T D W W i he e iTT allace nsTiTuTe for The h P isTory of sychiaTry a r f nnual ePorT To The rienDs J 1, 2017 - J 30, 2018 uly une T D W W he e iTT allace i nsTiTuTe for The h P isTory of sychiaTry Annual Report to the Friends July 1, 2017 - June 30, 2018 Department of Psychiatry Weill Cornell Medicine 525 East 68th Street, Box 140 New York, New York 10065-4897 Phone: (212) 746-3727 Facsimile: (212) 746-8886 http://psych-history.weill.cornell.edu  Table of Contents  Director’s Report 4 George J. Makari Librarian’s Report 6 Marisa Shaari DeWitt Wallace Institute for the History of Psychiatry: A History 10 Megan J. Wolff Inside the Collection: 18 Richard Kuhns: Psychoanalytic Theory of Art Aaron Esman Article: 20 On the Couch: An interview with Nate Kravis Report created by Megan J. Wolff for the Megan J. Wolff DeWitt Wallace Institute for the History of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, Department of Psychiatry. Eric T. Carlson Memorial Grand Rounds 26 November, 2018. Kay Redfield Jamison: “Healing the Mind: All rights reserved. Writing Takes the Ache Away” Richardson History of Psychiatry Research Seminar The front cover image (Henri Rousseau’s The Dream) and Seminar Program Director’s Report 31 internal images of couches, settees, and other recumbant Seminar Presentations 2017 - 2018 34 funishings are taken from Nathan Kravis’ On the Couch: A Repressed History of the Analytic Couch from Plato to Freud Issues in Mental Health Policy Lecture Series 37 (MIT Press, 2017). Policy Fact Sheets 38 The photographs on page 6 of the title page of Delle Origini Della Pazzia d’un Filosofo Fiorentino and on page 7 of R.D. Working Groups Laing’s album, Life Before Death, were taken by Megan J. Wolff. Psychoanalysis and the Humanities 45 The photograph on page 49 is courtesy of Jack Barchas. Psychoanalysis and the Mind Science 46 Seminar in Narrative Psychiatry 47 Printed by Weill Cornell Medicine Duplicating, New York, New York. Tribute to Jack Barchas, M.D. 48 Research Faculty & Alumni Staff & Affiliated Faculty 50 Faculty News 51 Alumni News 56 Benjamin Rush Scholars 57 Research Faculty Publications 58 Friends of the Institute for the History of Psychiatry 60 Annual Report Committee 65 2 3 From its inception, the Institute has been driven by a powerful and necessary but  Director’s Report  too often neglected idea, one that generates excitement thanks to its rare call for interdisciplinary crossings, for boldly bringing the sciences of mind and brain face to face with all the knowledge regarding human behavior, inner life, and society This year was remarkable for a hive of activity that was made even more exciting accumulated in the humanities. What field is more in need of such an approach? by brilliant speakers, emerging scholars, and a vigorous engagement in public I cannot think of one. And so I would like to thank my devoted colleagues, whose debate on pressing matters. Please dip into this Annual Report for evidence of that work makes up most of this report. Kudos especially go out to Megan Wolff, Mari- and more. It was a year of great growth, but it also marked the end of an era. sa Shaari, Orna Ophir, Katherine Dalsimer, Siri Hustvedt, and especially Nathan Kravis for leadership on particular areas of this multi-faceted agenda. When famed Stanford and UCLA neuroscientist Jack Barchas travelled east to take over as Chair of Psychiatry at Cornell, a full quarter century ago, many of us held Finally, this Annual Report has been going out to the Friends of the Institute for our breath. It was one of those times in psychiatry when some new finding could many years, and you have responded with critical support for our on-going mis- easily split our oft-divided field into competing camps. We had all heard rumors of sion. This past year, one of our members, the extraordinary Dr. Samantha Board- new chairmen who dismissed established faculty like Caligula, or more kindly, like man, an expert on the interface between positive psychology and psychiatry, en- a general manager who quickly traded away his whole team. What would happen ergetically spread the word about the Institute to others whom she felt sure would to our beloved department and our Institute? have an interest in helping insure the future of the Institute. Toward that end, she and her husband, Aby Rosen, graciously opened their home to us, where to our The answer came quickly and repeatedly. This was a special leader, nothing like delight, we found that she was quite right. My deep gratitude goes out to Saman- stereotypes from our imaginations. Some scientists, due to the nature of their tha, Hamilton South, Bara Tisch, and Annelise Peterson Winter, as well as to a host work, must remain focused on the latest finding, the new bit of discovery that of new benefactors who have recognized the import of this unique enterprise and might help their push into the wild darkness of the mind/brain and its ills. We seen fit to support it. Your encouragement and fellowship during this past year has expected Jack to be like that, only forward looking, not terribly aware of how, as been a special pleasure. William Faulkner once put it, the past was not even past. However, this new ar- rival seemed to know far too much about the history of science, a matter his own father had passionately studied while building what became the Samuel Barchas History of Science Collection at Stanford. Furthermore, he was not only ecumen- George J. Makari, M.D. ical about approaches to the mind and brain, he also was deeply informed about policy matters, and had played a significant role in a number of them at the Insti- tute of Medicine in Washington. A blinkered lab grind? Quite the opposite. This was a voracious reader, a man with an appetite for ideas and analysis. We hit it off immediately. Over the course of the next two and a half decades, Jack Barchas was an unwaver- ing champion of the Institute and its very special role in American psychiatry. He was a tremendous mentor and guide to me; I have scoured my memory and may say without exaggeration that he never let me down. My personal appreciation is, I trust, clear from the speech I delivered at Jack’s retirement ceremony (see page 48). But as a group, we all remain deeply indebted to him for the institution-building that he fostered during his wonderful tenure, acts like building a state of the art facility for the Diethelm Library and supporting book projects that might have seemed to some like Mars missions. We look forward to years more of his wisdom, wit, and guidance as he picks up his pen to consider the vast changes in our field that he witnessed and helped to effect. I am delighted to welcome Jack’s successor, our new chairman Dr. Francis Lee, a man much in the Barchas mold. No surprise there, since Francis was lucky enough to have been mentored by Jack. With that support, he quickly rose to be one of the most exciting neuroscientists in the coun- Jean-Franḉois de Troy, The Reading from Molière, c. 1730. try. I am glad to be working alongside him. 4 5  Oskar Diethelm Library  Internships Librarian’s Report We were very fortunate to host two graduate student interns in the Spring semester, 2018. Ursula Romero, a graduate student in library science at the Pratt Institute, cataloged a number of individual items into our collection data- The Oskar Diethelm Library continues to be an international resource for base. These included a cabinet card of Nellie Bly, a journalist who feigned insanity scholars and students of psychiatry and related disciplines. Faculty, psy- in order to be admitted to a mental institution in 1887, and a group of photographs chiatry residents, medical students and scholars from other institutions in the of Anna Freud dated to 1978. Ursula also undertook a project to organize and United States, Canada, and Europe took advantage of the unique scope of the index the library’s audio visual materials. These materials included audio cassette Library’s holdings during the 2017-2018 academic year. tapes, CDs, DVDs, floppy disks, vinyl records, U-matic tapes, VHS, Betamax, 16 mm film reels, and more. The items had not Donations previously been cataloged and were unavail- able to scholars. Some highlights include a The library added 185 books to its collection this year. Notable amongst these DVD of “Classic Children’s Group Therapy” acquisitions is a group of books donated by Henry Nunberg, M.D., that had from 1950, a vinyl record of R.D. Laing’s 1978 once belonged to his father, Dr. Herman Nunberg, a psychoanalyst who was a album, Life Before Death, in which the psychi- member of Dr. Sigmund Freud’s inner circle. Some of the books are annotated atrist performs his own sonnets and poems or inscribed by the senior Dr. Nunberg, making them valuable resources for in collaboration with composers Ken Howard research. and Alan Blaikley. Also of great interest is the collection of interviews conducted by Dr. Pe- Our own Associate Director, Nathan Kravis, M.D., ter Wilson with the faculty and staff of Payne donated an important work in Italian about the ori- Whitney, which were undertaken for his proj- gins of insanity. The book, Delle Origini della Pazzia ect on the history of the department. d’un Filosofo Fiorentino [The Origins of Madness of a Florentine Philosopher], was written anonymous- Daniel O’Connor, a graduate student in the NYU Archives and Public History ly by Italian philosopher Francesco Maria Soldini, program, worked on a project to organize, re-house, and create a finding aid for and was published in Florence. It has been dated to the papers of psychoanalyst Peter Blos (as delineated below). Blos was one of the 1770. Several chapters address the subject of food first child psychoanalysts and a leading authority on adolescence in the mid-20th and drink, and the effects of different types of food century. Our holdings include three large boxes of papers, three smaller letter box- on mental health. es of correspondence, and a photograph album. Doris Nagel, M.D., one of the longest serving members of the Institute for the In addition to their main projects, both Ursula and Dan assisted with scanning, History of Psychiatry, donated a collection of papers related to the history of copy requests, researcher inquiries, and other everyday tasks that came up in the the “Section” (as the Institute for the History of Psychiatry was known for many library. years). She also made a gift of a number of books and, for our collection of in- triguing esoterica, a silver spoon from Fergus Falls State Hospital, Minnesota. Newly Processed Archival Collection Dr. Nagel’s contributions are invaluable to our efforts to compile a collection of material that represents the history of the Institute. The library is pleased to announce the availability of the papers of Peter Blos, Ph.D., (1904-1997), one of the central figures in child and adolescent analysis. We would also like to thank Mary Trudal, Abigail Zuger, M.D., Knuth Müller, Born in 1904 in Karlsruhe, Germany, Blos studied education at the University of Ph.D., Thomas Dodman, Ph.D., William Frosch, M.D., Theodore Shapiro M.D., Heidelberg and later obtained a Ph.D. in biology from the University of Vienna. Costa Constantine, Sylvia Karasu, M.D., and Marlin Mattson, M.D., for their While in Vienna, Blos made the acquaintance of Anna Freud, who requested his own donations of books and other items of interest to the library. help in creating a school for children undergoing analysis. The project was sup- ported and encouraged by Evan Rosenfeld, Dorothy Burlingham (a Tiffany heir and close friend of Anna Freud’s), and August Aichhorn, an Austrian educator and psychoanalyst. Burlingham’s children attended the school, along with children 6 7 of other individuals prominent in the psychoanalytic field. Blos recruited an old friend, Erik Homburger Erikson (later a leading figure in psychoanalysis), to join him. The Experimental School, as it was called, employed psychoanalytic princi- ples and encouraged the children in independent thinking. Blos emmigrated to the United States in 1934 to escape the rise of Nazism. He originally settled in New Orleans to teach at a private school, but soon continued on to New York to continue his psychoanalytic training. While in New York, Blos became involved in a major study on adolescence. He made connections with nu- merous luminaries during this time, and worked with anthropologist Margaret Mead, pediatrician Benjamin Spock, and psychoanalyst Erik Erikson. He pub- lished his first book, The Adolescent Personality, in 1941. Over the course of his career, Blos taught at the Jewish Board of Guardians, the New York Psychoanalytic Society, and the Columbia Psychoanalytic Center. In 1961 he published his fourth book, On Adolescence, which brought him national and international recognition. Blos died in 1997 at his country home in Holder- ness, New Hampshire, at the age of 93. The library’s holdings of Blos’ papers consist of correspondence, professional writing, drafts, notes, photographs, and other personal and professional materials dating from 1923-1997. The materials are primarily in English, but some letters, manuscripts, and notes are written in German and Swedish. The finding aid for the Peter Blos Papers is available on the Archives and Manuscripts Collections page of the Oskar Diethelm Library’s website. (http://psych-history.weill.cornell.edu/ osk_die_lib/holdings.html) I encourage all our members and friends to visit the library, and utilize our rich material resources to further your research. Marisa Shaari, MLIS New York City Subway Posters, 1991. 