Introduction The Army requires that candidates for Officer Training have certain mental abilities. These mental abilities are measured by three tests that are described in this booklet. It is essential that you read this booklet carefully so that you will understand the types of test you will be asked to take whilst at the Army Officers Selection Board (AOSB). The three tests of mental ability you will be asked to do at the AOSB are: Verbal Reasoning Numerical Reasoning Abstract Reasoning The purpose of this booklet is to give you some information about why the tests are used, what to expect at the testing session, and tips on how to do your best at the tests. It will also give you a chance to have a go at the types of question you will see in the Verbal, Numerical and Abstract Reasoning tests. Using this booklet It is important that you use the time you have been given to read this booklet well. Find a quiet place, free from interruptions. Read the information in this booklet carefully and have a go at the practice questions. You should mark your answers to the practice questions on the answer sheet provided at the end of this booklet. When you have attempted the practice questions, check your answers against the correct answers also given at the end of this booklet. Make sure you understand the solutions to all the practice questions, as this will help you when you take the real tests. Taking the actual tests You will take the Verbal, Numerical and Abstract tests on computer. All responses to the tests are given using the mouse. It is important to read the instructions for each test carefully. You can see a summary of these during the test by clicking on the question mark button, but this will give you less time to answer the questions. After the instructions, you will see example questions and have a chance to try some further practice questions. The tests are strictly timed, and you may not finish all of the questions in the time allowed. You should work quickly, but not so quickly that you make unnecessary mistakes. If you cannot answer a question, you can skip it and come back to it later if you have time. You will be given some paper to make notes or to do any rough-working during the tests. Verbal Reasoning - Instructions The Verbal Reasoning test looks at your ability to think logically about written information. In this test, you will see passages of text, followed by statements relating to the text. You have to read each passage of text carefully and then decide whether each statement follows logically from the information in the passage. For each statement there are three answer options you can choose from: True, False or Can’t tell. True This means that, on the basis of the information in the passage, the statement is true or logically follows from the passage. False This means that, on the basis of the information in the passage, the statement is false. Can’t tell This means that you cannot tell from the information in the passage whether the statement is true or false. When deciding on whether a statement is true, false or you can’t tell, it is important to base your answer only on the information in the passage and not on any other knowledge you may have. Your task is simply to judge whether or not the statement follows logically from the passage. Look at the example on the next pages, and then have a go at the practice statements on the following pages. Mark your answers to the practice statements on the answer sheet provided, by putting a tick through ‘True’, ‘False’ or ‘Can’t tell’ for each. In the real test you will indicate your answers by clicking on them with a computer mouse. You will have 40 questions to answer in 15 minutes. 2 Verbal Reasoning – Example The word ‘weather’ is used to describe the day-to-day changes in our atmosphere. The source of these changes is the sun. As the Earth spins at an angle to the sun, areas around the equator get more heat from the sun than other areas. Land also absorbs more heat than the sea. The atmosphere tries to equalise these differences in temperature, moving hot air that is near the equator to colder areas near the North and South Pole, and cool air to warmer areas. This movement of air is also affected by the spinning of the Earth and friction between the air and land. This process creates areas of high and low pressure in the atmosphere that result in the weather we experience on the ground. E1. Warm air tends to move towards the equator. The answer to this question is “False.” Explanation: The passage tells us that the atmosphere moves ‘hot air that is near the equator to colder areas near the North and South Pole’ and ‘cool air to warmer areas’. Warmer air therefore moves away from the equator, not towards it. E2. The sea cools down more quickly than land. The answer to this question is “Can’t tell.” Explanation: The passage tells us that ‘Land also absorbs more heat than the sea’. It does not tell us anything about how quickly land and sea cools down. Although some people may know that land cools down more quickly than sea, this statement should not be answered ‘False’ as this information is not given in the passage. Remember, your answer should be based only on the information in the passage and not any other knowledge you have. E3. The sun causes changes in the weather. The answer to this question is “True.” Explanation: The first sentence tells us that “weather’ is …the day-to-day changes in our atmosphere’. The second sentence says that ‘The source of these changes is the sun’. Therefore the statement is true from the information in the passage. E4. Areas of high pressure are more common around the equator. The answer to this question is “Can’t tell.” Explanation: The passage states that the movement of air ‘… creates areas of high and low pressure …’. It also tells us that areas around the equator tend to be warmer, and that warm air moves from the equator to cooler areas. However, the passage does not give any information about air pressure around the equator, so you cannot tell whether the statement is true or false. 