5 5 STEPS TOA AP U.S. Government and Politics Other books in McGraw-Hill’s 5 STEPS TO A 5SERIES include: AP Biology AP Calculus AB/BC AP Chemistry AP Computer Science AP English Language AP English Literature AP European History AP Microeconomics/Macroeconomics AP Physics B and C AP Psychology AP Spanish Language AP Statistics AP U.S. History AP World History 11 Practice Tests for the AP Exams Writing the AP English Essay 5 5 STEPS TOA AP U.S. Government and Politics 2008–2009 Pamela K. Lamb Revised by Peggy J. Martin M G -H C RAW ILL New York Chicago San Francisco Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Milan New Delhi San Juan Seoul Singapore Sydney Toronto Copyright © 2008, 2004 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. 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DOI: 10.1036/0071497986 For more information about this title, click here CONTENTS Preface, ix Acknowledgments, xi About the Authors, xiii Introduction: The Five-Step Program, xv STEP 1 Set Up Your Study Program, 1 1 What You Need to Know About the AP U.S. Government and Politics Exam, 3 Background of the Advanced Placement Program, 3 Some Frequently Asked Questions About the AP U.S. Government and Politics Exam, 4 2 How to Plan Your Time, 9 Three Approaches to Preparing for the AP U.S. Government and Politics Exam, 9 Calendar for Each Plan, 11 STEP 2 Determine Your Test Readiness, 15 3 Take a Diagnostic Exam, 17 Diagnostic Exam: U.S. Government and Politics, 21 Answers and Explanations, 31 Rubrics for Free-Response Essays, 36 STEP 3 Develop Strategies for Success, 37 4 Section I of the Exam: How to Approach the Multiple-Choice Questions, 39 Introduction to the Multiple-Choice Section of the Exam, 39 Types of Multiple-Choice Questions, 40 Strategies for Answering the Multiple-Choice Questions, 40 Scoring the Multiple-Choice Section, 41 U.S. Government and Politics, 45 Answers and Explanations, 56 5 Section II of the Exam: How to Approach the Free-Response Essay, 63 Introduction to the Free-Response Essay, 63 Types of Free-Response Prompts, 65 Developing the Free-Response Essay, 65 Rubrics for the Free-Response Essay, 66 Final Comments—Some Helpful Hints, 66 U.S. Government and Politics, 68 Rubrics for Free-Response Essays, 72 STEP 4 Review the Knowledge You Need to Score High, 73 6 Architecture and Development of U.S. Government, 75 Principles of Government, 76 Origins of American Government, 77 The United States Constitution, 82 ❮ v vi ❯ Contents Review Questions, 86 Answers and Explanations, 87 Rapid Review, 88 7 Federalism, 89 The Constitutional Basis of Federalism, 90 Federalism in Practice, 90 Establishing National Supremacy, 91 Federalism Today, 92 Review Questions, 94 Answers and Explanations, 96 Rapid Review, 97 8 Political Culture, 99 American Democratic Values, 99 Political Socialization, 100 Public Opinion, 100 Review Questions, 102 Answers and Explanations, 103 Rapid Review, 104 9 Political Parties, 105 Roles of Political Parties, 105 Party Systems, 106 What Do Political Parties Do?, 106 Party Identification and Membership, 106 The Two-Party Tradition in America, 107 Third or Minor Parties, 109 Structure and Organization of Political Parties, 109 Future of Political Parties, 110 Review Questions, 111 Answers and Explanations, 113 Rapid Review, 114 10 Voting and Elections, 115 Participation and Voting, 115 Types of Elections, 118 Campaign Finance, 120 Review Questions, 122 Answers and Explanations, 124 Rapid Review, 125 11 Interest Groups and the Mass Media, 127 Interest Groups, 127 Mass Media, 129 Biases in the Media, 132 Review Questions, 133 Answers and Explanations, 135 Rapid Review, 136 12 The Legislative Branch, 137 Structure of Congress, 138 Organization of Congress, 138 Election to Congress, 138 Leadership of Congress, 139 Contents ❮ vii The Committee System, 140 Congressional Staff and Support, 141 Roles of Members of Congress, 141 Privileges of Members of Congress, 141 Powers of Congress, 141 The Lawmaking Process, 142 Legislative Tactics, 143 Influences on Congress, 143 Review Questions, 145 Answers