Annals of Plastic Surgery Volume 36 / January—June 1996 Editor in Chief Editorial Board Sandra Landolt, MD William D. Morain, MD Brentley A. Buchele, MD Toronto, Ontario, Canada Columbus, Ohio Dermatology Associate Editor H. Steve Byrd, MD Rocco R. Addante, MD, DMD David J. Smith, Jr, MD Dallas, Texas Lebanon, New Hampshire Leland R. Chick, MD Oral /M axillofacial Surgery Founding Editor Salt Lake City, Utah Richard B. Stark, MD Bruce L. Cunningham, MD Minneapolis, Minnesota International Consultants Edgar Biemer, MD Editor Emeritus Glenn Jelks, MD Munich, Germany Lars M. Vistnes, MD New York, New York Takao Harashina, MD Peter C. Johnson, MD Saitama, Japan Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Carolyn Kerrigan, MD Montreal, Quebec, Canada Editorial Assistant William M. Kuzon, Jr, MD Stephanie Hampton Ann Arbor, Michigan Lebanon, New Hampshire Robert Pearl, MD Santa Clara, California John Persing, MD Publisher New Haven, Connecticut Little, Brown and Company Boston, Massachusetts Julian Pribaz, MD Boston, Massachusetts James R. Sanger, MD Publishing Staff Milwaukee, Wisconsin Nancy Megley Kenneth C. Shestak, MD Associate Publisher Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Rebecca H. Malone Craig Vander Kolk, MD Managing Editor Baltimore, Maryland Ellina Tsirelson Assistant Managing Editor Specialty Consultants Fredda Purgalin Charles Krause, MD Production Manager Ann Arbor, Michigan Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Anne Orens Surgery Sales and Marketing Manager DISCLAIMER Annals of Plastic Surgery. ISSN 0148-7043. Published monthly by Little, Brown and Company, 34 Beacon Street, Boston MA 02108-1493. 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Number 1 / January 1996 Original Articles Craniofacial Injuries Resulting from Taxicab Accidents Mia Talmor, MD in New York City Philip S. Barie, MD Daniel Shapiro, MD et al Hemostasis at Skin Graft Donor Sites: Evaluation of David T. Netscher, MD Topical Agents Trenton Carlyle, BA John Thornby, PhD et al Warmed Local Anesthetic Reduces Pain of Infiltration J. A. Fialkov, MD, MSc E. P. McDougall, MD, FRCS(C) Arterial Thrombosis Enhanced by an Acute Phase Ryan Jones Response Marjorie J. Braam, MD Brian C. Cooley High-energy Gunshot Wounds to the Face Henry C. Vasconez, MD Mark E. Shockley, BS Edward A. Luce, MD Upper Airway Obstruction After Pharyngeal Flap Surgery, Malcolm A. Lesavoy, MD with Invited Discussion by Norman S. Levine, MD Loren J. Borud, MD Tracey Thorson et al Anatomical Parameters for Nipple Position and Areolar Michael S. Beckenstein, MD Diameter in Males Brian H. Windle, MD Robert T. Stroup, Jr, MD Microsurgical Reconstruction of the Head and Neck: Neil F. Jones, MD Interdisciplinary Collaboration Between Head and Neck Jonas T. Johnson, MD Surgeons and Plastic Surgeons in 305 Cases Kenneth C. Shestak, MD et al Absorbable and Nonabsorbable Buried Sutures for Hiroshi Shinohara, MD Primary Cleft Lip Repair Kiyoshi Matsuo, MD, PhD Niro Kikuchi, MD A Reposition of Tennison’s Triangular Flap in Long Lip Beyoung Yun Park, MD Deformity Choong Jae Lee, MD Young Ho Lee, MD Multiple Segmental Gradual Distraction of Facial Adi Rachmiel, DMD Skeleton: An Experimental Study Mark Levy, MD, DSc