APPENDICES A. Map Unit Descriptions i. Map unit abbreviations and names ii. Abbreviated map unit descriptions iii. Long map unit descriptions by region iv. Map units by geologic terrane B. MRDS Metallic Mines, Deposits, and Occurrences C. MRDS NonMetallic Mines, Deposits and Occurrences D. Geochemical Sample Analysis E. Puerto Rico MRDS Records and GSSEARCH Retrieval Software Appendix A. Map Unit Descriptions i. Map unit abbreviations and names The following list, sorted alphabetically by mnemonic, relates abbreviations and map unit name. Upper case letters represent age: K = Cretaceous; Q = Quaternary; T = Tertiary; TK = mixed or transitional ages. af Artificial fill Kabcj Formations A, B, C, & J Kac Achiote Conglomerate Kal Alonso Formation Kap Avispa and Perchas Formations, undivided Kav Avispa Formation Kba Barrazas Formation Kbo Boqueron Basalt Kca Cariblanco Formation Kcag Granodiorite of the Caguas pluton Kcam Camarones Sandstone Kcan Cancel Breccia Kcar Carraizo Breccia Kcb Cambalache Formation Kce Celada Formation Kcg Cerro Gordo Lava Kcn Canovanas Formation Kco Concepcion Formation Kcoa Coamo Formation Kcot Cotui Limestone Kctt Cotorra Tuff Kd Daguao Formation Kdh Diorite-hornblende gabbro Kdi Diorite Ke El Rayo Formation Keo El Ocho Formation Kf Figuera Lava Kfa Fajardo Formation Kfd Figuera and Daguao Formations, undivided Kfr Frailes Formation Kg Guaynabo Formation Kh Hato Puerco Formation Ki Infierno Formation Kib Intrusive breccia of the Daguao Formation Kja Jayuya Tuff KJa Amphibolite KJas Amphibolite-Serpentinite KJb Spillitized Basalt KJc Cajul Basalt KJm Mariquita Chert KJs Serpentinite Kl Lajas Formation Klm La Muda Formation Kln Los Negros Formation Klo Lomas Formation Km Melones Limestone Kma Magueyes Formation Kmag Martin Gonzalez Lava Kmal Malo Breccia Kmam Mameyes Formation Kman Manicaboa Formation Kmar Maravillas Formation Kmc Granodiorite of Morovis and Ciales stocks Kmo Monacillo Formation Kp Parguera Limestone Kpa Pajaros Tuff Kpe Penones Limestone Kper Perchas Formation Kpgg Granodiorite of plutonic complex of Punta Guayanes Kpgq Quartz diorite Kpgqm Quartz monzonite of plutonic complex of Punta Guayanes Kpi Pitahaya Formation Kpo Pozas Formation Kpob Two pyroxene olivine basalt Kpsg Granodiorite of the plutonic complex of Punta Guayanes Kpsq Quartz diorite of plutonic complex of Punta Guayanes Kr Robles Formation Kra Rio Abajo Formation Krp Rio de la Plata Sandstone Ks Sabana Grande Formation Ksl Granodiorite-quartz diorite of San Lorenzo batholith Kslg Mixed granodiorite-diorite of the San Lorenzo batholith Kslq Quartz diorite facies of Granodiorite of San Lorenzo Kso Santa Olaya Lava Kt Torrecilla Breccia Kta Tabonuco Formation Kte Tetuan Formation Kto Tortugas Andesite Ku Granodiorite-quartz diorite of the Utuado batholith Kv Vista Alegre Formation Qa Alluvium Qb Beach deposits Ql Landslide deposits Qs Swamp deposits QTs Blanket sand deposits Ta Aguada Limestone Tay Aymamon Limestone Tc Cuevas Limstone Tca Carreras Siltstone Tcb Cibao Formation Tcbg Guajataca Member of Cibao Formation Tcbga Almirante Sur Sand Lentil of Cibao Formation Tcbm Montebello Limestone Member of Cibao Formation Tcbmi Miranda Sand Member of Cibao Formation Tcbq Quebrada Arenas Limstone Member of Cibao Formation Tcbr Rio Indio Limstone Member of Cibao Fomation Tcm Camuy Formation Tco Corozal Limestone Td Porphyritic dacite Tfb Fault breccia Tg Guayo Formation Tga Gabbro Tgua Guanajibo Formation Thp Hornblende quartz diorite porphyry Tj Jicara Formation Tjd Juana Diaz Formation Tjo Jobos Formation TKa Anon Formation TKahp Augite-hornblende porphyry TKal Anon Formations and Lago Garzas, undivided TKam Anon and Maricao Formations, undivided TKamo Anon-Monserrate Formations, undivided TKap Augite andesite porphyry TKas Alkali syenite TKat Augite trachybasalt TKay Anon and Yauco Formations, undivided Tkaym Anon, Yauco, and Maricao Formations, undivided TKci Cibuco Formation TKda Amygdaloidal dacite TKdi Diorite TKg Diabasic gabbro TKgm Granodiorite quartz monzonite TKgu Guaracanal Formation TKh Porphyry Hornblende quartz-diorite TKha Hydrothermally altered rock TKhda Hornblende dacite TKk Quartz keratophyre TKl Lago Garzas Formation TKlam Lago Garzas, Anon, and Maricao Formations, undivided TKly Lago Garzas and Yauco Formations, undivided TKm Maricao Formation TKmly Maricao, Lago Garzas, and Yauco Formations, undivided TKmv Metavolcanic rock TKmy Maricao and Yauco Formations, undivided TKn Naranjito Formation TKqd Quartz diorite-granodiorite TKy Yauco Formation Tl Los Puertos Formation Tla Lares Limestone Tm Monserrate Formation Tmu Mucarabones Sand Tor Ortiz Formation Tpa Palmarejo Formation Tpo Ponce Limestone Tr Rio Culebrinas Formation Tra Raspaldo Formation Trd Rio Descalabrado Formation Trhp Rhyodacite porphyry Trp Rio Piedras Siltstone Ts San Sebastian Formation Ty Yunes Formation Appendix A. Map Unit Descriptions ii. Map unit descriptions The following list, sorted alphabetically by mnemonic, provides a geologic description of each map unit. af Artificial Fill (HOL0CENE)--Igneous, volcanic, and sedimentary rocks of various types Kabcj Formations A, B, C, and J (LOWER ?-UPPER ? CRETACEOUS) (Berryhill and Glover, 1960; Pease and Briggs, 1960)--Non-pillowed lava flows, volcanic breccia, sandstone, conglomerate, and minor limestone, siltstone, and tuff. Estimated thickness exceeds 5,000 m. Exposed in the Cayey, Patillas, Caguas, Comerio, and Yabucoa quadrangles Kac Achiote Conglomerate (MAESTRICHTIAN-SANTONIAN)(Mattson, 1967, 1968b; Krushensky and Monroe, 1975; Briggs, 1971; Glover, 1973)--Boulder and cobble conglomerate basalt and andesite clasts similar to the Jayuya, Vista Alegre, and Cotorra Formations. Lithologically similar sandstone andm udstone are interbedded. Maximum estimated thickness, l,800 m. Exposed in the Jayuya, Ponce, and Orocovis quadrangles Kal Alonso Formation (UPPER ? CRETACEOUS)(Nelson and Monroe, 1966; Nelson, 1967b; Nelson and Tobisch, 1968)--Welded and non-welded ash-flow tuff. Minor coarse tuff, laharic breccia, volcanic sandstone, and thin andesitic lava flows interbedded locally with the ash-flow tuff sequence. Maximum estimated thickness, 2,000 m. Exposed in the Florida, Bayaney, and Utuado quadrangles Kap Avispa and Perchas Formations undivided. Kav Avispa Formation (UPPER ? CRETACEOUS)(Berryhill, 1965; Nelson, 1966, 1967a; Briggs, 1971; Nelson and Monroe, 1966; Mattson, 1968b)--Pillowed lava flows and interbedded tuffaceous sandstone, some volcanic breccia/conglomerate, and a local calcarenite. Maximum estimated thickness ,l800 m. Exposed in the Ciales, Corozal, Orocovis, Jayuya, and Florida quadrangles Kba Barrazas Formation (UPPER CENOMANIAN)(Seiders, 1971a, 1971c)-- Volcanic sandstone and volcaniclastic breccia and mudstone. Maximum estimated thickness, l,l00 m. Exposed in the Gurabo quadrangle Kbo Boqueron Basalt (UPPER CRETACEOUS ?)(Volckmann, 1984c, 1984d) Dark grayish-brown, locally amygdaloidal, nonpillowed, porphyritic basalt flows. Maximum estimated thickness, l50 m. Exposed in the Puerto Real quadrangle Kca Cariblanco Formation (LOWEST CAMPANIAN-UPPER SANTONIAN) (Berryhill and others, 1960; Glover, 1961, 1973; Briggs, 1971; Briggs and Gelabert, 1962; Briggs and Glover, 1960)--Volcaniclastic conglomerate, sandstone, siltstone, lava and limestone; composed dominantly of hornblende dacite welded ash-flow tuff, amygdaloidal plagioclase-pyroxene biotite andesite, and subordinate sandstone, siltstone, and limestone clasts. One pillowed basaltic lava flow. Maximum estimated thickness, ,l000 m. Exposed in the Rio Descalabrado, Orocovis, Coamo, Barranquitas, and Cayey quadrangles Kcag Granodiorite of Caguas Pluton (POST MIDDLE ALBIAN) (Rogers, 1979; Pease, 1968b; Broedel, 1961; Seiders, 1971a)--Granodiorite, foliate near contacts, autoclastic intrusion breccia present near margins; hornblende-richa utoliths(?) or xenoliths(?) are locally common. Exposed in theC aguas, Aguas Buenas, Juncos, and Gurabo quadrangles Kcam Camarones Sandstone (UPPER ? CRETACEOUS)(Pease, 1968a, 1968b, 1968c) Locally carbonaceous volcaniclastic siltstone interbedded with tuffaceous sandstone, and minor volcanic conglomerate, local lava flows.M aximum known thickness, 950 m. Exposed in the Aguas Buenas and Naranjito quadrangles Kcan Cancel Breccia (UPPER ? CRETACEOUS)(Pease, 1968a, 1968c, 1967)- Andesitic tuff breccia, volcanic breccia, and lava. Maximum exposed thickness 2,000 m. Exposed in the Naranjito and Corozal quadrangles Kcar Carraizo Breccia (LOWER TURONIAN-MIDDLE CENOMANIAN) (Pease, 1968a, 1968b)--Pumiceous volcanic breccia and subordinate volcanic sandstone and tuffaceous siltstone and tuff. Minimum estimated thickness, ,l400 m. Exposed in the northeastern Aguas Buenas quadrangle. Maximum estimated thickness, 90 m. Exposed in the Aguas Buenas quadrangle Kcb Cambalache Formation (TURONIAN)(Seiders, 1971a, 1971b, 1971c)-- Pumiceous volcanic breccia, sandstone, mudstone, and, locally, welded ash-flow tuff. Maximum known thickness, 600 m., typically, 350-450 m thick. Exposed in theG urabo and El Yunque quadrangles Kce Celada Formation (POST TURONIAN ? CRETACEOUS)(Seiders, 1971,a, 1971c)--Pillowed basaltic lava flows andh yaloclastite breccia, volcanic breccia, and pumiceous volcanic sandstone and mudstone. Flows are identical with the Infierno Formation. Maximum estimated thickness, 600 m. Exposed in theG urabo quadrangle Kcg Cerro Gordo Lava (LOWER ? CRETACEOUS)(Pease, 1968a, 1968c)-- Basaltic andesite lava, flow-breccia, and minor tuff and tuff-breccia. Maximum estimated thickness, l,l00 m. Exposed in the Naranjito quadrangle Kcn Canovanas Formation (LOWER SANTONIAN-UPPER TURONIAN) (Seiders, 1971a, 1971b, 1971c)--Basaltic, volcanic sandstone, mudstone. Maximum estimated thickness, 200 m. Exposed in the Gurabo and El Yunque quadrangles Kco Concepcion Formation (MAESTRICHTIAN-CAMPANIAN)(McIntyre and others, 1970; McIntyre, 1974; Tobisch and Turner, 1971)--Massive, pillowed basaltic lava flows and volcanic breccia interbedded with tuff. Formation rarely includes thin foraminiferal limestone lenses. T hickness unknown. Exposed in the Maricao and San Sebastian quadrangles Kcoa Coamo Formation (LOWER MAESTRICHTIAN-UPPER SANTONIAN) (Glover, 1961; Mattson, 1967, 1968b; Glover and Mattson, 1973; Berryhill and others, 1960; Briggs, 1971; Krushensky and Monroe, 1975)--Tuff, and volcanic breccia. Locally includes andesitic lava flows, and lenses ofc alcarenite. Maximum estimated thickness, 300 m. Exposed in the Coamo, Rio Descalabrado, Orocovis, Ponce, and Jayuya quadrangles Kcot Cotui Limestone (LOWER MAESTRICHTIAN-UPPERMOST LOWER CAMPANIAN) (Mattson, 1960; Volckmann, 1984b, 1984c, 1984d)--Massive limestone, local basal conglomerate with clasts of lava of underlying Lajas Formation. Maximum thickness, 75 m. Exposed in the Puerto Real and San German quadrangles Kctt Cotorra Tuff (UPPER ? CRETACEOUS)(Briggs, 1967, 1971; Briggs and Gelabert, 1962; Krushensky and Monroe, 1975; Mattson, 1968b)--Basaltic hyaloclastite- breccia. At base and top, consists of pillowed very basalt flows. Maximum estimated thickness, 500 m. Exposed in the Orocovis, Barranquitas, Ponce, and Jayuya quadrangles Kd Daguao Formation (LOWER CRETACEOUS ?)(M'Gonigle, 1977, 1978, 1979)--Massive andesitic interbedded volcaniclastic breccia, lava, and subordinate sandstone and crystal tuff. Maximum estimated thickness, ,l000 m. Exposed in the Humacao, Naguabo, and Punta Puerca quadrangles Kdh DIORITE-HORNBLENDITE-GABBRO (UPPER ? CRETACEOUS) (M'Gonigle, 1978; Rogers, 1977)--Hornblende diorite intermixed withh ornblendite. Hornblende gabbro locally intrudes and is mapped with the diorite. Exposed in the Humacao and Punta Guayanes quadrangles Kdi Diorite (CAMPANIAN ? ALBIAN ?)(Rogers, 1977, 1979; Glover, 1982; Rogers and others, 1979; Glover, 1961a; Berryhill, 1965; Mattson and Glover, 1973)-- Locally porphyritic, hornblende-rich diorite. Autoclastic intrusion breccia present near margins and locally in interior of stocks. Widely altered. A utoliths and/or xenoliths are widely present. Exposed in the Punta Guayanes, Patillas, Yabucoa, Coamo, and Caguas quadrangles Ke El Rayo Formation (UPPER TO MIDDLE MAESTRICHTIAN) (Volckmann, 1984b, 1984c; Krushensky and Monroe, 1979)--Massive, dark grayish- purple andesitic and basaltic lava with interbedded limestone. Thickness unknown. Exposed in the San German, Sabana Grande, and Punta Verraco quadrangles Keo El Ocho Formation (CENOMANIAN ?)(Pease, 1968a, 1968b, 1968c; Nelson, 1967)--Volcaniclastic breccia and tuff, with interbedded andesitic lava flows near base. Maximum estimated thickness, 825 m. Exposed in theC orozal, Naranjito, and Aguas Buenas quadrangles Kf Figuera Lava (LOWER CRETACEOUS ?)(Briggs, 1973; Briggs and Aguilar, 1980; M'Gonigle, 1979)--Massive andesitic lava, locally pillowed, interlayered with very minor autobrecciated lava, tuffaceous sandstone, siltstone, and hyaloclastite breccia. Includes one thin unit of non-welded ash-flow tuff. Maximum estimated thickness, 2,000 m. Exposed in the Fajardo, Cayo Icacos, Naguabo, and Punta Puerca quadrangles Kfa Fajardo Formation (MIDDLE ? ALBIAN)(Briggs, 1973; Briggs and Aguilar, 1980; M'Gonigle, 1978, 1979; Seiders, 1971b)--Basal tuff breccia interbedded with tuff, and tuffaceous sandstone and black cherty siltstone. Maximum estimated thickness, 3,l50 m. Exposed in the Fajardo, Cayo Icacos, Naguabo, and Humacao quadrangles, and in the El Yunque quadrangle where it was mapped as unnamed volcaniclastic rocks Kfd Figuera Lava and Daguao Formation Interbedded--Locally interbedded rocks characteristic of the Figuera Lava and Daguao Formations. Exposed in the Naguabo quadrangle Kfr Friales Formation (CAMPANIAN)(Seiders, 1971a, 1971b, 1971c; Pease, 1968b, Pease and Briggs, 1972; Monroe, 1977)--Calcareous mudstone, volcaniclastic sandstone, conglomeratic sandstone, volcanic breccia, and locally, pillowed basaltic lava flows. Maximum estimated thickness,l ,lOO m. Exposed in the Aquas Buenas, Carolina, Gurabo, Rio Grande, and El Yunque quadrangles Kg Guynabo Formation (LOWER SANTONIAN-UPPER CENOMANIAN) (Pease, 