By these thor Anthropology and Anthropologists Ieitont Suter an ‘The modern British schoo! Savial Antaropolgy of Raveena (Gung Frain Adam Kuper ‘Profan of Aten Anan: Ererity- of heiden ote Kee ont | (ae te nt ret tian fn pub 1858 Mabie cae Pe ay Rett, Lendne CAE 70D, Jia Bret tos ne 0208, USA oor ee a ok ‘Bod trae ato Ro ets mas oxon ROP 18 eB ape ros Romer Freres peste, Abn ped ea a Began Dib ap 123.2883 py ek Be mpc feel th eoneenfom te Eble ri nt Fs [ites of Cones Calg ie Petit ‘ialrat waopetns ‘te hp erence ind {Bing ior Oe” To Enea tora oi Phe, EMSS a 00 Sos oedr 2.200 1583 0-200-9400-4 For Jessica Positive institute aze often the rut of custom and prj: fase Tanguage ae asbigucus and aba: were revs ft Incapable of pronouncing, the love oF agence sinlamed by the ey fof rials de vit of mes, dhe Bind atachene of ther Ase. laid Gibbon Preface tothe revised ti 1 Mappowski 2 RadalitfeBrown 53 The 1930sand 19403 Cram foretion to sractare 4 Aathepoteny and eslniaism 5 Feooe havin to routine 6 Leach and Ghotonae 7 Les teas a British neo-aiastacalln 5 The dean years: 1972 1982 9 Conclusion: ethnography, campaston and theory Appeals (by Roelof Kaper) vane Index Subject index Contents za Preface to the revised edition sn 1973 my Antlnspoiapats and Armhropeyy was znbliie, 90 sccount of the punt hal-eentury oF Beidsh sell anthsopology. lei: Schapers incitod me to the atternp, nl [hy Tree the visas saad jouieas, ngage! a seminue sees on the shel and interdwed some of the leading actors. Ness of the propor dew amie reson, Some of ry senior were cautious, even favthe,veaie so pursey relabe anesdotes about thee soaterporaces han 4 talk openly hon themsehes, Twn or thee were deliberately obetivetv, Yel 1 we prepared forthe seatlons wich pultioation provoked Reviewing the book in Won, ae the ust dl petted sbuiewtat, oy Wis ramackad: is aacity in descralsing the youlke founding fathers of eur discipline and preventing them as burmen Bsinas watts snd all hag peictaly aroused fry in some qvurer: i nanofhe less 2 necotciy ae sltary action! Thad mot sealing’ tat J was being audacious, and was astmnlihel shen Ibe emetonal rexponies hogan flexing through to my semote eotiage, in the Geld in Janice Several mtondhs iter nry wite and L returned to sl hewy charged mosphere. Amtopotosieal eucltall partes ia Landon were, fr a Wie, Hable (o be cather awkward eccasons, at fast until 2esice sea a urmour that was preparing 3 aes edition, with Seah insults Th edtogpecl, the emotional rastion 16 the fav olewty had sometilag. 10 d6 with the fact that it apgeaced at 4 su:nenl of Ieuosion. Madecn Brits soclal suheopelogy ean be traced bask $u te 18606, and W. EL RL Kies, for axanypde shared as ruch with the Sunetionalsts as he did with the ovelutioniste and diffusions (Otlinowakt once boasted dic Rivers would be the Rider Haggard of antivopotogy, but be would be ite Conrad wlule udlfe-Brown - [Rhoev lst student i anthsopology — was esting is arguments to the fon ofa eitgue of Riveis even twenty years afters dent) Yel tere wat a sharp break, and this book takes 1922 as ite aaa, the year in whigh Rivers died aed hth Malizowaki and Redelie-rown ‘Published. thee fist aor fieldstades, fn te 1920s, Beainowaki and x Profae to the evsed edion Radsif- Beer established uninitaably res tadon, which hat ‘em lngely tobe ealed “unetioali "Their students, nine in the 19205 and the 1930s, cok over the leudeniip of Uie profession ater che Secu! Wenla Sar. They were sitet ts se chalas in the wanous ald and mew dena tment in etuin ond the Commoawsaldt, ani controlled Wie eld for 180 Aacades, fy he early F970, whem iny broke appeared. they ware all seling. Has a touchy anoment, parteularly sie, 15 the Belgin snthropotogist Luce Ileus aclelyohyesed,L'ancheopoloiasneate tritanmniq diffe profondémenc ds Tethnotoge Grange par un ait eta quablezlle a Pepe de aul ‘This revise ond expanded edition appears very diferent nas pinched, snsious, seplieal, uncertain. Chase added (wo new daters, fo cave wha fs hee happeniag. Chapter 8 reviews the 19705, hide in ehupucr 9 (jublished 3 eighty different foo in the Ruropea Joona of Soctoiogy in 98), U diss ce inelzetual ean Which ina inteasngly troubled Tonetionait anthropology. As Radel. Brown fowulated the problem ia 198i. "the development f eld studies has led toa lative neglect of sues misting ute of Oe fompucaine wethod. .- . Without systematic samparative sludies ftloopalogy wil become only” histrlograpby” and elknogealy Soviologca! tieory must be based on, an coutivnaly tested by, ‘jstematis comparison. fut the very snares of funetionalis eno: ‘Faphy tied ako! questions abea comparative methods; while the ‘sbotive fue of comparizea undermined the alumateradonale bland functionalist field-sttie of exole communis. Tithe past decade my own cireumstances and opinions have chanted ax wll For the park eix yore havo lived ia Holland (oth one year freay al that aroi selewtaie Nievana, che Center for Advanced Sead jn the Bahaeotal Secuecs in California), Iaeitably,sny perspective has altered. Moseaver, L have benefited from corumcnts on the original ‘dition, and Grn reading tzent contcibutions to the story of Bitch antheopology T have acordingy reesed thoroughly the Bal seven ‘hapets. Bot the purpose of the hook seals changed [tprowdet 4 cvitea, Rill aesnuat of modem British soci anthropology. Walten form the esl, itis as digassonate ant objective a8 1 ovuld sak f,Thope the nies main reasonably ad. 1) Malinowski ‘The magaiizent ttle of the Funetlonal School of Anthropology tas been becloved by myself, in a way on myself ard co 3 lage extent aut of my own sense af teegionaly. Malleawsé! 4 unique aul parlesicel phenomenon — a fanatical heared mplscie Lex? ‘ Mabnovaki has 9 sleong claim to being the founder af the provestion Of social anchcopotony” tn Bia, for he established $i distinctive apprenticeship —intensie fieldwork in an exote conunonily. For the Ae years which he spent wt tie Landon Sahool af Een alter his eeruen fom the Trobeiand ina ee wa the only master eth. srupher in the county, and virally esryane who wised {0 do fit ‘Wark de modern Cation weal to wock with ir, ‘Yet Malwa, and mlany of lis students, felt that he was uch sore than a pionost in methed. At one of his met diningushed ‘sludents has remarked, ‘he slained to be the reat a an wately new acadenle dlciplin. whole generation of his Zllowers were ‘brought up co belove that sas anthropology began i the Trot ‘lands in 1914"? This grander rapwislion parts, dampite the poverty fof Malinowsk's explit chonecon) feenlations. His elhnopraptic. ‘enough was based upon a novel porspecdve which i tll a intgel fearae of Bildsh sil anteopology., however much St nay lave hee cbscuod by his atompte at Toaualizaion and his inoesant polemics, There ws a Cunctionalit evolution, and Malioowakt as its Fader, Buti didnot estab Sunetionaiat theory a Malinowski propounded 2 Antirapologp and anthropos " Tha sobctsraten of antheopaluny vas faltyclaty define i the caily twentieth centary, bough it wap alle by various names sil sahvopatogy, cultural stheopoteg, ox ethavlogy etinngsapy tnd songs. lis ote athe sty fie x savage’ early” ‘ao, aad by the Last dird af tbe eipetecath century tie study of “Tolowe™ ia Tylor sons, embracing socal organization ~ wat dHeedly disinguiche. fem the Biologia sty of masw. Thro 925 fen, specie study concerned wile psimltive eto’ This Meld ‘sun commntionully cmisidered under various heads — matell eure, Fades, eligi, sag, and ‘sciueg" perhays aa Janguoge, bs, “There woe ako by dhe carly twenlieth coutory on asceped distine> tion between a holly yeogaphied approach, whidh wax concooned ‘sith enigatin, etal dtfuion aud The elasticacian oF peopkes