8 9 historians, ethicists, literary critics, and others, the Institute hopes to bridge stud-  The DeWitt Wallace Institute  ies of the past with the science of the future, and connect the domains of science For the History of Psychiatry and the humanities, a necessity if our understanding of ourselves is to encompass our overwhelming mix of genes, neurons, brains, minds, selves, families, and so- cieties. A History The Institute’s foundation was laid in 1936 with the arrival of Dr. Oskar Diethelm, a young protégé of psychiatrist Adolf Meyer, who shared his The DeWitt Wallace Institute for the History of Psychiatry is an interdisci- mentor’s passionate interest in books and history. When he arrived at Payne plinary research unit in the Department of Psychiatry of the Joan and San- Whitney, Diethelm noted that there were fewer than 100 books available at ford I. Weill Medical College of Cornell University and New York-Presbyterian the clinic. As the newly-appointed Chair of the Department of Psychiatry, he Hospital. Its mission is to support, carry out, and advise scholarship in a broad presented the Board of Trustees with the argument that one could not practice range of issues relevant to the present day theory and practice of psychiatry. psychiatry well without an appreciation for the history and the development Since its inception in 1958, the Institute has sought to use in-depth studies of of its theories and techniques. Persuaded, the Board allocated funds for the the past to enhance understanding of the many complex matters that surround creation of an historical library within the psychiatric clinic. From early in contemporary thinking and practice regarding mental health and illness. Over his tenure, Diethelm made annual summer trips to Europe, where he surveyed the last decades, Institute faculty have made critical contributions to debates the holdings of the chief university medical schools and libraries, and haunted surrounding matters like de-institutionalization, the history of the mind-brain used book stalls to replicate their collections. In France, Germany, Switzerland, problem, stereotyping, the scientific status of psychoanalysis, and the concep- Italy, and Spain, he purchased texts to send back to Payne Whitney, which soon tual origins of different forms of mental illness. boasted a distinct collection of rare books and manuscripts. With holdings that included nearly all of the psychiatric classics and a growing collection of early Directed since 1996 by the scholar and psychiatrist Dr. George Makari, the Insti- doctoral dissertations, the Clinic’s new library quickly became a formidable tute has branched out beyond history to foster studies at the interface of the “psy” sciences and the humanities, including explorations of the arts, medical ethics, resource in the history of psychiatry, one of the only such repositories in the and mental health policy. Thanks to Dr. Megan Wolff, the Institute has taken up United States. the responsibility to create fact sheets to help inform public debate on the many pressing mental health issues that face us today, from the relationship of psychiat- Oskar Diethelm brought more than an interest in books to the culture of the ric illness to homelessness and gun violence, to the opiate crisis and the incarcer- Payne Whitney Clinic. He also introduced a change in the way that scholars ation of the mentally ill. thought about medicine and history, one that had been sweeping across Europe All of these scholarly efforts are deeply enriched by the Oskar Diethelm Library, under the stewardship of Marisa Shaari, MLIS. Started in 1936, the Diethelm is the library of record for American psychiatry, and one of the greatest such collections in the world. Its more than 30,000 volumes in Latin, English, German, French and more, commence with incunabula on witches and humours from the 15th century and end with yesterday’s discovery on neurotransmitters. In addition to its un- surpassed collection of printed matter, the library is the repository of manuscript collections from critical individuals and numerous organizations. We are honored to host researchers from near and far who seek to extract the innumerable untold stories and lessons that lie in this treasure trove. The Institute hosts the Richardson History of Psychiatry Research Seminar, the longest running colloquium of its type in the United States. It convenes work- ing groups that bring together researchers in specific domains, a speaker series on Mental Health Policy, and various educational activities for students. With an open atmosphere that draws a mix of psychiatrists, psychologists, psychoanalysts, Funerary stele for Felicita, Roman, second or third century. 