Prologis Building 13 Air Quality & Climate Change Assessment April 2013 (3237) Prepared for: Prologis 2817 East Cedar Street # 200 Ontario, California 91761 Prepared by: MIG|Hogle-Ireland 1500 Iowa Avenue, Suite 110 Riverside, California 92507 This document is formatted for double-sided printing to conserve natural resources. Prologis Building 13 Air Quality & Climate Change Assessment April 2013 San Bernardino County Table of Contents Table of Contents.................................................................................................. i List of Tables ........................................................................................................ ii List of Figures ...................................................................................................... ii List of Exhibits ..................................................................................................... iii Appendices ......................................................................................................... iii 1 Executive Summary ....................................................................................... 1 1.1 Project Description .......................................................................................1 1.2 Air Quality ...................................................................................................1 1.3 Climate Change ............................................................................................1 1.4 Mitigation Measures ......................................................................................2 2 Introduction ................................................................................................... 3 3 Environmental Setting ................................................................................... 5 3.1 Climate .......................................................................................................5 3.2 Regional Air Quality ......................................................................................5 3.3 Non-Attainment Status ................................................................................ 10 3.4 Local Air Quality ......................................................................................... 11 3.5 Sensitive Receptors .................................................................................... 15 3.6 Toxic Emission Sources ............................................................................... 15 3.7 Local Transportation ................................................................................... 15 3.8 Odors........................................................................................................ 15 3.9 Climate Change .......................................................................................... 16 3.9.1 Defining Climate Change ........................................................................ 16 3.9.2 Climate Change and California ................................................................ 19 4 Regulatory Framework ................................................................................. 27 4.1 Clean Air Act .............................................................................................. 27 4.2 California Clean Air Act ................................................................................ 27 4.3 Toxic Hotspots ........................................................................................... 27 4.4 California Code of Regulations ...................................................................... 28 4.5 2012 Air Quality Management Plan ............................................................... 29 4.6 SCAQMD Rule Book .................................................................................... 30 4.7 Executive Order S-3-05 ............................................................................... 30 4.8 California Global Warming Solutions Act ........................................................ 30 4.9 Sustainable Communities and Climate Protection Act ...................................... 31 4.10 Air Resources Board Scoping Plan .............................................................. 32 4.11 California Green Building Standards ........................................................... 32 4.12 San Bernardino County GHG Reduction Plan................................................ 34 4.13 Water Conservation in Landscaping Act ...................................................... 35 5 Project Description ...................................................................................... 37 6 Air Quality Impact Analysis .......................................................................... 41 6.1 Thresholds of Significance ........................................................................... 41 6.2 AQMP Consistency ...................................................................................... 42 6.3 Pollutant Emissions ..................................................................................... 42 6.3.1 Building Construction ............................................................................ 42 6.3.2 Operational Sources .............................................................................. 44 6.4 Localized Emissions .................................................................................... 45 6.4.1 Toxic Air Contaminants .......................................................................... 45 Prologis Building 13 (3237) i Table of Contents 6.4.2 Carbon Monoxide Hotspots ..................................................................... 47 6.5 Odors........................................................................................................ 48 6.6 Cumulative Impacts .................................................................................... 48 6.6.1 Cumulative Construction Impacts ............................................................ 48 6.6.2 Cumulative Operational Impacts ............................................................. 48 7 Climate Change Impact Analysis .................................................................. 51 7.1 Thresholds of Significance ........................................................................... 51 7.2 Direct and Indirect Emissions ....................................................................... 51 7.2.1 Short-Term Emissions ........................................................................... 51 7.2.2 Long-Term Emissions ............................................................................ 52 7.2.3 Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory ...................................................... 53 7.3 Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reductions .......................................................... 53 7.4 Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reduction Planning .............................................. 55 7.4.1 San Bernardino County Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reduction Plan ............. 55 7.4.2 Green County San Bernardino ................................................................ 56 8 Mitigation Measures ..................................................................................... 59 8.1 Required Mitigation ..................................................................................... 59 8.2 Regulatory Requirements and Standards ....................................................... 59 9 References ................................................................................................... 