Applications and Innovations in Intelligent Systems XVI Tony Allen Richard Ellis Miltos Petridis Editors Applications and Innovations in Intelligent Systems XVI Proceedings of AI-2008, the Twenty-eighth SGAI International Conference on Innovative Techniques and Applications of Artificial Intelligence (cid:2)(cid:3)(cid:4) (cid:0) Tony Allen, BA, MSc, PhD Miltos Petridis, DipEng, MBA, PhD, Nottingham Trent University, UK MBCS, AMBA University of Greenwich, UK Richard Ellis, BSc, MSc Stratum Management Ltd, UK British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 978-1-84882-214-6 e-ISBN 978-1-84882-215-3 © Springer-Verlag London Limited 2009 Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms of licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside those terms should be sent to the publishers. The use of registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher makes no representation, express or implied, with regard to the accuracy of the information contained in this book and cannot accept any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions that may be made. Printed on acid-free paper Springer Science+Business Media springer.com v APPLICATION PROGRAMME CHAIR’S INTRODUCTION T.J.ALLEN Nottingham Trent University, UK This volume comprises the refereed application papers presented at AI-2008, the Twenty-eighth SGAI International Conference on Innovative Techniques and Applications of Artificial Intelligence, held in Cambridge in December 2008. The conference was organised by SGAI, the British Computer Society Specialist Group on Artificial Intelligence. This volume contains a range of referred papers presenting the innovative application of AI techniques in a number of subject domains. This year, the papers are divided into sections on Machine Learning, Web Technologies, Intelligent Systems and AI in Healthcare. The volume also includes the text of several short papers presented as posters at the conference. In 2005, SGAI instituted the Rob Milne Memorial Award for the best refereed application paper, in memory of the invaluable contribution to AI made by the late Dr Rob Milne, a long-standing and highly respected member of the SGAI committee and the wider AI community. This year the award was won by a paper entitled “Wireless LAN Load-Balancing with Genetic Algorithms”, by Ted Scully and Ken Brown of the Centre for Telecommunications Value-chain Research, Cork Constraint Computation Centre, University College Cork, Ireland. This is the sixteenth volume in the Applications and Innovations series. The Technical Stream papers are published as a companion volume under the title Research and Development in Intelligent Systems XXV. On behalf of the conference organising committee I should like to thank all those who contributed to the organisation of this year's application programme, in particular the programme committee members, the executive programme committee and our administrators Rachel Browning and Bryony Bramer. Tony Allen Application Programme Chair, AI-2008 vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS AI-2008 CONFERENCE COMMITTEE Dr. Miltos Petridis (Conference Chair and UK CBR Organiser) University of Greenwich Dr Frans Coenen (Deputy Conference Chair, Local Arrangements University of Liverpool and Deputy Technical Programme Chair) Prof. Adrian Hopgood (Workshop Organiser) De Montfort University Rosemary Gilligan (Treasurer) Dr Nirmalie Wiratunga (Poster Session Organiser) The Robert Gordon University Professor Max Bramer (Technical Programme Chair) University of Portsmouth Dr. Tony Allen (Application Programme Chair) Nottingham Trent University Richard Ellis (Deputy Application Program Chair) Stratum Management Ltd Alice Kerly (Research Student Liaison) University of Birmingham Dr. Kirsty Bradbrook (Research Student Liaison) Prof. Alun Preece (Committee Member) University of Cardiff Rachel Browning (Conference Administrator) BCS Bryony Bramer (Paper Administrator) vii APPLICATION EXECUTIVE PROGRAMME COMMITTEE Dr. Tony Allen, Nottingham Trent University (Chair) Mr. Richard Ellis, Stratum Management Ltd (Vice-Chair) Dr. Richard Wheeler, University of Edinburgh Dr. Frans Coenen, University of Liverpool viii APPLICATION PROGRAMME COMMITTEE Hatem Ahriz (Robert Gordon Phil Hall (Elzware Ltd) University) Chris Hinde (Loughborough Tony Allen (Nottingham Trent University) University) Adrian Hopgood (De Montfort