10 11 for decades. As the feverish pace of scientific discovery had begun to slow, med- icine was becoming more self-reflective. Since 1900, new libraries, societies, and international congresses emerged across the Continent, and the creation of new journals and even professorships marked the maturation of the field. Develop- ment was somewhat slower in the United States, but when the first American In- stitute for the History of Medicine was founded at Johns Hopkins in 1929, Oskar Diethelm was present to witness it. From 1925 to 1936, Diethelm studied under Adolf Meyer at the Phipps Clinic at Johns Hopkins. The two men shared much in common. Both were natives of J. Mayhew and W. Switzerland, and both possessed the hallmarks of European humanism: a so- Inc, settee, 1769. phisticated knowledge of intellectual history, a wide-ranging interest in politics, history, and culture, and a patrician reverence for books. In 1932, Henry Sigerist, another denizen of Switzerland and one of the brightest lights of medical history enough funds for a researcher and for a part-time Section director. Diethelm in Europe, assumed the directorship of the new medical history Institute at Hop- appointed Carlson to the new Directorship, a position he would hold until his kins. The historian’s intellectual approach and methods fit neatly with those of death 34 years later. Diethelm and Meyer, and his personal charm and acumen attracted numerous The History Section opened with a flurry of activity. After consulting with students. Sigerist believed fervently that medical history could serve as a bridge prominent Columbia historian Richard Hofstadter, Carlson took steps to between science and the humanities, and that it could throw light on present create an atmosphere of interdisciplinary collaboration. With money obtained practices. “History,” he noted, “will make the modern physician aware that his from an NIMH grant for the study of the development of psychiatric thought medicine is not the product of recent decades but rather the result of a long and in America, Carlson recruited Norman Dain, one of Hofstadter’s promising troubled development, and that our grains of truth emerged from a sea of errors, graduate students, as a research assistant. Based on a nucleus composed of Carl- a sea we are still wading in.” It was an attitude which set the tone for the dis- son, Dain, and the young psychiatrist Jacques Quen, the cluster of half a dozen cipline’s development in the United States, and one that Diethelm would carry scholars and researchers who gathered every other week soon grew to a body with him to Payne Whitney. of regular seminar attendees. Their research projects developed into academic As Sigerist set about building up a new historical library at Hopkins, he turned journal articles and a number of seminal books in the field. For Dr. Carlson, one for advice to his colleagues. Adolf Meyer possessed a personal library of psychi- of the primary goals of the section and its work was to connect isolated schol- atric literature so extensive that he and his student were promptly called upon ars. The seminar offered a venue for communication and collaboration. At the to help, and Oskar Diethelm found himself pressed into service purchasing and 1959 American Psychiatric Association meeting, attendees discussed founding arranging the library’s psychiatric section. He realized as he did so that no col- a newsletter on psychiatric history. Soon thereafter, Carlson took on the project lection existed at any university or medical center that did justice to the history of himself, launching the History of the Behavioral Sciences Newsletter in 1960. The psychiatry. It was a deficiency that he would work to remedy for the rest of his life. newsletter was so successful that in 1965 it became the Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences, a peer-reviewed organ that thrives to this day. Guided by Oskar Diethelm, by 1953 the historical collection at Payne Whitney had blossomed into an attractive, wood-lined library with rare books in glass-en- When Dr. Diethelm retired in 1962, the rare books library was named in his closed cases and an eager clientele. Interest in the history of medicine was grow- honor. The collection had grown enormously. In addition to Diethelm’s assem- ing nationwide, and in 1958, the National Institute for Mental Health announced blage of British and American works from the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries, it a series of grants to support research in the field. Eric T. Carlson, a student of now included items dating from the 15th century in Latin, French, German and Oskar Diethelm’s, successfully applied for one of these grants, obtaining the Italian, and selected works in Arabic, Dutch, Hungarian, Portuguese, Russian, seed money that would formally launch the Section on the History of Psychia- Spanish, and Swedish. It had begun to reach its founder’s goal as the preeminent try and the Behavioral Sciences at Payne Whitney. The grant aimed to promote collection on the history of psychiatry. “the study of the development of psychiatric thought in America,” and provided 12 13 