The Nashville Shakespeare Festival EDUCATION GUIDEBOOK A Resource for Teachers & Students Shakespeare in the Park 2017 Directed by David Ian Lee Educa(cid:415)on Sponsor: Table of Contents What to Expect Synopsis of the Play Who’s Who in the Cast A Note from the Director, David Ian Lee Shakespeare’s Life — A Brief Timeline Reading the Play in the Classroom Winter’s Tale in the Classroom 1. Overview of the Play: Date, Text, & First Performances 2. Overview of the Play: Genre 3. Shakespeare & the Roman Empire 4. Crea(cid:415)ng Characters through Language 5. Cleopatra: Gender and Power 6. Imagining Egypt and Rome 7. Write Your Review! About the Nashville Shakespeare Fes(cid:415)val Guidebook Contributors Addi(cid:415)onal Resources Shakespeare, Class Ac(cid:415)vi(cid:415)es, and Tennessee English/Language Arts Standards, Grades 9‐12 Sponsors WHAT TO EXPECT . . . AT THE CENTENNIAL PARK BANDSHELL and FRANKLIN ACADEMY PARK The Nashville Shakespeare Fes(cid:415)val will have performances of Antony and Cleopatra beginning at 7:30 PM at the bandshell in Nashville’s Centennial Park in August and September, and in September in Franklin. This play will be in repertory with Antony & Cleopatra, and the schedule is on the Nashville Shakespeare Fes‐ (cid:415)val website: h(cid:425)p://www.nashvilleshakes.org/ . . . DURING THE PERFORMANCE The bandshell and Academy Park are open‐air theaters. Theatergoers are invited to bring blankets and lawn chairs, or cushions for bench sea(cid:415)ng. Each night, food trucks are present for pre‐show and inter‐ mission food, or patrons may bring picnics. Many parking areas surround Centennial Park and Academy Park. Expect audience‐actor interac(cid:415)on and some sing‐along moments in the produc(cid:415)on of Antony & Cleopatra! Because this is an open‐air theater, the audience will hear street noises, airplane and helicopter noises, and Vandy football cheers. However, the open‐air theater creates and informal atmosphere that breaks down any concerns audience members might have that Shakespeare will be hard to understand. Indeed, because the actors are o(cid:332)en in the midst of the audience, the en(cid:415)re experience becomes a form of accessible, inter‐ ac(cid:415)ve theater, breaking down the barriers of language and complex plots. Antony & Cleopatra is a fun and engaging play. Please remain respec(cid:414)ul the actors and your fellow audience members throughout the performance. Please turn off and put away all cell phones and digital devices be‐ fore the show begins. Ushers will ask you to put them away if they see devices in use during the perfor‐ mance. Also, please remain in your seats and refrain from talking or whispering while the show is in progress. Remember: The actors can see and hear you just as well as you can see and hear them! . . . AFTER YOU LEAVE What new ques(cid:415)ons do you have about the characters and their story? How did the design of the produc(cid:415)on (the ligh(cid:415)ng, costumes, scenery, music and sound, etc.) help tell the story? Through colors, textures, pa(cid:425)erns — what else? Do you relate to any of the characters or anything that happened in this story? How? Why? Antony & Cleopatra Synopsis Cleopatra, Queen of Egypt, lives in the city of Alexandria with Mark Antony, one of the three rulers of Rome. Neglec(cid:415)ng his du(cid:415)es at home, Antony lingers in Egypt despite the com‐ mands of an irritated Octavius Caesar, another of ruler of Rome, who sends le(cid:425)ers demanding his return. Antony finally concedes a(cid:332)er his wife Fulvia dies unexpectedly. He sets out for home hoping to patch things up with Octavius. When he returns to Rome, he finds that the land is in the chaos of a populist rebellion. He quickly marries the sister of Octavius with the hope that their union might bring the two men closer together, and help to resolve the popu‐ list threat. However, the peace between Antony and Octavius cannot stand. In