art bjects, art what Has ganerally ealed the sociological approach, Sihnch dealt wien the development of sovial nalttlens. Expozens The Foumer apprcach ceeded to bo more descriptive al yeni; ‘wile th saciotogias were more vompinative and theoretical. The “isinetlon betes them had been fomioed teas scaly as 1808, ‘when, according lo Radel Bowe, ating af teasers fram Oxford, Cambridge and London was ‘ald cocci the terinlogy of oor sibjeck, Ne seed 10 u56 ‘thnoyciphy” i Ie tern for dcrriptve accounts of rowliteote peoples. The hypoiheied revorseucinn of history of uch peones ‘vag needa ho task ofedhnofogy an! preston eechacoogy. ‘he comparative tady ofthe insiations of primitive scieties s ovepted ae Une task of aoc atrepelogy, smd this name was veal petered to “sociology” gzer in 1905 hl heady defined ‘social anthropology ara brane of socolegy that deals wilh Dave pooples Westrmatck had the nosilon of Profesor of ‘Souology. Uno bis Wore was eal in the eh of sil ath pology.® A sior distinetion waa made in Ue syllabus adopted forthe new ‘labled tiploma in antopology at Oxford Sn 1906, ‘Calton lnthropology” sae distinguished from physic stlvopotogy. and it was ‘amsilered under Sgr Ids -achaeolegy, technology, ethnology and Siatinowakt 3 ology. The distinction betwen ethnology im sociclogy Mas cou. oinotogy ince: : ‘The compari study and easlicaton af peore, base pon ‘ondivons of terial elture, language, and sligioas and social Insitutions and idess, x discngushed fon phy sal characters The influence of eneentaeat pon culls, Seciotogy was concerned with “The compete study of seal penvenens. with peal erence tothe eave Rishon of (4) Secia erpanization (inetoding marriage custom), ovement snd low: (2) sual es amd cles 4) magical and rliious practices and baits inshudlg elment ofthe dead): (2) moder of eomnnieatng ides yg. arooale language, pictoraphs and writin ach of these appcoases (0 ‘piitive coltre’ was aroiated al wilh a pusicdlar dworetical tendency. The sthaeoaists inclines towaeds diffslonisn. Clues Were patehworks uf til, borrowed From olber, the supesior trails moving outwards teat a sente lke the ripples made by 2 tone Oxon into x mde echo a favourite alo a itimist weitere, These coltrl trails cowl be clase, fn stylistic or eter citer, aed tele manement rhe mevementsaf thee hesers, weconstaicte), Dlusionism war fiven a get Unptus in Bann by the dramatic dscoverie of eypian archaeology the oveoprent of the theory thatthe "eile crerent" was the cradle of ‘owt af the ations of clization — 9 theory propagated i He 1920s by Eliot Smith and Pexry at Univeeley Colle Loodon, ‘The saci pits, the other he, vere hy and tg evlucenis dhe cir views diverged from euth oiber, and none ay loge Fisaued the ‘nllinear evalutonary scheiues a fchiorable in Victorian Engl. ‘Speaking very ereraly, they tended 19 sce cultures ay systems wih an interior dynamic, father than ay the producle of haphazard Dorowings; ut they varie ax 1 whether Ibe dyuamis element wae inlet, econo, ecological, or whatever. ‘Ths iss aboplificd version of the siuation, bol peomite the 4 Anstropology and antieopotogats iment ide Mestion of the inset of functionals, Te fuction alts took over “vooolngy’, but dreppel the “pect ference to the ar history of. which had beon Gi allmark ofthe ewsitionlsts ‘They aso reooled not only diffsonisn but the whole ethnological nterpre, so thot For 2 generation the prenecupedans of the ethno: tis, inching specific histevies, fore vsegarded by Bink social _rthrapologist i te concluding page of ha it Trobrianl menoglaph, Argonne of the Hester Bavfe (1922), Maines st ou hss pol of view ‘ith teferener lo the preeecupalens ofthese jor schcls. i wrote: ‘sums tome that there a oom for anew eype of theory. The oveetslon ln tie, andthe Inftaee ofthe presino stage open the ‘pbsequent the iain aobjee nf evalitong! suis, sack