ANNUAL COMPLIANCE REPORT OF MISSOURI PUBLIC WATER SYSTEMS ·c1 iv wn1rn Ptnn1 ~'-'~' City of Poplar Bluff 2021 Table of Contents Summary ................................................................................................................. 1 What is a Public Water System ................................................................................ 1 The Missouri Public Water System Universe ........................................................... 2 Analysis of Compliance ........................................................................................... 2 How to Find More Information on Your Water System ............................................. 4 For More Information ............................................................................................... 4 Explanation of Terms in Violations Tables .............................................................. 5 Organic Contaminants ............................................................................................. 6 Disinfection Byproducts Rule ................................................................................... 7 Inorganic Contaminants ........................................................................................... 8 Radiologicals ........................................................................................................... 8 Microbiologicals ....................................................................................................... 8 Surface Water Treatment Rule ................................................................................. 9 Lead and Copper Rule ............................................................................................. 9 Public Notification .................................................................................................... 9 Groundwater Rule ................................................................................................. 10 Appendix A: Health Based Compliance ................................................................. 11 I. Revised Total Coliform Rule – Acute MCL Violations ....................................... 11 II. Revised Total Coliform Rule - Level 1 and Level 2 Assessment Count ............ 11 III. Chemical and DBP Violations ......................................................................... 12 IV. Radiological MCL Violations .......................................................................... 12 V. Surface Water Violations ................................................................................ 13 Appendix B: Chronic Major Monitoring Violators .................................................... 13 Cover photo courtesy of City of Poplar Bluff. Summary In Missouri, the Public Drinking Water Branch of the Missouri Department of Natural Resources is responsible for implementing the Safe Drinking Water Act to assist the state’s 2,762 public water systems in providing safe drinking water. The department establishes regulatory limits and monitors for 91 different chemical and microbiological contaminants in public water supplies. This report provides information on how well Missouri’s public water systems are meeting these standards. This report is the 26th Annual Compliance Report produced by the department. It contains compliance statistics for Missouri’s public water systems for calendar year 2021. The report shows that 98.9% of Missouri’s population that is served by a community public water system received water that met all health-based standards during this period, compared to 2020, when the percentage was 98.4%. The department prepares this report annually to comply with statutory obligations of the federal Safe Drinking Water Act and to provide the public with a better understanding of the importance of safe and abundant drinking water. The department will provide this report to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, who will use the information to prepare a national report on the performance of the nation’s public drinking water systems. What is a Public Water System? A public water system provides drinking water through piping or other constructed conveyances for human consumption to at least 15 service connections, or serves an average of at least 25 people for at least 60 days each year. There are three types of public water systems: 1. Community systems include towns, water districts, subdivisions, mobile home parks, and residential facilities, such as nursing homes or prisons. 2. Nontransient noncommunity systems regularly serve the same 25 people per day, at least six months per year. Examples include schools and factories. 3. Transient noncommunity systems serve at least 25 people per day, at least 60 days of the year. Examples include restaurants, resorts and campgrounds. These smaller systems are typically located in rural areas where it is not feasible to connect to a municipal water supply or a water district. The department’s requirements for construction, operation, and monitoring for systems vary based on their type, population, and water source. For systems that are not public water systems, such as homes served by private wells, local and county health agencies and the Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services facilitate water testing. Data for these private systems are not included in this report. 