To widen the library’s circle of supporters, Dr. Carlson launched the “Friends of L. Gilman, then a prominent academic at Cornell’s Ithaca campus, also received the Oskar Diethelm Historical Library” in 1964. The appeal prompted donors to an appointment. Having arrived in 1977 for a sabbatical year with the Section, establish a significant fund for the acquisition of manuscript and archival mate- Dr. Gilman completed a landmark book on the history of psychiatry and visual rial two years later -- the first private gift of special funding. Carlson regarded the imagery, and began research on the concept of degeneration, sexuality, and ste- contribution as a milestone in the library’s development, and in recognition he reotyping, which would later be another hallmark of his scholarship. presented his own collection of manuscripts to the library. In the years that fol- In 1979, a move to larger and more attractive quarters on the ninth floor of the lowed, acquisitions of unpublished materials gained momentum, and the library Payne Whitney Clinic further facilitated research activities. Further conferences, began receiving archival collections from bodies such as the American Foun- grants, and acquisitions continued to enhance the activities of the Section. A 1984 dation for Mental Hygiene, and from individuals such as Donald Winnicott, symposium held at Bear Mountain, NY, yielded a volume entitled Split Minds/ Herbert Spencer, Thomas Salmon, and S. Weir Mitchell. In 1966, the merger of Split Brains: Historical and Current Perspectives, once again edited by Jacques the Westchester Division (formerly the Bloomingdale Asylum) and the Payne Quen. In 1985, a gift from noted psychoanalyst and historian Mark Kanzer en- Whitney Clinic brought the historical books of the Division to the shelves of abled the participation of a series of research fellows, who took up residence at the Diethelm Library. Because the Bloomingdale library had been in operation the library while in pursuit of their doctorates. Dubbed the Carlson Predoctoral since 1823, the accession made the Oskar Diethelm Historical Library the oldest Fellowship, the funds supported the early work of sholars like Leonard Groop- collection of psychiatric literature in the country. man, Daniel Burston, Jan Goldstein, and John Efron. The decades that followed were enormously productive ones. Active partici- As eries of challenges followed, which ultimately resulted in a number of new pant Dr. Jacques Quen, who for years had mentored fellows, residents, and beginnings. The sudden death of Founding Director Eric Carlson in Janu- medical students with an interest in the history of psychiatry, became Associate ary, 1992, brought with it a period of loss and reorganization. Long-time partici- Director in 1971. The following year, a grant from the Josiah Macy Jr. Foundation pant Dr. Jacques Quen took charge as Acting Director and formalized a steering made possible a pair of dedicated lecture series, one on “The Historical Devel- committee that Dr. Carlson had once created for the discussion of policy issues. opment of the Mind-Body Problem” and the other a two-year program on the The “policy group” had much to consider. A major modernization project at New work of Adolf Meyer. At the completion of the second series, the Director and York Hospital anticipated the tearing down of Payne Whitney in 1994. A new Associate Director edited and published American Psychoanalysis, Origins and space would have to be planned for the Library and its associated programs, a Development: The Adolf Meyer Seminars. In the meantime Norman Dain, who new director appointed, and a new permanence sought. The death of Oskar Di- had cut his teeth studying with Ted Carlson, was becoming one of the most em- ethelm in 1993 provided further opportunity for taking stock, and so a site visit inent historians of American psychiatry in the country, and in 1975 the Section that year was initiated to consider the major questions about the Section’s future. honored him with a faculty appointment, making Dain the first historian in a Department of Psychiatry. He was joined in the distinction in 1978, when Sander In their report, evaluators Gert Brieger, Gerald Grob, and Stanley Jackson found that the past seminars and future potential of the Section and its now unrivaled library dwarfed the uncertainties of the present moment. Psychiatry, they noted, had much to gain from an understanding of its history, and they strongly recom- mended strengthening the Section’s future. Toward that end, a recent research fellow, Dr. George Makari, was appointed Acting Director tasked with strengthening the Section. A full-time librarian and archivist was