Ines Arana (Robert Gordon University) University) Alice Kerly (University of Mercedes Argüello Casteleiro Birmingham) (University of Manchester) Paul Leng (University of Liverpool) David Bell (Queens University Belfast) Bai Li (The University of Nottingham) John Bland (Nottingham Trent University) Shuliang Li (University of Westminster) Kirsty Bradbrook (University of Hertfordshire / Vtesse Networks Derek Magee (University of Leeds) Ltd) Lars Nolle (Nottingham Trent Ken Brown (University College University) Cork) Miltos Petridis (University of Francisco Chiclana (De Montfort Greenwich) University) Miguel Salido (Universidad Euan Davidson (University of Politécnica de Valencia) Strathclyde) Roger Tait (Nottingham Trent Sarah Jane Delany (Dublin Institute University) of Technology) Wamberto Vasconcelos (University Richard Ellis (Stratum Management of Aberdeen) Ltd) Cornelius Weber (Frankfurt Institute Lindsay Evett (Nottingham Trent for Advanced Studies) University) Richard Wheeler (Human Computer Rosemary Gilligan (University of Learning Foundation) Hertfordshire) Patrick Wong (Open University) John Gordon (AKRI Ltd) ix CONTENTS BEST APPLICATION PAPER Wireless LAN Load-Balancing with Genetic Algorithms 3 Ted Scully and Kenneth N. Brown (Department of Computer Science, University College Cork, Ireland) MACHINE LEARNING 1 Computer Vision Systems for Manufacturing of Micro Workpieces 19 T.Baidyk and E.Kussul (National Autonomous University of Mexico), O.Makeyev (Clarkson University, USA) Recognition of Swallowing Sounds Using Time-Frequency Decomposition 33 and Limited Receptive Area Neural Classifier O.Makeyev, E.Sazonov, St.Schuckers and P.Lopez-Meyer (Clarkson University, USA), T.Baidyk (National Autonomous University of Mexico), E.Melanson (University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, USA), M.Neuman (Michigan Technological University, USA) Visualization of Agriculture Data Using Self-Organizing Maps 47 Georg Ruß and Rudolf Kruse (Otto-von-Guericke-Univ. Magdeburg, Germany), Martin Schneider (Agri Con GmbH, Germany), Peter Wagner (Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Germany) MACHINE LEARNING 2 Graph-based image classification by weighting scheme 63 Chuntao Jiang and Frans Coenen (University of Liverpool, UK) A Machine Learning Application for Classification of Chemical Spectra 77 M.G. Madden (College of Engineering & Informatics, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland), T. Howley (Analyze IQ Limited, Galway, Ireland) Learning to rank order - a distance-based approach 91 M.Dobrska, H.Wang and W.Blackburn (University of Ulster, UK) WEB TECHNOLOGIES Deploying Embodied AI into Virtual Worlds 103 D.J.H.Burden (Daden Limited) x Using Ontology Search Engines to support Users and Intelligent Systems 117 solving a range of tasks Derek Sleeman, Edward Thomas and Andy Aiken (University of Aberdeen, UK) Information Management for Unmanned Systems: Combining DL-Reasoning 131 with Publish/Subscribe H. Moser (University of Stuttgart, Germany), T. Reichelt (Chemnitz University of Technology, Germany), N. Oswald and S. Förster (EADS Military Air Systems, Germany) INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS Silog: Speech Input Logon 147 Sergio Grau, Tony Allen and Nasser Sherkat (Nottingham Trent University, UK) An Electronic Tree Inventory for Arboriculture Management 157 R.J. Tait, T.J. Allen, N. Sherkat, and M. Bellett-Travers, (Nottingham Trent University, UK) Conversational Agents in E-Learning 169 A.Kerly (University of Birmingham, UK), R.Ellis (Elzware Ltd, UK) and S.Bull (University of Birmingham, UK) AI IN HEALTHCARE Breast cancer diagnosis based on evolvable fuzzy classifiers and feature 185 selection S.Lekkas and L.Mikhailov (University of Manchester, UK) Executing Medical Guidelines on the Web: Towards Next Generation 197 Healthcare M. Arguello (University of Manchester, UK), J. Des (Complexo Hospitalario de Ourense, Spain), M.J. Fernandez-Prieto (University of Salford, UK), R. Perez (Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Spain) and H. Paniagua (University of Wolverhampton, UK) A Hybrid Constraint Programming Approach for Nurse Rostering Problems 211 Rong Qu and Fang He (University of Nottingham, UK) Using Evolved Fuzzy Neural Networks for Injury Detection from Isokinetic 225 Curves J. Couchet, J. M. Font and D. Manrique (Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain)