswastika 27 2.2 Publicsignsofimpossibleloveandhate:Adeclaration oflove—“FuadLoveOSNAT” 28 2.3 Relationalspatiality:Thesocio-spatialconfigurationof Jewish-Arabmixedtowns 32 2.4 PopulationmovementsinJaffa(1948todate) 35 2.5 Jewishattemptstoreclaimthemixedcity 40 5.1 Bourdieu’smodeloffieldspace(AfterP.Bourdieu, Distinction,figures5and6,pp.128and129.) 108 5.2 Lewin’sconceptionofhodologicalspace(After K.Lewin,FieldTheory,figures43and44,pp.256and 257.)(a)Positivecentralforce-field;(b)Negative centralforce-field 114 5.3 MohrandGuerra-Pearson’smodeloffieldspace. (AfterMohrandGuerra-Pearson,“Thedualityof Nicheandform,”figures1and2,pp.332and338.) 123 6.1 Overviewofthethreedisciplines:processes,valuation orders,andformsofuncertainty 143 6.2 Theinterplaybetweenambage,ambiguity,and contingency 149 8.1 TalcottParsons’sgeneralsystemofaction 189 9.1 Configurationsofcliquesbynumberofmembersand pathlength 221 viii List of Figures and Tables Tables AppendixA. Summarystatistics 211 9.1 Correlationmatrixofinterpersonal relationshipmeasures 214 9.2 TwelveindependentOLSregressionmodels ofprofessionalandsocialinteractionsatwork 215 9.3 OLSregressionmodelsofprofessionaland socialinteractionsatworkusingall12 interpersonalnetworkcharacteristicsineach model 216 9.4 Eigenvaluesfromtheprincipalcomponents factoranalysis 217 9.5 Factorloadingsofthedyadicnetwork characteristics 218 9.6 OLSregressionmodelsofprofessionaland socialinteractionsatworkusingallthree latentconstructsofinterpersonalnetwork characteristicsineachmodel 222 Notes on Contributors Pierpaolo Donati is Professor of Sociology at the University of Bologna (Italy). As past-president of the Italian Sociological Associa- tion,hehasservedasCounselloroftheBoardoftheIIS.Astheeditor ofthejournalSociologiaePoliticheSociali sinceitsfoundation,hehas directedmanynationalandinternationalsurveys.Heisknownasthe “foundingfather”oftheItalian“relationalsociology,”whichwasfirst advancedin1983anddevelopedin30yearsintothebookRelational Sociology:ANewParadigmfortheSocialSciences (Routledge2011). Jorge Fontdevila is Associate Professor of Sociology at California State University, Fullerton. He received a PhD in Sociology with distinctionfromColumbiaUniversityandanMAinCulturalAnthro- pology from the University of Chicago. He has published in a range of journals, including SociologicalTheory, Poetics, REDES, Archivesof Sexual Behavior, Social Theory & Health, Journal of Urban Health, American Journal of Public Health, Sex Roles, AIDS and Behavior, JournalofSubstanceAbuse, EvaluationandProgramPlanning, Jour- nal of Phonetics, Speech Communication, and Language and Speech. Dr. Fontdevila has extensive experience conducting sociobehavioral and prevention research among New York and Southern California populations disproportionately affected by HIV. He also publishes social theoretical research on the complex relationship between lin- guistic meaning and social networks. In particular, he explores the critical significance of language’s reflexive and indexical dimensions to sustain and manage ambiguity in a contemporary world of rapidly decouplingandpolymerizingnetworks. Jan Fuhse (1975) is currently a Heisenberg Fellow at the Institute of Social and Political Sciences, Humboldt University of Berlin. He has studied political science at Free University Berlin and Sociology at Warwick University. His doctorate in sociology at the Universität StuttgartfocusedontheroleofsocialnetworksintheItalianmigrant community in Germany. During a post-doc at Columbia University,