hired for the first time. With the tearing down of Payne Whitney, the collection moved temporarily to quarters at the New York Academy of Med- icine, where it took up a mile of borrowed shelf space. When the collection was finally settled at the Academy, the librarian worked to integrate and reorganize English Daybed, 1690-1710. the papers, books, journals, and manuscripts. A grant obtained during this pe- riod allowed for the books to be computer cataloged and made available online, 14 15 a significant step toward modernization for the coming century. Invaluable and lic outreach and topical mental health policy forums, open to the public. The extremely rare books were discovered and entered into OCLC, the worldwide Diethelm Library’s ever expanding wealth of archival material such as personal library database. Often they were the only such holdings in the nation. It became papers, institutional records, and ephemera continues to grow; it presently holds clear that the Oskar Diethelm Library was the finest such collection in the United the archives of over sixteen organizations in American psychiatry, including the States. American Psychoanalytic Association, and can be considered the library of re- cord for American behavioral science. While the collection sojourned uptown, the Section on the History of Psychiatry continued its research seminars at Cornell Medical College. “As the History of It can be argued that in the 21st century, the Institute for the History of Psychia- Psychiatry Section became less a concrete place and more of an idea, our research try has fulfilled Dr. Diethelm’s dream. The Institute serves as an utterly unique and educational mission became more defined,” remarked Dr. Makari. Benefac- academic center, an invaluable and irreplaceable resource for a world-wide net- tors Frank and Nancy Richardson agreed. In 1994, they created an endowment work of researchers. It represents a unique forum for the crossing of disciplinary to support the now-renamed Richardson Seminars on the History of Psychiatry. borders to deepen our understanding of what makes mental life and what deter- A year later, funds raised in memory of Ted Carlson supported Dr. Makari’s in- mines its ills. Thanks to the efforts of its many supporters, the Institute today is auguration of the Eric T. Carlson Memorial Grand Rounds. First delivered by the a center for scholarly collaboration, research and the preservation of significant eminent Roy Porter in 1995, the Carlson Lecture honors lifetime achievement works, unrivaled by any other facility in the academic world. and has now showcased the work of scholars such as Charles Rosenberg, Nancy Tomes, and Ian Hacking. In 1995, Dr. Makari and Professor Sander Gilman in- augurated a monograph series, the Cornell Studies in the History of Psychiatry. A Megan J. Wolff, Ph.D., MPH year later, Dr. Makari was appointed Director of the Section, just in time to help with the planning for the new library space. When the collection moved into its new accommodations in the Baker Tower in 1999, it relocated into a centralized, state of the art facility, staffed with an archivist and a professional administrator, fully modernized for the first time. Over the many years, the Section (once one of four research “sections” at Payne Whitney) had outgrown its name. To represent the full array of academic, schol- arly, educational, and library activities, the Section was rechristened the Institute for the History of Psychiatry, and the magnified collection was renamed the Os- kar Diethelm Library. The creation of a pair of Working Groups to study psycho- analytic history and representation in the arts expanded the range of events, and in 2003, to provide additional leadership in the face of so much activity, Nathan M. Kravis was appointed Associate Director of the Institute. The tradition of sup- porting research fellows was rejuvenated in 2008 with the establishment of the Benjamin Rush Scholars Program, which is open to psychiatry residents with an interest in the history of the field. The following year, in grateful recognition of longstanding support of The DeWitt Wallace Foundation, the Institute became The DeWitt Wallace Institute for the History of Psychiatry. The Institute continues to expand so as to fulfill its mission to bridge the past and the future, and cross from science to the humanities so as to better un- derstand the mind, the brain, and the individual complexities that come with “The spécialité corset is a dream of comfort,” 1901 advertisement. embodied psychic life. Its commitment to aiding the public dialogue on the many issues our society faces on matters of mental health and illness have led to pub- 16 17