ANNUAL REVIEW OF NURSING RESEARC H Volume 5,1987 EDITORS Joyce J. Fitzpatrick, Ph.D . Roma Lee Taunton, Ph.D. Professor and Dean of Nursing Associate Professor and Interim Frances Payne Bolton School of Director Nursing Office of Grants and Research Case Western Reserve University School of Nursing Cleveland, Ohio The University of Kansas Kansas City, Kansas ADVISORY BOARD Jeanne Quint Benoliel, D.N.Sc. Ada K. Jacox, Ph.D . School of Nursing School of Nursing University of Washington University of Maryland Seattle, Washington Baltimore, Maryland Doris Bloch, Dr.P.H. Janelle C. Krueger, Ph.D . National Center for Nursing Research College of Nursing National Institutes of Health Arizona State University Bethesda, Maryland Tempe, Arizona Rosemary Ellis, Ph.D . Angela Barron McBride, Ph.D . Frances Payne Bolton School of School of Nursing Nursing Indiana University Case Western Reserve University Indianapolis, Indiana Cleveland, Ohio Lucille E. Notter, Ed.D . Former Editor Ellen O. Fuller, Ph.D . School of Nursing Nursing Research University of Pennsylvania New York, New York Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Joanne Sabol Stevenson, Ph.D . Susan R. Gortner, Ph.D . College of Nursing School of Nursing The Ohio State University University of California-San Francisco Columbus, Ohio San Francisco, California Margaret A. Williams, Ph.D . Ada Sue Hinshaw, Ph.D . School of Nursing College of Nursing University of Wisconsin-Madison University of Arizona Madison, Wisconsin Tuscon, Arizona Harriet H. Werley, Ph.D . School of Nursing University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Milwaukee, Wisconsin Founding Editor ANNUAL REVIE W OF NURSING RESEARC H Volume 5,1987 Joyce J. Fitzpatrick, Ph.D. Roma Lee Taunton, Ph.D. Editors SPRINGER PUBLISHING COMPANY New York Order ANNUAL REVIEW OF NURSING RESEARCH, Volume 6, 1988, prior to publication and receive a 10% discount. An order coupon can be found after the index. Copyright © 1987 by Springer Publishing Company, Inc. All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Springer Publishing Company, Inc. Springer Publishing Company, Inc. 536 Broadway New York, NY 10012 87 88 89 90 91 / 5 4 3 2 1 ISBN 0-8261-4354-7 ISSN 0739-6686 ANNUAL REVIEW OF NURSING RESEARCH is indexed in Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature and Index Medicus. Printed in the United States of America Contents Preface ix Contributors xi Contents, Volume 6 xiii Part I. Researc h on Nursing Practice 1 Chapter 1. Stress 3 BRENDA L. LYON and JOAN STEHLE WERNER Chapter 2. Pain 23 ANN GUI. TAYLOR Chapter3. Human Biologic Rhythms 45 GERALDENE FELTON Chapter 4. Physiologic Responses in Health and Illness: An Overview 79 Mi JA KIM Part II. Researc h on Nursing Care Delivery 10 5 Chapters. Critical Care Nursing 107 KATHLEEN DRACUP Part III. Researc h on Nursing Education 13 5 Chapter 6. Faculty Practice 137 GRACE H. CHICKADONZ Chapter?. Teaching Clinical Judgment 153 CHRISTINE A. TANNER Part IV. Researc h on the Profession of Nursing 17 5 Chapters. Leadership in Nursing 177 JOANNE COMI MCCLOSKEY and MARILYN T. MOLEN v VI CONTENTS Part V. Othe r Research 20 3 Chapter 9. International Nursing Research 205 AFAF IBRAHIM MELEIS Chapter 10. Conceptual Models of Nursing 229 MARY CIPRIANO SUVA Index 247 Publisher's Note This volume marks an important transition in the life of the Annual Review of Nursing Research. Dr. Harriet Werley, who with character- istic energy and inspiration founded the Review, has with this volume stepped down from its editorship. She will remain actively involved as a member of the Advisory Board. We wish to express our grateful appreciation to her for the groundbreaking and very successful work that she has done in planning and editing the Review over the years. The editorial leadership remains in the capable hands of Dr. Joyce Fitzpatrick, who has skillfully co-edited the Review from its inception, and Dr. Roma Lee Taunton, who came on board as a co- editor for Volume 4. Both distinguished scholars, they share Dr. Wer- ley's vision of a rigorous forum for the best in nursing scholarship. This volume represents a proud continuation of that vision. vn This page intentionally left blank Preface This is the fifth volume in the Annual Review of Nursing Research (ARNR) series. Volume 1 appeared in December 1983; Volume 2 in October 1984; Volume 3 in May 1985; and Volume 4 in April 1986; this volume will appear in early 1987. Volumes 6 through 8 currently are in the planning and production stages, and soon we will be initiat- ing discussions with potential authors for future volumes. We have received a very positive response from the scientific com- munity regarding the launching of this landmark series. We have in- troduced our work at various forums through presentations, sympo- sia, and posters. Many of our colleagues have indicated that the ARNR series is a significant addition to their libraries. Importantly, we have received much positive feedback regarding the contribution of this series to the development of nursing knowledge for the discipline. The chapters under Nursing Practice for Volume 5 pertain to human responses to actual and potential health problems. Volumes 1 and 4 chapters in this area were focused on human development along the life span, Volume 2 chapters on the family, and Volume 3 chapters on the community. Volume 6 chapters will address nursing interven- tions related to patient or client responses to health. As in previous volumes, research reviewed for Volume 5 follows the established format of four other major parts in addition to Nurs- ing Practice: Nursing Care Delivery, Nursing Education, the Profes- sion of Nursing, and Other Research. In the nursing practice area, with a focus on human responses to health problems, Brenda L. Lyon and Joan Stehle Werner review ten years of research on stress, Ann Gill Taylor examines pain research, and Geraldene Felton reviews two decades of research on biologic rhythms. Mi Ja Kim introduces re- search on physiological responses in health and illness, which will be a specific thrust for the Nursing Practice area in Volumes 7 and 8. In the area of nursing care delivery, Kathleen Dracup presents critical care nursing. In the section on nursing education, Grace H. Chickadonz discusses faculty practice, and Christine A. Tanner deals with the ix