I 1 PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT OF j ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS RELATED TO SPRAYING OF AGENT ORANGE HERBICIDE DURING THE VIET NAM WAR 1 1 VOLUME 2: APPENDICES Hatfield Consultants Ltd. NationalCommitteeForInvestigation ofthe 201-1571 BellevueAvenue ConsequencesoftheChemicalsUsed Duringthe WestVancouver, BC VietNam War(10-80Committee) Canada V7V 1A6 TonThatTUngStreet Tel: 84.48.522.479 Tel: (604)926.3261 DongDa Fax: 84.48.523.514 Fax: (604) 926.5389 HaNoi Email: [email protected] VietNam Website: www.hatfieldgroup.com [f=o[Q;~ HATFIELD CONSULTANTSLTD. 10-80 Committee October 1998 SuggestedCitationforthisReport: HatfieldConsultantsand 10-80Committee. 1998. Preliminaryassessmentofenvironmentalimpactsrelatedto sprayingofAgentOrangeherbicideduringtheVietNamwar. Volume 1:Report;Volume2: Appendices. HatfieldConsultantsLtd., WestVancouver, BC, Canada; 10-80Committee,HaNoi,VietNam. FrontCoverPhotos • Top: C-123 applyingherbicideoveruplandforestinVietNam.PhotocourtesyofDr. E.W.Pfeiffer,Missoula,Montana. • LowerLeft: ForestedareanearAluoiValley,untouchedbyherbicide(HatfieldConsultantsLtd. photo,January 1995). • LowerRight: Once-forestedareanearAluoiValleythatreceivedherbicideduringtheVietNamWar (HatfieldConsultantsLtd.photo,January 1995). BackCover • RadarsatimageofAluoiValleywithherbicidespraylinessuperimposed(el Plate5.1). 1 1 j f 1 l LIST OF APPENDICES [, ! VOLUME 2 Appendix Al Description ofthe Aluoi Valley Ecosystem r Appendix A2.1 • Spread Sheet Summaries and CongenerProfile Graphics of VietNarn DioxinData, 1996 and 1997, Incorporating Analytical Data Appearing in Appendices A2.2, A2.3 and A2.4 • StatisticsonHumanParticipants inthe Collection ofBlood for Dioxin Analyses, A So (AluoiValley), VietNarn, 1997 A2.2 Axys Analytical Reportto Hatfield Consultants Ltd. 1997 AnalyticalData on 1996 VietNam Samples A2.3 • Axys Analytical Reportto Hatfield Consultants Ltd. 1998 ), AnalyticalData on 1997 VietNam Samples r • Addendum AnalyticalDataon 1997 PCB/PesticideAnalyses - Reports and Batch Summary Sheets (See AppendixA2.2 for Analytical Protocols) A2.4 Environmental Technology Centre (ETC) (Environment Canada) Reportto Hatfield Consultants Ltd. February 1998 AnalyticalData on 1997 VietNam Samples A2.5 Tabulation ofDioxinAnalyses Summarizedfrom Specific Reference Materials (Provided Courtesy ofAxys Analytical Services, Sydney, BritishColumbia, Canada) Appendix A3 Dioxins and Furans inthe Environment: Sources, Levels, Fate and Toxicity \ r ,~ I Appendix A1 I ~ Description of the I' Aluoi Valley Ecosystem TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Introduction 1 Physical DescriptionofAluoi Valley l Geography and Geomorphology 1 \ ( Geology and Soils 5 \ Climate 10 I Ecosystem ofthe Aluoi Valley 12 Vegetation and Forests 12 AquaticEcosystem and Fish 27 Amphibians and Reptiles 32 Birds 33 Mammals 34 Socio-Economic Conditions inAluoi Valley 36 HumanPopulation 36 Public Health 38 Economic Activities 42 Aquaculture 43 References 44 1 t t l LIST OF TABLES TableAl.l Land areaaccording to slope and altitude classes ofAluoi District mapped at 1:50,0000 (datafrom FIPI 1995) 5 1 TableAl.2 The four major soil units, and 12 sub-units, from 1:50,000 soil mapping inAluoi District(datafrom FIPI 1995) 7 \ Table Al.3 Monthly mean temperature andtotal rainfall datafor Aluoi District { from 1991 to 1994 (datafrom General Departmentof Hydro-Meteorology [GDHM]) 10 I Table AlA Meteorological data for Aluoi District, Thua Thien Hue Province for the J' early 1990's (datafrom GDHM) 11 Table Al.5 Current (1990- 1995) landcoverdatafor Aluoi District (datafrom FIPI 1995) 14 Table Al.6 Post-war (1975) plannedlanduse for Aluoi District (datafrom FIPI 1995) 16 Table A1.7 Background ofplanned land use types as listed in Table A1.6 (datafrom FIPI 1995) 17 Table A1.8 List offorest inthe Aluoi District (datafrom PIPI 1995) .18 TableA1.9 General food chain ofthe Aluoi freshwater ecosystem 27 Table A1.10 Fish species collected from the A Sap River near Son Thuy village, Aluoi District (collected by Dr. Due in 1982 & June, 1995 and by T. Boivin and Dr. Levy April 1995) 28 Table A1.11 Fish species recorded inHong Van Village, Aluoi District (collected by Dr. Due, June 1995) 29 Table A1.12 Fish species collected from the Bo River, Hong HaVillage, Aluoi