sare practied by the cli shoal of Brin Anthropalogy (Tylor, Frazer, Westernack, Halla, Crawley), The ethnological schoo) (Ratt, Foy. Graber, W, Shani, Rivers and Hla Small [se] studies the fluence of cultures hy cont, nitration and ans falson. The nwece of enionunent on altura asians and ‘cei sdied by anthropogeogaphy (Rateal and osors). The {afloence on one another of th varia pect af an inatsen he aly ofthe teil and psychological mechanisa on whch the Snstttion x base, a2 te of theoretical studies which Ia been practisad up tik nowr ina wentstve way only, but [venture ‘foretell wil coe fvo thal 8 Sooner or les. Thistype of restrch wl pave the way and pris ide the materi for the others A few yeas far Ralilfe Brown wrote, more directly’ {blow hat at this tie dhe really important eal th anthro- polopice stedies sno thar tetween the rolutionsts’ ap! he “affine, nor between the varous schoo ofthe Eilon bt between conjetaral history on the ne sled the Tunetional study of woriety on the other.” Nevertheless it mideading to te fonetonsian twlumphing over fhe arthodories of ealutionian or diffsionion. The habbnisk of Tish anthropology im the fit Wo decades of this century wus u cavtons and sceptel attitude lo any grand theocetieal Foamuation, ferohtionist or oifusonst, Fazer's work was being weated with a Maloowshi 5 cetain dezlion, even atthe tun ofthe century, nthe anthropological Journals; and inthe heeds of men like Westrmatak or Melt ve tw was only an ultinate point oF rafeence, nc 3 centraf organizing roneept. It trus that the extieme Tgyptocenre dfuslonlea of Dot Sot itd Percy wav foroe fn the 1920s, and tha even Rivers vers w convert, but the theory ald oc quin mch crednce in pro- fessional cele. deed, Byer, ae pradant of the Royal Anthrop logical Instiute, wad‘ ciftouk tone preventing Blot Smith's ‘egnation In 1922 49 a protec! again aged censorship of his ene, and he wearily ccmplainod about dhe abavrlies of the gest nas cvanglia fre, Malini spent good deal of se inthe 19207 in debate wich Eon Smid and Perey, but this was for popula rahe, ‘than profesion:t udience, I ara ough 2 modern sacl anthropo- logit were to pend a lot of tine in very public debate with Robert Avicey and Desmond Mori, The fonctionalin ome! tition has (beady exagerated de signibeance of these confrontations ‘There was alo the coumterinfkence of Dutkhelo and his school in Paris, which hed attracted the stention af Radeife-Brown and Darel before the Fist World Var, and which continued to influence the Brith “socil anthropologist’ Durheln’s theoses sete (oulaly inMucntal Ww the stody of religion, and they led ay from. the coneems of the dilfisenits, and aio of the Sntslecemaist selon, lke Tylor and Fras, ‘But Ufone wera tn lotic the moot of Dish anlbropotogy in ‘he Bist decades of this century ono Would hive to sie the Over ring concern withthe aocumlation of dst, The bint oat mh sUll be the reconatocton of eulture etry, or evolutionist general: selon, but theye interes were oveclaid by a srangeeuurganca of British nypiccian, There was a feting thst the Fats which were ncreasaly becoming snalable made faile ewolutinis ant lifosionia schemes Took rather fly, Further, these “acts might soon disappear, with at ‘primilivea. Tie celastion was an uigeot matter,“ any pants oF the word,” Rivers pote in 1913, "he death of orory od man brings shit the Jos of krowledge never to bo veplscad™ Owe night detet ineipiont maves avay feom evoutionion or diffsionian lowards some Sort of fimetionalis but more. obviously there wos 2 change of femphass, avay from zheovelleal preoceupations and towards Feld restarh, The sivaies of ‘oriloglas’ and ‘ethnolaglets teomed ia toner esa urgent than the calls of “ethnography. ‘The dere for profesional fieldwork was the motive free bind 6 Antinopotogy and antivopotogis ‘he Cambridge vapeition 16 the