a bid to gain power, Octavius quickly deposes Rome’s third ruler, Lepidus, wages new wars, and wins over the hearts of the Roman ci(cid:415)zens. Back in Egypt, Cleopatra is incensed by the news of Antony’s marriage. War between Egypt and Rome is inevitable, and Antony returns to Alexandria. Against the urgings of her ad‐ visors, Cleopatra joins Antony to fight Octavius at sea in the disastrous Ba(cid:425)le of Ac(cid:415)um. When Cleopatra commands her ship to retreat from the ba(cid:425)le, Antony deserts his troops to follow her, leaving the Roman fleet in disarray. Those who were not lost at sea abandon Antony. Sta‐ bility deteriorates in Alexandria along with the rela(cid:415)onship between Antony and Cleopatra, and their quarrels drive more of their followers into the camp of Octavius Caesar. Although Mark Antony wins a minor ba(cid:425)le, he later loses addi(cid:415)onal forces in a second ba(cid:425)le. Believing that Cleopatra has betrayed him and caused the loss, Antony a(cid:425)acks her, threatening her life. In response, Cleopatra sends false word to Antony that she has taken her own life. Heartbro‐ ken, Antony a(cid:425)empts to slay himself with his sword, but the wound isn’t immediately fatal. Suffering and in pain, he is brought to Cleopatra and warns her not to trust Octavius before dying in her arms. Octavius Caesar sends assurances to Cleopatra that he will not harm her, but when the two meet, Cleopatra is immediately suspicious. She resolves to take her own life rather than be made a prize in Rome. Following her death, Octavius declares that she “shall be buried by her Anton,” before he returns once more to Rome. WHO’S WHO IN THE CAST Cleopatra (Carrie Brewer) Antony (Patrick Ryan Sullivan) Queen of Egypt and in a love affair with An‐ Rules Roman Empire with Lepidus and Octa‐ tony. A strong, intelligent woman. Is mother vius Caesar. Falls in love with Cleopatra and to a son, Caesarion. spends (cid:415)me with her in Egypt, neglec(cid:415)ng his du(cid:415)es un(cid:415)l he comes back to Rome and marries Octavia. Octavius Caesar (Joe Leitess) Lepidus/Soothsayer (Galen Fo(cid:425)) Rules Roman Empire with Antony and Lepi‐ Lepidus: Rules Roman Empire alongside An‐ dus. Brother to Octavia. Convinces Antony tony and Octavius. Slightly less powerful to return to Rome a(cid:332)er spending (cid:415)me in than his co‐rulers. Egypt. Nephew to Julius Caesar Soothsayer: Fortune‐teller from Egypt who tells Antony he will never be as great as Oc‐ tavius. Enobarbus (Warren “Ren” Jackson) Eros (Dakota Collins) Loyal supporter and friend to Antony. A(cid:425)endant to Antony. Loyal to Antony and refuses to murder him. Camidius (Derek Whi(cid:425)aker) Scarus (David Wilkerson) Army general to Antony, but eventually Commander for Antony. Warns Antony joins Octavius Caesar’s side against travelling by sea. Dercetas (Miranda Pepin) Octavia (Emily Meinerding) Guard for Antony. Sister to Octavius Caesar and marries Antony in a poli(cid:415)cal move. Agrippa (Jonah M. Jackson) Mecaenas (Andrew Johnson) One of Octavius Caesar’s chief advisors and Follower to Octavius Caesar, a(cid:425)empts to be generals. keep the peace between Caesar and Antony at their first encounter. Dolabella/Sextus Pompeius (Joseph Cash) Thidias (Chance Rule) Dolabella: Follower to Octavius. Guards Cle‐ Servant to Octavius Caesar. opatra while she is held cap(cid:415)ve Sextus Pompeius: Son of a general who served alongside Julius Caesar. Proculeius (Nyazia Bri(cid:425)any Mar(cid:415)n) Charmian (Amanda Leigh Bell) Follower of Octavius Caesar, Antony tells Loyal a(cid:425)endant to Cleopatra. Cleopatra to trust him, but she does not be‐ lieve him. Iras (Autumn Tus(cid:415)n) Alexas (Nikolas Anderson) Loyal a(cid:425)endant to Cleopatra. A(cid:425)endant to Cleopatra. Diomedes (Eric Lamont Wilkes, Jr,) Mardian (Nick Spencer) Servant to Cleopatra. Eunuch and singer to Cleopatra. Provides her entertainment. Caesarion (Octavia