1 The Missouri Public Water Universe In 2021, there were 2,762 active public water systems in Missouri. Of this total, 1,427 were community, 225 were nontransient noncommunity and 1,110 were transient noncommunity systems. Missouri’s community water systems served more than 5 million residents. The Missouri River remains the largest source of drinking water for Missourians. The river’s abundant water supply and its proximity to the state’s major population centers make it a valuable resource to the communities that draw from it. Groundwater is the next most common source of drinking water for community water supplies. In southern Missouri, high- quality groundwater is easy to obtain and typically requires very little treatment for use as drinking water. Public water systems utilizing groundwater as their source serve approximately 37.5% of Missourians who receive their water from a public water system. All other public water system customers receive their water from community systems that draw from other types of surface water sources. Particularly prevalent in the northern part of Missouri, these sources include rivers and reservoirs. Analysis of Compliance Missouri requires testing for 91 different regulated chemicals and microbiological contaminants on a regular schedule. The Summary of Violations Table in this report counts individual violations by contaminant type. These counts may include multiple violations for the same system, depending on the monitoring schedule for the particular contaminant. Appendices A and B list specific systems by county that have had violations of different drinking water rules. These rules include the Revised Total Coliform Rule, Radionuclide Rule, Stage 2 Disinfectants and Disinfection Byproduct Rule and the Surface Water Treatment Rule. 2 Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) and treatment-technique violations represent the most significant impact on public health. In 2021, 98.9% of Missouri public water supply customers had water that met all MCL and treatment-technique requirements. The Drinking Water Trends Community Systems Chart shows the 10-year trend for this measure. Because the above measure counts all MCL and treatment-technique violations throughout the year with no consideration given to the duration of the violation, EPA and the states developed an additional compliance measure called “person-months.” This measure represents the population served by community water systems that meet health-based standards on a monthly basis. Missouri achieved 99.72% compliance with this measure in 2021. EPA calculates many of the MCL and treatment-technique violations based on chronic (long-term, regular, and consistent) exposure. EPA’s MCL based on acute (short-term) exposure can include turbidity exceedances or E.coli detections. In 2021, the department issued 15 violations for acute contaminants to 14 public water systems, equal to 0.50% of all Missouri systems. All of these violations were associated with the detection of E.coli. 3 How to Find More Information on Your Water System Community water systems must distribute Consumer Confidence Reports annually to water customers. These reports provide detailed information about sources and levels of contaminants in the drinking water, and must list all violations of state and federal requirements for the calendar year. In 2021, 90% of Missouri’s community water systems distributed their Consumer Confidence Reports properly. You may obtain a copy of the Consumer Confidence Report for your public water system by contacting your service provider or the department’s Consumer Confidence Report website at dnr.mo.gov/water/hows-water/water-we-drink/drinking-reports/consumer-confidence. The department also maintains the Drinking Water Watch website atddnr.mo.gov/water/hows- water/water-monitoring- data/drinking-water, which provides additional information on all of Missouri’s public drinking water systems, including information on inventories, sample results, compliance activities, and water quality. For More Information Information about Missouri’s public water systems can be obtained by writing to the Missouri Department of Natural Resources, Water Protection Program, Public Drinking Water Branch, P.O. Box 176, Jefferson City, MO 65102-0176, or by calling 800-361-4827 or 573-751-0124. Information is also available online at https://dnr.mo.gov/water/hows-water/water-we-drink 4 Explanation of Terms in Violations Tables The following descriptions apply to the violations table. Filtered Systems: Water systems that have installed filtration treatment [10 CSR 60-4.050]. Ground Water Rule: A rule (10 CSR 60-4.025) that requires monitoring of groundwater sources for E. coli contamination. It relies on four strategies to address this risk: periodic sanitary surveys, triggered source water monitoring in the case of a positive sample, corrective action for a system found to have a significant deficiency or source water E. coli contamination, and compliance monitoring to ensure the treatment technology is reliable. Inorganic Contaminants: Non-carbon-based compounds, such as metals, fluoride, and nitrates. These contaminants are naturally occurring in some water, but can also enter water through human activities [10 CSR 60-4.030]. Lead and Copper Rule: A rule (10 CSR 60, Chapter 15) to address lead and copper corrosion, which poses health risks when ingested at any level, and can enter drinking water from household pipes and plumbing fixtures. Violations are reported for: failure to monitor; failure to install optimal corrosion-control treatment or a source-water treatment system that would reduce lead and copper levels in water at the tap; failure to replace lead service lines on the schedule required by the regulation; and, failure to provide required public education about reducing or avoiding lead intake from drinking water. Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL): The highest amount of a contaminant allowed in drinking water. MCLs ensure drinking water does not pose a health risk and are defined in milligrams per liter (parts per million) unless otherwise specified. Monitoring: Sampling and analytical testing specified by the department, including testing methods, and frequency [10 CSR 60-4.010]. Failure to test and failure to report results timely are significant monitoring violations. Organic Contaminants: Carbon-based compounds, such as industrial solvents and pesticides. These contaminants generally enter water through runoff from cropland or discharge from factories [10CSR 60- 4.040 and 4.100]. Radionuclides: Radioactive particles that occur naturally in water or result from human activity. Safe drinking water regulations set MCLs on five types of radionuclides: radium-226, radium-228, uranium, gross alpha, and beta particle/photon radioactivity [10 CSR 60-4.060]. Surface Water Treatment Rule: A series of rules, promulgated from 1989-2009, that establish criteria under which water systems supplied by surface water sources, or groundwater sources under the direct influence of surface water, must filter and disinfect their water (Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, Long Term1 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, Long Term2 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule) [10 CSR60-4.050and60-4.052]. Treatment Techniques: Enforceable procedures or levels of technological performance that public water systems must follow to ensure control of contaminants for which no MCL is established. For example, EPA established treatment techniques for viruses, bacteria, turbidity, and failure to correct a significant deficiency. Violation: A failure to meet any state or federal drinking water regulation. 5 Organic Contaminants: Jan. 1, 2021 - Dec. 31, 2021 Significant MCL Treatment Technique Monitoring/Reporting No. of Systems No. of MCL No. of No. of Systems No. of No. of Violations Systems Violations with Violations Violations with Violations Violations (mg/L) Organic Contaminants 1,1,1-Trichloroethane 0.2 0 0 3 1 1,1,2-Trichloroethane 0.005 0 0 3 1 1,1-Dichloroethylene 0.007 0 0 3 1 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene 0.07 0 0 3 1,2-DBCP 0.0002 0 0 0 0 1,2-Dichloroethane 0.005 0 0 3 1 1,2-Dichloropropane 0.005 0 0 3 1 2,3,7,8-T CDD (Dioxin) 3x10-8 0 0 0 0 2,4,5-TP 0.05 0 0 0 0 2,4-D 0.07 0 0 0 0 Alachlor 0.002 0 0 0 0 Aldicarb 0.003 0 0 0 0 Aldicarb Sulfone 0.002 0 0 0 0 Aldicarb Sufoxide 0.004 0 0 0 0 Atrazine 0.003 0 0 1 1 Benzene 0.005 0 0 3 1 Benzo[a]pyrene 0.0002 0 0 0 0 BHC Gamma 0.0002 0 0 0 0 Carbofuran 0.04 0 0 0 0 Carbon tetrachloride 0.005 0 0 3 1 Chlorobenzene 0.1 0 0 3 1 Chlordane 0.002 0 0 0 0 cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene 0.07 0 0 3 1 Dalapon 0.2 0 0 0 0 Di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate 0.4 0 0 0 0 Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate 0.006 0 0 0 0 Dichloromethane 0.005 0 0 3 1 Dinoseb 0.007 0 0 0 0 Diquat 0.02 0 0 0 0 Endothall 0.1 0 0 0 0 Endrin 0.002 0 0 0 0 Ethylbenzene 0.7 0 0 3 1 Ethylene dibromide 0.00005 0 0 0 0 Glyphosate 0.7 0 0 0 0 Heptachlor 0.0004 0 0 0 0 1Values are in milligrams per liter (mg/L), unless otherwise specified *Shaded areas indicate a violation is not applicable in this category 6 Organic Contaminants: Jan. 1, 2021 - Dec. 31, 2021 MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring/Reporting MCL No. of No. of No. of No. of No. of Violations No. of Systems (mg/L) Violations Systems with Violations VSyiosltaetmiosn sw ith with Violations Violations 0 0 Heptachlor epoxide 0.0002 0 0 Hexachlorobenzene 0.05 0 0 0 0 Hexachlorobenzene 0.001 0 0 0 0 Hexachlorocyclopentadiene 0.05 0 0 0 0 Lasso 0.05 0 0 0 0 Lindane 0.0002 0 0 0 0 Methoxychlor 0.04 0 0 0 0 Monochlorobenzene 0.1 0 0 0 0 o-Dichlorobenzene 0.6 0 0 3 1 Oxamyl (Vydate) 0.2 0 0 0 0 Para-Dichlorobenzene 0.075 0 0 3 1 0 0 Pentachlorophenol 0.001 0 0 0 0 Picloram 0.5 0 0 0 0 Simazine 0.004 0 0 Styrene 0.1 0 0 3 1 0 0 Tetrachloroethylene 0.005 3 1 Toluene 1 0 0 3 1 0 0 0 0 Total PCB 0.0005 0 0 0 0 Toxaphene 0.003 Trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene 0.1 0 0 3 1 Trichloroethylene 0.005 0 0 3 1 Vinyl chloride 0.002 0 0 3 1 Xylenes (total) 10 0 0 3 1 Disinfection Byproducts Rule: Jan. 1, 2021 - Dec. 31, 2021 MCL Treatment Techniques Significant Monitoring/Reporting MCL No. of No. of Systems with No. of Violations No. of Systems with No. of Violations No. of Systems with Violations Violations Violations Violations Total trihalomethanes 0.80 16 9 32 31 Haloacetic acids 0.60 0 0 31 30 Disinfection byproducts 16 9 0 0 63 31 Total Organic Compounds 3 1 Insufficient or Non-certified Operator 8 8 7