1968a)--Interbedded volcanic sandstone and tuffaceous siltstone and volcanic conglomerate, pillowed andesitic lava flows at the base and middle of formation. Maximum thickness 1,600 m. Exposed in the Aguas Buenas quadrangle. Kh Hato Puerco Formation (TURONIAN-LOWER CENOMANIAN) (Seiders, 1971a, 1971b, 1971c; Pessagno, 1976; Briggs and Aguilar, 1980)--Andesitic to basaltic volcaniclastic sandstone and breccia, mudstone, conglomerate, and lava. Maximum estimated thicknesses 2,600 m. Exposed in the Gurabo, El Yunque, Fajardo, and Cayo Icacos quadrangles; previously mapped as part of the Carraizo Breccia in the Aguas Buenas quadrangle to the west Ki Infierno Formation (TURONIAN)(Seiders, 1971a, 1971b)--Pillowed, basaltic andesite lava, volcanic breccia, volcaniclastic sandstone, and mudstone. Maximum thickness known, 900 m. Exposed in the Gurabo quadrangle. Kib Intrusive Daguao Breccia (LOWER? CRETACEOUS)(M'Gonigle, 1977, 1978, 1979)--Massive breccia like the Daguao Formation. Intrudes bedded tuff, breccia, and lava flows of the Daguao Formation. Exposed in the Naguabo quadrangle Kja Jayuya Tuff (CRETACEOUS ?)(Mattson, 1967, 1968a, 1968b)--basaltic crystal-lithic tuff and fine-grainedh yaloclastite; subordinate silicified mudstone and volcanic sandstone. Locally metamorphosed to feldspar hornblendeh ornfels, gneiss, and schist. Maximum estimated thickness, 900 m. Exposed in theJ ayuya and Adjuntas quadrangles KJa Amphibolite (CRETACEOUS ?-PRE-CRETACEOUS ?)(Mattson, 1960; Tobisch, 1968; Volckmann 1984a, 194b, 1984c; Krushensky and Monroe, 1979)--Dark- to light-gray-green, amphibolite. Present both as discrete massive outcrops and as blocks of various sizes in serpentinite. Exposed in the Cabo Rojo, Parguera, San German, Mayaguez, and Punta Verraco quadrangles KJas Amphibolite-Serpentinite (CRETACEOUS ?-PRE-CRETACEOUS ?) (Volckmann, 1984a, 1984b)--Blocks of amphibolite held in a matrix of serpentinite. Exposed in the Parguera and San German quadrangles KJb Spilitized Basalt (LOWER CRETACEOUS ?-PRE-UPPER KIMMERIDGIAN?)(Mattson,1960;Curet, 1986)--Massive, locally vesicular, dark greenish-gray spilitized basalt. Exposed in the Mayaguez quadrangle KJc Cajul Basalt (LOWER CRETACEOUS ?-UPPER JURASSIC ?) (Volckmann, 1984a, 1984b, 1984c)--Dark purplish-red amygdaloidal, pillowed, porphyritic basalt flows, with phenocrysts of plagioclase and olivine. T hickness unknown. Exposed in the San German, Cabo Rojo, Parguera, and Puerto Real quadrangles KJm Mariquita Chert (MIDDLE TURONIAN ?-UPPER KIMMERIDGIAN- LOWER- TITHONIAN UNDIVIDED)(Mattson, 1973; Mattson and Pessagno, 1974, 1979; Volckmann, 1984a, 1984b, 1984c; Krushensky and Monroe, 1979)--Laminated, fine-grained, dark-gray chert. Contains abundant to sparse radiolaria, and locally, Foraminifera. Locally interbedded with recrystallized and largelys ilicified limestone(?), and with non-metamorphosed pillowed basalt. Maximum estimated thickness, 300 m. Exposed in the Cabo Rojo, Puerto Real, San German, Parguera, and Punta Verraco quadrangles KJs Serpentinite (CRETACEOUS ?-PRE-CRETACEOUS ?)(Curet, 1986; McIntyre, 1975; Mattson, 1960, 1973; Krushensky and Monroe, 1978; Volckmann, 1984a, 1984b, 1984c)--Sheared light- to dark-green, serpentinite; chiefly altered harzburgite. Epiclastic serpentinite is poorly sorted, unsheared, and retains a characteristic epiclastic appearance in both clasts and matrix. Exposed in the Mayaguez, Rosario, Maricao, Sabana Grande, Yauco, Punta Verraco, Parguera, Cabo Rojo, San German, and Puerto Real quadrangles