2018 Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine 2018 Edited by J.-L.Vincent 123 Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine 2018 The series AnnualUpdate in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine is the con- tinuationoftheseriesentitledYearbookofIntensiveCareMedicineinEuropeand IntensiveCareMedicine:AnnualUpdateintheUnitedStates. Jean-Louis Vincent Editor Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine 2018 Editor Prof.Jean-LouisVincent Dept.ofIntensiveCare ErasmeHospital UniversitélibredeBruxelles Brussels,Belgium [email protected] Thefirstprintedcopiesofthebookwereunfortunatelyprintedwithanincorrectversionof Fig.1inChapterAssessmentofFluidResponsiveness inPatientswithIntraabdominal Hy- pertension(page410).Anerratumsheetwiththecorrectversionwasplacedintheaffected copies.Thiscopyhasbeenprintedwiththecorrectversion. 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Coverdesign:WMXDesignGmbH,Heidelberg Printedonacid-freepaper ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbySpringerNature TheregisteredcompanyisSpringerInternationalPublishingAG Theregistredcompanyadressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland Contents CommonAbbreviations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi PartI Sepsis:UnderlyingMechanisms LipidMediatorsinthePathogenesisandResolutionofSepsisandARDS 3 B.Hamilton,L.B.Ware,andM.A.Matthay ImmuneParalysisinSepsis:RecentInsightsandFutureDevelopment . . 13 B.M.Tang,V.Herwanto,andA.S.McLean PersistentInflammation,ImmunosuppressionandCatabolism afterSevereInjuryorInfection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 P.A.Efron,F.A.Moore,andS.C.Brakenridge PartII InfectionsandAntimicrobialIssues CurrentTrendsinEpidemiologyandAntimicrobialResistance inNeonatalSepsis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 S.Chavez-BuenoandR.J.McCulloh ProlongedInfusionofBeta-lactamAntibioticsinCriticallyIllPatients: RevisitingtheEvidence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 S.A.M.Dhaese,V.Stove,andJ.J.DeWaele ColistinDosinginContinuousRenalReplacementTherapy . . . . . . . . . 71 P.M.Honore,M.L.N.G.Malbrain,andH.D.Spapen v vi Contents PartIII CardiovascularConcerns LeftVentricularDiastolicDysfunctionintheCriticallyIll . . . . . . . . . . 79 F.Guarracino,P.Bertini,andM.R.Pinsky ManagementofIntraoperativeHypotension:Prediction,Prevention andPersonalization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 T.W.L.ScheerenandB.Saugel VasodilatoryShockintheICU:Perils,PitfallsandTherapeuticOptions . 99 S.Vallabhajosyula,J.C.Jentzer,andA.K.Khanna AngiotensininCriticalCare. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 A.Hall,L.W.Busse,andM.Ostermann PartIV CardiovascularResuscitation MakingSenseofEarlyHigh-doseIntravenousVitaminC inIschemia/ReperfusionInjury . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 A.M.E.Spoelstra-deMan,P.W.G.Elbers,andH.M.Oudemans-vanStraaten OptimalOxygenandCarbonDioxideTargetsDuring andafterResuscitatedCardiacArrest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 M.B.Skrifvars,G.M.Eastwood,andR.Bellomo OutcomeafterCardiopulmonaryResuscitation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 C.J.R.GoughandJ.P.Nolan Medico-economic Evaluation of Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest Patient Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 G.Geri PartV RespiratorySupport ASystematicReviewoftheHigh-flowNasalCannulaforAdultPatients . 177 Y.HelvizandS.Einav Role of Tissue Viscoelasticity in the Pathogenesis of Ventilator-induced LungInjury . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 A.ProttiandE.Votta AlveolarRecruitmentinPatientswithAssistedVentilation: OpenUptheLunginSpontaneousBreathing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 A.LovasandZ.Molnár Contents vii CloseDowntheLungsandKeepthemRestingtoMinimizeVentilator-in- ducedLungInjury . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217 P.Pelosi,P.R.M.Rocco,andM.GamadeAbreu DiaphragmDysfunctionduringWeaningfromMechanicalVentilation: AnUnderestimatedPhenomenonwithClinicalImplications . . . . . . . . . 231 M.DresandA.Demoule PartVI Monitoring:NewAspects EmergingTechnologyPlatformsforOpticalMolecularImaging andSensingattheAlveolarLevelintheCriticallyill. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247 T.H.Craven,T.S.Walsh,andK.Dhaliwal Contributors to Differences between Mixed and Central Venous Oxygen Saturation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263 T.D.Corrêa,J.Takala,andS.M.Jakob BioelectricalImpedanceAnalysisinCriticalCare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275 P.Formenti,L.Bolgiaghi,andD.Chiumello PartVII AcuteRenalFailure AcuteKidneyInjuryandMicrocirculatoryShock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293 P.Guerci,B.Ergin,andC.Ince CriticalCareUltrasonographyandAcuteKidneyInjury . . . . . . . . . . . 309 R.Wiersema,J.Koeze,andI.C.C.vanderHorst AcuteKidneyInjuryRiskPrediction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321 K.Kashani EarlyDetectionofAcuteKidneyInjuryafterCardiacSurgery: AProblemSolved? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333 M.Heringlake,C.Schmidt,andA.E.Berggreen Biomarker-guided CareBundles forAcute Kidney Injury: The Timehas Come. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345 J.A.Kellum,A.Zarbock,andI.Göcze viii Contents PartVIII RenalReplacementTherapy HighCut-offMembranesforContinuousRenalReplacementTherapy. . 357 Z.Ricci,S.Romagnoli,andC.Ronco TheRoleofIntraoperativeRenalReplacementTherapy inLiverTransplantation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371 C.J.KarvellasandS.M.Bagshaw PartIX FluidAdministration EffectsofFluidsontheMacro-andMicrocirculations. . . . . . . . . . . . . 383 V.A.Bennett,A.Vidouris,andM.Cecconi RegulationofCardiacOutputandManipulationwithFluids . . . . . . . . 395 H.D.Aya,M.Cecconi,andM.I.MongeGarcía AssessmentofFluidResponsivenessinPatients withIntraabdominalHypertension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407 A.Beurton,X.Monnet,andJ.-L.Teboul AssessmentofFluidOverloadinCriticallyIllPatients: RoleofBioelectricalImpedanceAnalysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417 M.L.N.G.Malbrain,E.DeWaele,andP.M.Honoré PartX CoagulopathyandBloodProducts ProthrombinComplexConcentrate:AnticoagulationReversal andBeyond. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439 O.GrottkeandH.Schöchl AdvancesinMechanisms,DiagnosisandTreatmentofCoagulopathy andProgressionofHemorrhageAfterTraumaticBrainInjury . . . . . . . 451 M.Maegele BloodTransfusioninCriticallyIllPatientswithTraumaticBrainInjury 473 A.F.Turgeon,F.Lauzier,andD.A.Fergusson PartXI AcuteCerebralConcerns SystemicInflammationandCerebralDysfunction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 487 A.M.PetersvanTon,P.Pickkers,andW.F.Abdo Contents ix Opening a Window to the Injured Brain: Non-invasive Neuromonitoring withQuantitativePupillometry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 503 D.Solari,J.-P.Miroz,andM.Oddo BrainUltrasound:How,Why,WhenandWhere?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 519 C.RobbaandG.Citerio ContinuousElectroencephalographyMonitoringinAdults intheIntensiveCareUnit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 535 A.Caricato,I.Melchionda,andM.Antonelli RespiratoryManagementinPatientswithSevereBrainInjury . . . . . . . 549 K.Asehnoune,A.Roquilly,andR.Cinotti PartXII TherapeuticIssues Central˛2-adrenoreceptorAgonistsinIntensiveCare . . . . . . . . . . . . 561 D.LiuandM.C.Reade Rituximab-relatedSevereToxicity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 579 E.Ghrenassia,E.Mariotte,andE.Azoulay BetweenDreamandRealityinNutritionalTherapy:HowtoFilltheGap 597 E.DeWaele,P.M.Honoré,andM.L.N.G.Malbrain PartXIII MovingthePatient Inter-hospitalTransportonExtracorporealMembraneOxygenation . . . 609 R.S.Stephens,D.Abrams,andD.Brodie EarlyMobilizationofPatientsinIntensiveCare:Organization, CommunicationandSafetyFactorsthatInfluenceTranslation intoClinicalPractice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 621 C.L.Hodgson,E.Capell,andC.J.Tipping PartXIV TheFuture TheEmergingRoleoftheMicrobiotaintheICU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635 N.S.Wolff,F.Hugenholtz,andW.J.Wiersinga InPursuitofPrecisionMedicineintheCriticallyIll . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 649 M.Shankar-Hari,C.Summers,andK.Baillie FutureRolesforXenoninEmergencyMedicineandCriticalCare . . . . 659 T.LaitioandM.Maze