Torres Sits» 1499, copaized thy Haddon and chang Rivers Scligman and yeas. Rivers kell among tne Todos in tia in 1901-7 and in Bilancia so. 1907 Selignian worked Iv Melanesia in 1904, rong the Veddat tn 1907 $ sod Te jn the Slag, and Rees worked synthe Pose and inthe Paci. AR. Bowe (Radel Te-Buwny war sent by Haddon avd Rivers, Stam Cambvidge, by twtr the Andanan sdinders in 14068. Thece woe grave shortage of fends oe nf rained workers, and vty ile professional wurk invdmsl more then 3 few days in any exotic aren Desily the obvious dangess, he workers hud to rely upon interpreter, or éyolu lon hone the Jose, this represented 3 departure fem the trains system, whey ~ as Maret. deatbed it- “The mun in she sey Basil propunded quesdans which wuly the man in te ied eld anawer, andthe light uf the soswers that por fm Sram the fil the sty as busy revised es question.” Ht eas ow lied that the rman in ae Sid should he expert in the dhelpling wl tho the European vesdent fm dhe copie w23not generally eibe info. Some of these, patcully. arwg the eisionslas, tad produced taste ethnojiphies, bur they ese very much the exeaption: and ven the best of them zied top heivly pun selected infonnaars, Fee Junod says that his lafarmation came alenost anhely frm thee ren. Two wove Chaitin he tira Banta sepdy steeped fa the bcute conceptions of 2 Banu ae thal he never could gt il of them an remained a Reade tl bis ath in 1902? Wis 2 messue of the Iemger Tor information that Usa, reporting to the readers of Man on Ha weeling of te Brith Avo! ston (or the Adtapoesteet of Seience in South Abit in 1905, could vexke wit some eathusiam. specimens of several Banta bee were kindly basught weether at the Viera Fue by the Coscenneat of Rhodesia for ath ap Togicl study. Time Was dor, amt ony admitted os fev measure riens aod photegeans, And lure, 1 hd the plese of tevllng «fw days tay with Dx, Roomemeycr oF Smithtiel a gentleman wha was won in Cape Colony, by Alexcent, on the father’s side Gorman. on the aiothers side Mone, atmo 7 ‘alt damiies having been eclonits for seme yeneations. Hein racic 4s medical oan Some ofthe moter Ie fom his con ‘eration feo. e hus ker rer mone ha one ern) Anvmately acquainted with Bustonea. Fen (he faith in dhe ethnographic expense af profesional eatre potogite may have been rther excesive. Ae tte 2% 1915, in aglow lng eve uf Rivers History of Melanesian Scie, Mocar wrote: Te ies st patstts that no tractorihy materiel canbe collected fn fw our, and tha tees 4 fg sojourn anon Res ‘efor we can adestand them, This iden being based on no prot sil posit inspite of al proot** Although he fad spent thre years in P10 River's tet days, HHocart eid, he could tevify te the courary of Rives teal fd an ada unt he was River's man s50768 08 FU Rivers hime took a more perceptive ine. He Usinguishee between what be called “orvey work” and “intensve wurk. Siwy idk Telved visite to ibes ore Wile aa, ip order to map dioutions and Ldethfy problemas coquiing fvestiaton. Rikers? own work in Melanesia wis 2 qnod example of this; ater was Selma's orey of the Sudan, Intensive work was a offerent mater. Riera ote 0 198, ‘Tha asenot of inonsire work. jlinaation in extent combined ‘with intensity and thoreaghnest A typieal piece of intensive work ba la whieh the worker lve for 3 yeas or move anon 2 ‘commonily of peshape fave of fe unre people aa xudies vey dead of Uni if and clue; n bie he comes to know trey meter of te communilypereoally: i which he lett ootent with generale ffonston, bot sade every Faw of life wt enstonn bw conezle deta an by mans of the veraacuac language. Mon by sh work at onc ean selec the irene center ofthe Knowledge ich mow alg the mane, ven place where the eultov has alosdy suffered much change is ‘nly ly sach work hat is posible daeaey the meonplete and ‘ren mile sding character of much ofthe vast mas of vey ork ‘whieh Sor he existing mater of anthropogy. 