District (collectedby Dr. Due, June 1995) 30 Table A1.l3 Fish species inthe ponds ofthe Aluoi Valley (collectedby Dr. Due, June 1995) 31 Table A1.14 Amphibians and reptiles ofAluoi Valley (collectedby Dr. Due, June 1995).......32 Table A1.15 Birds ofAluoi Valley (collectedby Dr. Due, June 1995) 33 11 t l Table A1.16 Mammals ofAluoi Valley according to three surveys ITom 1952to 1995 (datacourtesy ofFIPI) .35 1 Table A1.17 Village populations, maincroplanduses andethnic minority representations (collectedbyMr. Hoang from 1 Peoples' Committee ofAluoi Valley [April 1995]) .37 Table Al.18 Staffing atthe hospital andclinics ofAluoiDistrict (datafrom the Vice Directorofthe DistrictHealth Centre) 39 Table A1.19 Serious diseases ofin-patients inAluoi Districtin 1994 .39 TableA1.20 Numberofcases ofmalariain 1994 invillages ofAluoi District (datafrom ThuaThienHue Province MalariaDepartment) .40 \ II Table A1.21 Numbers ofpersons pervillage inAluoi Districtsuffering from thyroid problems in 1994 (datafrom Districthealth clinics) .41 Table A1.22 Summary ofagricultural productioninAluoi Valley in 1994 .42 Table A1.23 Livestockraised inAluoi District .43 Table Al.24 Fish species currentlyused in aquaculture inAluoi District (datafrom FIPI 1995) 44 LIST OF FIGURES Figure A1.1 Aluoi Districtshowing villages andcommune boundaries 2 Figure A1.2 Topographic (elevationmap) ofAluoi District (datafrom FIPI 1995) .3 Figure A1.3 Mainroads and rivers ofAluoi District (datafrom PIPI 1995) .4 Figure A1.4 Soil map ofAluoi District (datafrom FIPI 1995) 6 Figure A1.5 Current (1991) landuse map ofAluoi District (datafrom FIPI 1995) 13 Figure A1.6 Planned land use for Aluoi District (datafrom FIPI 1995) 17 111 I I APPENDIXA1 DESCRIPTION OF THE ALUOI VALLEY ECOSYSTEM 1 INTRODUCTION ( The following Appendix includes a summary ofdata collected in Aluoi District between 1994 and 1996. The purpose ofthis Appendix is to provide background data on environmental setting \ in the study area and a context for the environmental sampling program. Data were collected through interviews and discussions with local Vietnamese agencies, and includes information from a variety ofpublished and unpublished sources. Most of the data were obtained by our Vietnamese collaborating scientists, and were translated into English by ourteam. PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION OF ALUOI VALLEY Geography and Geomorphology The Aluoi Valley is situated in Aluoi District approximately 65 km southwest ofthe city ofHue along the western side of Thua Thien Hue province in central Viet Nam (Figure Al.1). This narrow valley borders Laos to the west and was a major supply route along the Ho Chi Minh Trail from northern to southern Viet Nam during the war. The valley was of great strategic importance to the northern Vietnamese army moving into southern Viet Nam; considerable American efforts were spent to limit the flow ofpersonnel and materiel through this region. To limit the ability ofnorthern troops to move under cover, the Aluoi Valley was heavily bombed and sprayedwith herbicides, between 1965 and 1970. The Aluoi District covers 116,642 ha. Its main feature is the Aluoi Valley, which is approximately 30 km long, 3 km wide and surrounded by mountains ranging in height from 700 m to more than 1,000 m. The district's topography is mountainous; the Aluoi Valley is visible at -600 m elevation (Figure A1.2). It is orientated from northwest to southeast in the district's western region. Figure Al.3 shows the district's main road (Highway [or Route] 14A) and rivers. Table Al.1 summarizes slope and altitude data for Aluoi District. The average elevation is 500 to 600 m and most ofthe land has greater than 15° slope (source: Forest Inventory & Planning Institute [FlPI], Hue). CIDA614/BookiAppendixAl 1 .........-- - ~. "-'~-. Figure A1.1 Aluoi District showing commune boundaries. QUANGTRI PHONGOlEN o Aluoi District Boundary o Commune Boundary HUONGTHUY LAOS b o o ~ 16010 ' 1 LAOS N LAOS o hl:l 10 20 Kilometres VN614:FIG2_NEW5.APR --..-::- Figure A1.2 Topographic (elevation) map ofAluoi District (data from FIPI1995). Boundary c:=J Aluoi District Elevation (m) N100 N200 ~~gg N500 N600 N700 800 900 b 1000 o o j\'//1100 ~ 116010' N1200 N1300 N1400 N1500 N1600 N N1700 o 10 20 Kilometres hl:l VN614:CONTOUR1_NEW3.APR