3 Verbal Reasoning – Practice Charges for late return of library books It is expected that all users of the library will return books by the date they are due for return. Fines are charged on books which are kept beyond the return date. The purpose of fines is to encourage the prompt return of books, so that maximum use can be made of the library’s stock of books.  A reduced rate of fines applies to those under 18 years of age.  All users, except those who are chronically ill, housebound or disabled, are subject to charges.  If you are unable to return a book by the due date or have not finished with it, you can ask to extend the return date provided the book has not been requested by another user. 1. All users of the library have to pay fines on overdue books. 2. Your age can affect the cost of any fines. 3. The money from fines is used to buy new books for the library. 4. The return date can be extended on any book you have borrowed. 4 Verbal Reasoning – Practice All companies should have a Privacy Policy. It should cover what personal information should be stored, where and how it is kept, and who can access it. This issue is not just an ethical one, since the Data Protection Act sets legal requirements. Changes in technology now make the issues increasingly complex. For example, an employer may request personal information, a recruitment agency be responsible for supplying it, but an independent recruitment consultant may actually collect and record that information. All three parties may end up with a copy of the information stored in different forms in different countries. The laws in all three countries may be different. It is also unclear as to whether the law applies to where the data are collected, stored or accessed. It is therefore increasingly urgent for harmonisation of Data Protection laws across national boarders. 5. It is wrong to keep personal information without a person’s consent. 6. A company’s Privacy Policy can cover paper as well as electronic records of personal information. 7. Data Protection laws have been standardised across countries. 8. Changes in technology have made issues around the storage and access of personal information more complex. 5 Numerical Reasoning - Instructions The Numerical Reasoning test looks at your ability to solve numerical problems. You will see some numerical information followed by questions that relate to the information. For each question you are given five possible answer options. You have to work out the correct answer from the information provided. Look at the example on the next page, and then have a go at the practice questions on the following pages. The answer options to each question are labelled ‘A’, ‘B’, ‘C’, ‘D’ and ‘E’. Mark your answers to the practice questions on the answer sheet provided, by putting a tick through the correct answer option. Calculators are not allowed for the numerical test. In the real test you will indicate your answers by clicking on them with a computer mouse. You will have 36 questions to answer in 15 minutes. 6 Numerical Reasoning – Example E1. Three members of a family share equally the cost of Silver cover for one car with Green Arrow. How much does each person pay? A. £20 B. £25 C. £30 D. £60 E. £180 The correct answer is £20 (A). To answer this question you first have to find out how much Silver cover with Green Arrow costs. The table shows you that this is £60. To find the cost to each person, you have to divide £60 by 3. £60 divided equally between three people gives you the answer of £20. E2. There is a 10% discount if you take out breakdown cover for more then one car. What is the cost of having two cars with Green Arrow Bronze cover? A. £46 B. £54 C. £60 D. £66 E. £72 The correct answer is £54 (B). To get the answer you first have to find the cost of Bronze cover with Green Arrow from the table. The table shows you this is £30. The cost of covering two cars would therefore be £60 (2x£30), but the question also tells you that there is a 10% discount if you take out cover for more than one car. To get the final cost, you need to find the discount (10% of £60), and subtract this from the total cost. To get 10% of £60, you need to divide £60 by 100 to get £0.6, and then multiply it by 10 to get 10% (£6). The total cost is therefore £60 - £6, which gives the answer of £54. 7 E3. What is the ratio of the cost of Silver cover with Green Arrow to Gold cover with Green Arrow? A. 1:3 B. 2:3 C. 3:2 D. 2:1 E. 3:1 The correct answer is 2:3 (B). To get the answer you need to find the highest number that will divide into the cost of Green Arrow Silver cover (£60) and Green Arrow Gold cover (£90). The highest number is 30, which divides into the cost of Silver cover twice (60/30=2) and the cost of Gold cover three times (90/30=3). This gives you the ratio of 2:3. E4. The cost of Bronze cover with Blue Star increases to £50. By what percentage has the cost of Bronze cover increased? A. 10% B. 20% C. 25% D. 50% E. 125% The correct answer is 25% (C). To find the percentage increase you first have to find the actual increase in cost. The table tells you that the cost of Blue Star Bronze cover was £40. The question tells you this has increased to £50, giving an increase of £10 (the difference between £40 and £50). You then have to find what percentage of the original cost (£40) the increase is (£10), by dividing the increase by the original cost. £10 divided by £40 gives you 0.25. To turn this into a percentage, multiply the answer (0.25) by 100. This gives the answer of 25%. 8 Numerical Reasoning – Practice 1. How many red and black cars were sold during the year? A. 6 B. 19 C. 25 D. 34 E. 44 2. How many more blue cars were sold than red cars? A. 1 B. 11 C. 25 D. 36 E. 61 3. What percentage of the cars sold were white? A. 10% B. 12% C. 14% D. 16% E. 18% 4. What is the ratio of white cars to blue cars sold? A. 1:4 B. 1:3 C. 3:4 D. 3:1 E. 4:1 9 Numerical Reasoning – Practice 5. How much does 3kg of Deluxe Muesli cost? A. £2.04 B. £2.46 C. £2.71 D. £2.91 E. £3.11 6. What is the difference between the cost of 2kg of Muesli Base and 2kg of Standard Muesli? A. 14p B. 15p C. 28p D. 29p E. 30p 7. The shop weighs out the Muesli in 1kg bags. How many bags of Deluxe Muesli could you buy for £10? A. 9 B. 10 C. 11 D. 12 E. 14 8. On average, a family eats 1 kg of Standard Muesli every 12 days. How much would it cost for 60 days? A. £4.01 B. £4.10 C. £5.00 D. £9.84 E. £39.36 10