2 a Anthropology and anthropatngsts Since Malinowski wos the Sst Beish vocal anthropology, peu Iessomuly aioe. tv cury ont intensive raeach of this Kin 3 is eshaps impasse to answer the qustion which mist ygest cl — ‘ees fidwork of thiskind inevitably demand aynebranis, Finch ist perspective? Rivers might have bi! goad grounds for dasbing this, flaco Boss In America hol sone fielwork which approsched the inlensve ideal and had still ramsied an etinaogis, Yet despite his ‘ayn exinologkal and dfficicnist bent, Revs pointed out tha Ime slintopapher engaged in ntonsloe work in amallcartnily would be bord to demanstate how the diffrent domains of culture ste inceteonnasted - “Thus. for inetance, among peoples of tude cute 2 noel artis uk the same time 3 sre of aligns ries, am westhot ‘occupation, and an lmmportant element i the socal organization." * Lyon Maret, ane af the let of the atsclisirandhvopooglst, came 1 stro gmnchvonc analyst Ionic jn Tetace in ahi We nas con cere to savage the reputation of Craaee fran de attack of Flot Sruith, bo sad: ‘Some of us, indeed ~ and Teun al Jeat spk for mys! — se so greatly precezupied with th aud of the mind ofthe savage as Hexks here and now under maa eonditns compiceted byl Ih centamieatng uenens of modern catzation tht, wie Selly allowing tat anthropology is prey histareal nt cope, wwearemow inimeditly mlerested in atalysing exiting tonne fan sin sch analysis asa hey Wo he pal. ‘The intuence of Dosdkeim wan at work here and af course, the mos Inapovtant uf the evetutionlts, Spence, had seengneed the pace ut ‘ynchtonic study, Neveclbelss it does seem thatthe atenive study oF sivall comreniiee wae tecognived to ingly # stamnutment 0 ym onic analysis of a Iype which Inter cme to be called Pune ona. “This was not sven ab something which would dliplce eveluttont nd “kfasonatconceres, bt ase a something to Bead 1 thom, ‘This was Malinowski's owe view, He tesndined an evolutionist \boxghout his career, aml ke hiserdhodox onlleegues le Beloved that the coletion of living eatoal face would ultimately yield evoation aiy tows In the spselalforeord to he thd edition af The Sern ‘fe of Savages Malinowski palshed a ‘cantation Frm evohtions le admitted that ie isd baen eonctaned with oigne sate a8 1977, tnd eren now he Was ut prepared to ahinon cvelutvonism. Simply, Molinos a ‘he ta “grow rose and mre inal uc evn this ara tempered inference: Lo the prablens of eign’, Uy inditerence to Ue past and tos recoatiraction ie theveforz sot eater af tena, 2 0 speak; the pa Wi aays be utace ‘ive a0 che antiquurin, and esoryanthrepologiat ean antigen, ya eerainly so My inliferene to een types of evelatoniae isamatter of method ‘Anthropologinsshonld concentrate upon the proceees “which can st be observed in present-day seme.ige communities’ In oer to provide nm bose for teeonstrction. Ones ke ondersloed how cultae meets ana's needs Ue anthropologist would bein x postion tay soothing bout the gradual evaloton of instuions in yeipanae (athe sewing complenty of deived needs, Therefore, he Wise, 4 stl believe in evolnion, J am st Jcsteted i origins, i the recess of detelopment only las move and more clearly Chat ampvets tony evolutionary question led diet tothe ‘pial study the aes and natitations, the ast development of which we wish to zeonstrut ‘And ster completing tis eyele uf Trobeiand monograph, wih the Dublin of Covet Gardens ent ther Mage i 1935, he turned back. lo te cassia problema of exltutal evolution This bie review ofthe sttion may serve 38a ntl perspective fom the “funetioualst revaluion" Iw Rats unthropolegy,. When “Argonaits of the Westen Pacific was publihed In 1922 i was wele ‘comme as a wifi] adn ta the Tteranse rather han a8 # eal to revolution. This was by no means a erase eesponse, ad Malinowskts Initia caution supposted