and Explanations, 147 Rapid Review, 148 13 The Executive Branch and the Bureaucracy, 149 Constitutional Origins of the Presidency, 149 The Road to the White House, 151 The Vice Presidency, 151 Presidential Powers, 152 Limitations on Presidential Powers, 153 Presidential Character, 153 The Bureaucracy, 154 The Executive Office of the President (EOP), 155 Executive Departments, 156 Review Questions, 157 Answers and Explanations, 159 Rapid Review, 160 14 The National Judiciary, 161 The Federal Court System, 161 Structure of the Judicial System, 162 Judicial Selection, 163 The Court at Work, 164 Courts as Policymakers, 165 Judicial Philosophy, 166 Review Questions, 167 Answers and Explanations, 169 Rapid Review, 170 15 Civil Liberties and Civil Rights, 171 Civil Liberties, 171 Freedom of Religion, 172 Freedom of Speech, 173 Freedom of the Press, 174 Freedom of Assembly and Petition, 175 Property Rights, 175 Right to Privacy, 176 Rights of the Accused, 176 Civil Rights, 177 The Civil Rights Movement, 177 Other Minorities, 178 Affirmative Action, 180 Review Questions, 181 Answers and Explanations, 182 Rapid Review, 183 viii ❯ Contents 16 The Politics and Public Policymaking, 185 The Policymaking Process, 185 Domestic Policy, 186 Economic Policy, 188 Foreign and Defense Policy, 189 Review Questions, 191 Answers and Explanations, 193 Rapid Review, 194 STEP 5 Build Your Test-Taking Confidence, 195 AP U.S. Government and Politics Practice Exam 1, 199 Answers to Multiple-Choice Questions, 211 Answers and Explanations, 212 Rubrics for Free-Response Essays, 217 AP U.S. Government and Politics Practice Exam 2, 221 Answers to Multiple-Choice Questions, 231 Answers and Explanations, 232 Rubrics for Free-Response Essays, 237 Appendix, 239 Web Sites Related to the Advanced Placement Exam, 241 Glossary of Terms, 242 PREFACE Welcome to AP U.S. Government and Politics. I am, first and foremost, a teacher who has taught advanced placement to many students who have successfully taken the AP exam. I am also a table leader and reader—one of those crazy teachers who spends a week in the sum- mer reading thousands of student free-response essays. With this guide I hope to share with you what I know, including what I have learned from students and other AP teachers, to help you be successful on the exam. The second edition of this manual includes two diagnostic exams to allow you additional practice of your knowledge and skills in AP U.S. Government and Politics. The multiple- choice section of the second diagnostic exam appears in Chapter 4, while the free-response questions appear in Chapter 5. The content of Chapter 6 through Chapter 16 is updated to reflect acts of Congress and Supreme Court cases that affect U.S. government since the pub- lication of the first edition. Complete answers and explanations, both to the chapter review questions and the multiple-choice sections of the diagnostic and practice exams, are now provided to broaden your understanding of correct responses and explain why wrong answer choices are incorrect. My philosophy is not to teach onlyfor the AP exam. Instead, my goal is to help students develop skills and abilities that lead to advanced levels of aptitude in government and politics. These are the same skills that will enable you to do well on the AP U.S. Government and Politics exam. My aim is to remove your nervousness and to improve your comfort level with the test. I believe that you are already motivated to succeed; otherwise, you would not have come this far. And obviously, you would not have purchased this prep book. Since you have taken or are already taking a government and politics class, this book is going to supplement your course readings, writing, and analysis. I am going to give you the opportunity to practice the skills and techniques that I know from experience really work! I am confident that if you apply the techniques and processes presented in this book, you can succeed. Let’s begin. ❮ ix Copyright © 2008, 2004 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Click here for terms of use.