APOSTLE of UNION CIVIL WAR AMERICA ——— Peter S. Carmichael, Caroline E. Janney, and Aaron Sheehan-Dean, editors This landmark series interprets broadly the history and culture of the Civil War era through the long nineteenth century and beyond. Drawing on diverse approaches and methods, the series publishes historical works that explore all aspects of the war, biographies of leading commanders, and tactical and campaign studies, along with select editions of primary sources. Together, these books shed new light on an era that remains central to our understanding of American and world history. APOSTLE of UNION A Political Biography of Edward Everett MATTHEW MASON The University of North Carolina Press CHAPEL HILL This book was published with the assistance of the Thornton H. Brooks Fund of the University of North Carolina Press. © 2016 The University of North Carolina Press All rights reserved Designed and set in Bembo and Albertan types by Rebecca Evans Manufactured in the United States of America The University of North Carolina Press has been a member of the Green Press Initiative since 2003. Jacket illustration: portrait of Edward Everett by George P. A. Healy, ca. 1842–43. Courtesy The Newberry Library, Chicago, Call # NL Artifact 20. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Mason, Matthew, 1968– Title: Apostle of Union : a political biography of Edward Everett / Matthew Mason. Other titles: Civil War America (Series) Description: Chapel Hill : The University of North Carolina Press, [2016] | Series: Civil War America | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2016000576 | ISBN 9781469628608 (cloth : alk. paper) | ISBN 9781469628615 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Everett, Edward, 1794–1865. | Legislators—United States— Biography. | Statesmen—United States—Biography. | Governors—Massachusetts— Biography. | United States. Congress—Biography. | United States—Politics and government—1783–1865. | United States—History—Civil War, 1861–1865. Classification: LCC E340.E8 M37 2016 | DDC 328.73092—dc23 LC record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2016000576 For Stacie, Emily, Hannah, and Rachel Contents Acknowledgments Introduction 1 Scholar, Preacher, and Paper Warrior 2 The House DOUGHFACE 3 The House WHIG NATIONALIST 4 The Governor and the Abolitionists 5 Good Cop MINISTER TO GREAT BRITAIN 6 Harvard President and Semi-Private Citizen 7 Shooting Star in Washington SECRETARY OF STATE AND SENATOR 8 Saving Mount Vernon 9 Last Ditches UNION MEETINGS, THE ELECTION OF 1860, AND THE SECESSION CRISIS 10 Civil Warrior Conclusion Appendix A Appendix B Notes Bibliography Index Figures Portrait of Everett by Anson Dickinson, 1828 47 Portrait of Everett by George P. A. Healy, c. 1842–43 132 “Mount Vernon March,” sheet music cover 233 “Bell Traitor, Everett Patriot,” Civil War engraving 275 Everett envelope, from the Civil War 280 Everett portrait, Civil War years 281 Everett’s grave and the Washington monument tower at Mount Auburn Cemetery 315