the action. The bork wes Jedated to Seliyran and even canada sonorous pefice by Fare, eho ain sulfierly fwurablygposed several years later to ftoduce Maliowsld's Inaugural lectoze as profesor 31 the London Schvol of Beonbmis, asa percpiant seviewer might have reaeked, the book ssieed 9 (Ot need, Yet at the tame tiie the lype of material Maliowsdi sd coleeted, and dee manner insich he prsented It, id annum co a eadeally new viow of a ‘pelaitve cole’. Meinawskt ‘wat filly consions uf this, ax few others were at fst ad fe zoom showed thot the wateva or erolalion was thee 0 Anthropology and authropolegtis ur A onw mode of ston requires a myth chara, an Malinowski in bs priv dave a personel myth shih hi fellonere pasa’ on $0 Inter generations. Ye runs somethiog like tn, Malinowakl, 4 ellont young Polit sludent, becomes fl when on the pois of entering a pro Tmionalcmeer io eknie, (Hie Who Wo antey ars sieaed toe leant in ais hackysound — parentage on both sos Poh lacie Mascled geotry and nobiiyt umd RD. 2908 with the highest Dronaure in the Austian Empize (Sub ausplels Frperoton]) Ma It told te fe tonl fo continuo is cnLfcrmeroh. In deal he decides to divect impel with se Fgh lati, chooses The Godlen Bowe, and i at once hoond in Oe sence of Frverian antropelogy. Iv doe coue Ie sels off for England (tier a detour in Gorman) si lecomes i student at Whe LSE, After precocious <alvig the problems of Austatiow shoriginulFaly organization he fads el? bn Austeala ‘ith on antheopotogia vnision when the list World Wer crop, Ie ic an Ausisan zen, an cnamy alien, and may bo imache. Fortnately he is pesmited to spend hi interment jn the Trobiand ‘lands. Thre he paces the war ioventig intensive Haldwork by parti pant observation, warkies thcgh the venacolr, and living as one of {he people, ln total toatin from European vontats, After the wat he sums to’ England, and ia de Tice of pighoaded oppastion frm ‘esotonary erations and med diffuslonite he buds pa group of Aediated daiples wo go Forth, ee, te lnwhatove vorslon, the math prceents a ce sly of «props. ‘The false tart, then the ines and conversion, followed by nies, ‘the earvshttring calamity ~ no Joss than a word sr lending to Luolaton in ae wilderness, the eoturn wih a meses to bate of the dacpes, Thane peesontod the aollie of his eaenr fet a this Firm, since sb brings out more profeundly than any cobtemporary account (he mesinnis shay ofthe map. A vession of Ise myth isembodded In any oral account of Mallnowsi's “nconalit tevolaton’. The ‘yt is important to the understanding of the wan an his cece ‘ota more conventional biographical rovlew brings oat other signi ‘can, i lest apocalyptic, tures Bronltnd Malinowski war born in Crasow In 1884,'9 the son of 2 distingiihed Tings, profesor oF Slate philly tthe Jagtlonian Unirity. Hl father ploneezd th study of tae Poh anguags a ts fon dines, Bronsiaw's childhood was paged asnong the infletuale Matron to philsoghy, and his graatng thes, in 1908. £% ste tocar nents tee sae a seem nl wma er em) ot mere ay ae pier Con ed weenie ied “On the comer ln since they presuppove the secprecal auton af AF Or get ‘ated 19 Duckhsin's notion of ake “ele angiaga i flsnnd Oy myth a i snd cetors and wages ace everywhere ease’, Senception: He psieed to take antiaeepto, SUED Ce faking wansverse tend of onlin ston, Ut the iain slaps of the develpmenc with it DIT scene in thet sequence, and enc in (tal le phenoens Teds was porte ce at ech ot fv cortaln leas, enotins a pring of 2680 © {22608 phenomena group Lemee Tie mje clemtots of factonalen can {ond iy of hs lent) Tes perhaps eon were ane TS that Mateos? fac aihzpoleia say 0” “aaa, san bag tere he tft Lape Pt oF Eons 1910. AC the LSE be worked unde Ne the man wo had 3 dtinstay erin ei tot ° POT, romlceiy", Wroup samtine, ee, and anand fF US PEST fvolnonary tem of ie monogamous arly: Bt