Hilton) Son to Cleopatra and Julius Caesar. A Note from the Director, David Ian Lee Ours is a play about (cid:415)tans and their passions. Anto‐ ny & Cleopatra has a thorny, o(cid:332)en problema(cid:415)c his‐ tory. One can imagine the average theatergoer in 1608 would have held sympathies for the antago‐ nist of our produc(cid:415)on, Octavius Caesar; it may have appealed to them that Octavius set the world to rights by standing in opposi(cid:415)on to a foreign queen whose “gipsy’s lust” held a magical potency to transform soldiers into “women’s men.” And any in‐ terpreta(cid:415)on of the play is complicated by the fact that there is less overlap than one might prefer on the Venn diagram of history, Apocrypha, and Shakespeare’s text. And yet, at the core of Antony & Cleopatra is something transcendent, tragic, and beau(cid:415)ful. The produc(cid:415)on that you are about to experience falls firmly into the category of adapta(cid:415)on. Our produc(cid:415)on is not driven by history. Our play is set in an imagina(cid:415)ve framework, inspired by emo(cid:415)on and the elements. Ours is a story about two people who realize too late in life that their love is greater than their own greatness. Could they do it all again, they’d give up everything for the last of many thousand kisses. At the same (cid:415)me, ours is a story of what happens when the giants of the earth go to war, transforming lesser people into fields of ba(cid:425)le; it is about what happens when an unstoppable force meets an unmovable object and mortals are stuck in the middle. Ours is a tale of two humani(cid:415)es, a story of a clash of cultures, not rooted in (cid:415)me or place, but in ideologies. One is authoritarian and bound; the other is open and free. One is bent on coloniza(cid:415)on and stands on a constant war foo(cid:415)ng, while the other represents an old world, unaware that it is about to die. One demands we neither sweat nor bleed, while the other knows that our blood and sweat make us human, that messy and delicious passions are our virtues. When I came on board, Denice Hicks cau(cid:415)oned me against the choices of many pre‐ vious produc(cid:415)ons: “Just don’t make it a play about an emo(cid:415)onal woman who corrupts men.” I told Denice that is not how I read Shakespeare’s play, and that is not the story I would tell. The story I’m interested in is that of our conflic(cid:415)ng humani(cid:415)es. Ours is a play is about the destruc(cid:415)ve nature of men and the transforma(cid:415)ve power of passion. SHAKESPEARE’S LIFE—A BRIEF TIMELINE: 1558 Queen Elizabeth ascends to the throne 1564 April 23, birth of William Shakespeare, in Stra(cid:414)ord‐upon‐Avon 1572‐76 Forma(cid:415)on of theater companies in London and building of The Theatre by James Burbage, the first free‐standing commercial theatre. 1582 Marriage of Anne Hathaway and William Shakespeare 1583 Susanna Shakespeare born 1585 Twins Hamnet and Judith Shakespeare born 1586‐88 (?) Some(cid:415)me in the late 1580s, most likely, Shakespeare leaves Stra(cid:414)ord‐upon‐Avon for London, perhaps with a company of players 1590 Shakespeare appears to be wri(cid:415)ng plays by this (cid:415)me. Early plays include The Two Gentlemen of Verona, The Comedy of Errors, and Henry VI, Parts 1, 2, 3. 1592 Plague closes London theaters; Shakespeare turns to wri(cid:415)ng verse 1594 Record of performance of The Comedy of Errors at Christmas fes(cid:415)vi(cid:415)es at Gray’s Inn, a resi‐ dence and central site for lawyers in London 1598‐99 The Burbages and Shakespeare and others finance the building of the Globe Theater on the south bank of the Thames, just outside the city of London. Julius Caesar, Henry V, and As You Like It may have been among the plays to open the Globe Theatre. 