OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 29/11/18, SPi Anthrozoology OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 29/11/18, SPi OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 29/11/18, SPi Anthrozoology Human–Animal Interactions in Domesticated and Wild Animals EDITED BY Geoff Hosey and Vicky Melfi 1 OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 29/11/18, SPi 1 Great Clarendon Street, Oxford, OX2 6DP, United Kingdom Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries © Oxford University Press 2019 The moral rights of the authors have been asserted First Edition published in 2019 Impression: 1 All rights reserved. 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DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198753629.001.0001 Printed in Great Britain by Bell & Bain Ltd., Glasgow Links to third party websites are provided by Oxford in good faith and for information only. Oxford disclaims any responsibility for the materials contained in any third party website referenced in this work. OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 29/11/18, SPi This book is dedicated to Erin and Jemima, who have given the two of us such wonderful HARs. OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 29/11/18, SPi OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 29/11/18, SPi Preface It is likely that nearly everyone in the world encoun- as ‘Human–Animal Studies’. Contributions to this ters animals on a regular basis. Many of us own pets, discipline can come from a variety of perspectives: who may be companions in our homes, or else we biological, psychological, sociological, anthropo- have friends or family members who have pets. Then logical, economic, philosophical . . . and more. It is there are people who work in animal-related occu- truly multidisciplinary. And it can focus on a variety pations, such as farmers, zookeepers, researchers of animals which have different roles within our and vets, who encounter animals daily in their jobs. society: pets, farm animals, laboratory animals, Finally, we might encounter animals around town, animals in zoos and animals in the wild. or in our gardens or on trips into the countryside; Until now, however, there has been very little cross- we might even deliberately seek them out, through ing of boundaries by people working in these differ- wildlife tourism or visits to the zoo. In all of these ent contexts and with these different perspectives. scenarios we have some sort of interaction with There has been some borrowing of concepts between those animals, and in time these interactions might different areas, but often the research from a particu- develop into Human–Animal Relationships. And, it lar concept is published in journals and disseminated seems, the effect of those relationships is often to in conferences which are not routinely seen by work- change our lives and those of the animals we have ers within other contexts. Because of this, we thought relationships with. it would be fruitful to collect together reviews of the Over the past four decades there has been increas- current state of knowledge in each of these different ing interest in exploring just what those relation- contexts, written by leading authorities in the field, ships are like, and what sorts of effects they have on and this book is the result. The aim of this is not just the interactants’ lives. At first this interest was driven to summarise how much we know about human– primarily by researchers studying companion ani- animal relationships in these different contexts, but mals or agricultural animals, but more recently the also to try to identify whether there are any common field has expanded to include research in other con- underlying concepts and principles, what the impli- texts as well: in laboratories and zoos, and in the cations for humans and animals are and what wild. What this research is telling us is that the lives, research priorities we should have in future, across the well-being and the welfare of both humans and the whole span of our relationships with animals. animals can be affected by whether these relation- Writing about such a wide field requires expert ships are good and positive, or poor and negative. input from a number of different authors, and we Alongside this growth in research there has been an are grateful to the contributors who have supplied accompanying growth in courses at colleges and us with the chapters that make up this book. We universities, where relationships between humans would like to thank Bethany Kershaw, our editor at and animals can be studied from a variety of per- Oxford University Press for her support and her spectives. As a discipline, this area of study is some- endless patience with us, and also Ian Sherman at times referred to as ‘Anthrozoology’, and sometimes OUP, who encouraged us to do this in the first place. vii OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 29/11/18, SPi viii PrefAce We would also like to thank Andrew Walmsley for Wildlife tourism is just one of the threats to the allowing us to use one of his wonderful photos for future survival of this species, which the conserva- the front cover; the photo captures the critically tion programme Selamatkan Yaki are working to endangered Sulawesi crested black macaques in mitigate. On a personal note, Vicky Melfi would their native habitat being viewed by wildlife tourists. like to thank Edward and Isabel, for their support. OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 29/11/18, SPi Contents contributors xiii 1 Introduction 1 Geoff Hosey & Vicky Melfi 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Defining what we mean 1 1.3 What is the distribution of HARs through the animal kingdom? 5 1.4 Why do we care about HAI, HAR and HAB? 8 2. Companion animals 17 James A. Serpell 2.1 What is a companion animal? 17 2.2 A brief history of companion animals 17 2.3 Companion animals today 19 2.4 The benefits of companion animal ownership 22 2.5 Indirect benefits of companion animals 25 2.6 The costs of companion animal ownership 26 2.7 Conclusions and future areas of research 27 3. Agricultural animals 32 Susanne Waiblinger 3.1 Historical and present role of agricultural animals for humans 32 3.2 Human–animal interactions and human–animal relationships in agriculture 35 3.3 Effects of the HAR on animal and human welfare and on productivity 41 3.4 Wider ranging implications for society and environment 48 3.5 Future areas for research 49 3.6 Concluding remarks 51 Box 3.1 Animals, humans and the environment 33 Werner Zollitsch 4. Human–animal interactions in the research environment 59 Kristine coleman & Allison Heagerty 4.1 Introduction 59 4.2 Animals in research facilities 60 ix