61 List of Tables Table 1 Ambient Air Quality Standards .......................................................................9 Table 2 South Coast Air Basin Attainment Status ....................................................... 11 Table 3 2008-2010 Local Air Quality ........................................................................ 13 Table 4 2008-2010 Air Quality Standards Exceedance ................................................ 13 Table 5 Global Warming Potential (GWP) of Greenhouse Gases (GHG) .......................... 18 Table 6 Scoping Plan Measures ................................................................................ 33 Table 7 CALGREEN Requirements ............................................................................ 34 Table 8 SCAQMD Maximum Daily Emissions Thresholds (lbs/days) ............................... 41 Table 9 Unmitigated Maximum Daily Construction Emissions (lbs/day) ......................... 43 Table 10 Mitigated Maximum Daily Construction Emissions for ROG (lbs/day) ............... 43 Table 11 Unmitigated Operational Daily Emissions (lbs/day) ....................................... 44 Table 12 Maximum Diesel Particulate Concentrations (µg/m3) ..................................... 46 Table 13 Cancer and Non-Cancer Risk ...................................................................... 47 Table 14 Long-Term Cumulative Emissions Reductions (tons/yr) ................................. 49 Table 15 Construction Greenhouse Gas Emissions ...................................................... 52 Table 16 Long-Term Greenhouse Gas Emissions ........................................................ 53 Table 17 Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory .......................................................... 53 Table 18 Reduced Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory ............................................. 54 List of Figures Figure 1 Redlands Wind Rose ....................................................................................6 Figure 2 Automated Distance vs. Concentration ......................................................... 46 ii Air Quality and Climate Change Assessment Table of Contents List of Exhibits Exhibit 1 Regional Context and Vicinity Map .............................................................. 23 Exhibit 2 Radius Map .............................................................................................. 25 Exhibit 3 Site Plan ................................................................................................. 39 Appendices Appendix A Air Quality Modeling Assumptions Appendix B CalEEMod Output Appendix C SCREEN3 and EMFAC2011 Outputs Appendix D CO Hotspot Screening Appendix E Hand Calculations Prologis Building 13 (3237) iii Table of Contents This Page Intentionally Left Blank iv Air Quality and Climate Change Assessment 1 Executive Summary Construction-related and operational emissions of criteria pollutants and toxic air contaminants were modeled and analyzed for the proposed Prologis Building 13 located on the southeast corner of River Bluff Avenue and Alabama Street in unincorporated San Bernardino County. This report also analyzes the project’s consistency with the South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) 2012 Air Quality Management Plan (AQMP) for the South Coast Air Basin. Cumulative impacts were analyzed using the methodology provided by the 1993 SCAQMD California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) Air Quality Handbook. The results of this report find that the thresholds established by SCAQMD for volume and receptor-specific criteria pollutant emissions and toxic air contaminants will not be exceeded. Additionally, this report models and analyzes construction- and operation-related emissions of greenhouse gases from the proposed project. This analysis utilizes guidance provided in the California Air Pollution Control Officers Association (CAPCOA) CEQA and Climate Change white paper and the Quantifying Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Measures handbook. Modeling of emissions utilizes the California Emissions Estimator Model (CalEEMod) v 2011.1.1. The results of this report find that the threshold established by the San Bernardino County for greenhouse gas emissions will not be exceeded, therefore, no mitigation is required. 1.1 Project Description The project is a 289,327 square foot (SF) industrial distribution warehouse on 13.29 acres (AC) located on the northeast corner of River Bluff Avenue at Alabama Street in unincorporated San Bernardino County, California (near Redlands). The project also includes office space (estimated at approximately 10,000 SF), 86,977 SF of landscaping, and a vegetated detention basin located along the west side of the project site on Alabama Street. The project site is currently vacant and sparsely vegetated with grasses. 1.2 Air Quality The project will not result in substantial emissions of oxides of nitrogen, volatile organic compounds (with mitigation incorporated), or particulate matter and would not exceed the regional growth assumptions used in the Air Quality Management Plan (AQMP). The project will not individually cause or cumulatively contribute to an air quality standard violation. Emissions of diesel particulate matter and carbon monoxide will not substantially impact sensitive receptors in vicinity of the project. The project will not expose a substantial number of people to odors. 1.3 Climate Change Greenhouse gas emissions will exceed the 3,000 metric tons carbon dioxide equivalent Tier 1 threshold identified in the San Bernardino County Greenhouse Gas Reduction Plan; however, the climate change analysis identifies a 33.49 percent reduction in greenhouse gas emissions from business-as-usual conditions, and thus will not result in a considerable contribute to climate change impacts. The project will not conflict with local or state greenhouse gas emissions strategies. Prologis Building 13 (3237) 1 Executive Summary 1.4 Mitigation Measures The following mitigation measures are required to ensure that project-related emissions do not exceed established thresholds. AQ1 Coating Restrictions. Prior to issuance of building permits, the project proponent shall submit, to the satisfaction of County Planning, a Coating Restriction Plan (CRP), consistent with South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) guidelines and a letter agreeing to include in any construction contracts and/or subcontracts a requirement that the contractors adhere to the requirements of the CRP. The CRP measures shall be implemented to the satisfaction of County Building and Safety. These shall include the following: • The volatile organic compounds (VOC) of proposed architectural coatings shall not exceed 25 g/l for interior applications. • The volatile organic compounds (VOC) of proposed architectural coatings shall not exceed 25 g/l for exterior applications. This measure shall conform to the performance standard that emissions of volatile organic compounds from application of interior or exterior coatings shall not exceed the daily emissions thresholds established by the South Coast Air Quality Management District. The CRP shall specify use of High-Volume, Low Pressure (HVLP) spray guns for application of coatings. GHG1 CALGREEN Requirements. Prior to issuance of building permits, the County Building and Safety Division shall verify that construction drawings reflect all applicable CALGREEN requirements of the California Building Code in the design of each proposed building, including use of low-flow fixtures. GHG2 Idling Restrictions. Tenants of the proposed project shall comply with State idling requirements. 2 Air Quality and Climate Change Assessment