1603 Queen Elizabeth dies; James the VI of Scotland ascends the throne of England and becomes James I of England. James becomes the patron of Shakespeare’s theater company (now known as “The King’s Men”) 1605‐06 King Lear likely wri(cid:425)en; first record of court performance is Christmas 1606 1606 Macbeth likely wri(cid:425)en; perhaps wri(cid:425)en almost the same (cid:415)me as King Lear 1607 Antony and Cleopatra likely wri(cid:425)en; perhaps staged at the indoors Blackfriar’s Theatre, and likely staged at the Globe Theatre. 1612‐14 Shakespeare “re(cid:415)res” to Stra(cid:414)ord; however, he con(cid:415)nues to collaborate with others wri(cid:415)ng plays 1616 April 23, Shakespeare dies and is buried at Holy Trinity Church, Stra(cid:414)ord‐upon‐Avon 1623 First Folio—a collected “coffee table” edi(cid:415)on of 37 plays—published by Shakespeare’s fellow actors, John Hemings and William Condell Useful Resources on Shakespeare’s Biography: Bate, Jonathan. Soul of the Age: A Biography of the Mind of William Shakespeare. New York: Random House, 2010. Greenbla(cid:425), Stephen. Will in the World: How Shakespeare Became Shakespeare. New York: Norton, 2004. Schoenbaum, Samuel. William Shakespeare: A Documentary Life. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1975. Folger Shakespeare Library website: h(cid:425)p://www.folger.edu/shakespeares‐life Shakespeare Birthplace Trust: h(cid:425)p://www.shakespeare.org.uk/explore‐shakespeare/faqs.html READING THE PLAY IN THE CLASSROOM 1. Nashville Shakespeare Fes(cid:415)val’s Shakespeare Allowed! model: O(cid:332)en a simple exercise of reading key scenes aloud can make Shakespeare’s words meaningful. The Nash‐ ville Shakespeare Fes(cid:415)val sponsors a Shakespeare Aloud round table read of a play the first Saturday of each month at the main Nashville Public Library. In this format, everyone at the table (or in a desk in a classroom) reads in sequence, rather than taking roles. Everyone par(cid:415)cipates and gets to try his or her hand at reading the text. Teachers may emphasize that the effort is primary. Teachers can select a scene or short segment to read aloud as an exercise to lay the groundwork for a class discussion or another class ac(cid:415)vity. 2. Staged readings model: Students with limited exposure to or experience with theater can benefit from an effort to read a scene or segment of a play aloud, using basic blocking and interac(cid:415)on among roles. In this model, students select a scene or part of a scene (@ 50 lines makes a good length) to read in roles. Working with their classmates, they can decide upon a few simple movements to drama(cid:415)ze the ac(cid:415)on. The emphasis is on students’ making sense of the language and beginning to envision how interac(cid:415)ons are shown on stage. Thus, rehearsal (cid:415)me should be short (15‐20 minutes), and the students can rehearse and stage the scenes in one class period. One effec(cid:415)ve strategy is to have two groups of students stage the same scene, and invite the class members to comment on differences. 3. Crea(cid:415)ng mul(cid:415)‐vocal readings of poetry and passages: Help students develop a sense of meaning and of shi(cid:332)s in tone or poe(cid:415)c dic(cid:415)on by having students work in groups of 3‐4 to read a single passage. This project can begin with a sonnet; a typical Shakespearean sonnet divides along quatrains (4 lines, with rhyme) and ends with a couplet: 4‐ 4‐ 4‐ 2. Students can decide pace, inflec(cid:415)on, emphasis, and tone. Ask students to think of themselves as a jazz group, or a quartet, or a rap group, using their voices to convey meaning. Antony & Cleopatra in the Classroom *Note: This sec(cid:415)on includes ideas for classroom ac(cid:415)vi(cid:415)es, f r a m e d i n g o l d . All quota(cid:415)ons are from the online “Open Source Shakespeare.” h(cid:425)ps://www.opensourceshakespeare.org/views/ plays/playmenu.php?WorkID=antonycleo Addi(cid:415)onal resources, including online resources, are embedded in the pages below and also listed at the end.
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