Dov Laufer, DMD et al Contents of Volume 36, January—June 1996 Healing of Microvenous Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) H. Oguchi, MD Prostheses Implanted into the Rat Femoral Vein by S. Torii, MD Means of 3M Precise 65 Using Hyaluronic Acid to Create a Fetal-like Scot Shepard, MS Environment in vitro Hilton Becker, MD James X. Hartmann, PhD 70 Soft-Tissue Blood Flow Following Reamed Versus E. H. Schemitsch, MD, FRCS(C) Unreamed Locked Intramedullary Nailing: A Fractured M. J. Kowalski, MD Sheep Tibia Model M. F. Swiontkowski, MD Case Reports 76 Chronic, Burning Facial Pain Following Cosmetic Facial Elon Eisenberg, MD Surgery Ariela Yaari, PsyD Yaron Har-Shai, MD Treatment of Chronic, Nonhealing Abdominal Wound in Elof Eriksson, MD, PhD a Liquid Environment Norvin Perez, MS Jaromir Slama, MS et al Late Rupture of a Flexor Tendon After Electrical Injury: Matthew J. Concannon, MD Tendon Localization Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Frederick J. Duffy, Jr, MD A Case Report William E. Palmer, MD James W. May, Jr, MD Scarpa’s Adipofascial Flap for Repair of Wide Scalp Defects 93 Above-Elbow Arm Replantation During Pregnancy 97 H-Plasty: A New Modification for Correction of Nasal Stenosis 101 Familial Polythelia Without Associated Anomalies 105 Supernumerary Extenser Tendon to the Thumb: A Case Report Contents of Volume 36, January—June 1996 Editorial Tagliacozzi Bound William D. Morain, MD Book Reviews List of Reviewers Number 2 / February 1996 Original Articles Continuous Thoracic Epidural Anesthesia for Breast Chung-Sheng Lai, MD Augmentation Wang-Hin Yip, MD Sin-Daw Lin, MD et al Nasopharyngoscopic Evaluation and Cephalometric Jorie Tzy-Hsin Wu, MA Analysis of Velopharynx in Normal and Cleft Palate Guay-Fen Huang, DDS, MS Patients, with Invited Discussion by Peter Randall, MD C. Shing Huang, DDS, PhD M. Samuel Noordhoff, MD Endoscopic Extraction of Lipomas Using an Ultrasonic Masayuki Sawaizumi, MD Suction Scalpel Yu Maruyama, MD Kiyoshi Onishi, MD et al Chest Wall Deformity Following Maximal Tissue . V. Moor, MD Expansion for Breast Reconstruction R. Wexler, MD . Bar-Ziv, MD al Vascular Bundle Implantation into Bone for Aseptic Jing-hua Guo, MD Necrosis of the Lunate Getting the Most From the Soleus Muscle Geoffrey G. Hallock, MD Treatment of High-Flow Vascular Malformations in the Ming-Ting Chen, MD Head and Neck with Arterial Ligation Followed by Shyue-Yih Horng, MD Sclerotherapy Eng-Kean Yeong, MD Quen-Dih Pan, MD Free Flap Coverage of a Gangrenous Forefoot in a Patient Koenraad Van Landuyt, MD with Buerger’s Disease: A Case Report Stan Monstrey, MD Patrick Tonnard, MD Frank Vermassen, MD Contents of Volume 36, January-June 1996 Reverse First Dorsal Metatarsal Artery Adipofascial Flap C. Senyuva, MD A. Yicel, MD E. Fassio, MD et al Papers of the Southeastern Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons Outpatient Reduction Mammaplasty: A Review of 338 Susan Buenaventura, MD Consecutive Cases Robert Severinac, MD William Mullis, MD et al Arcus Marginalis Effacement and Support of the Lower Christian Mogelvang, MD, FACS Lid by Malar Skin-Fat Flap Blepharoplasty An Evaluation of Fascial Staples (A New Technique) in David A. Jansen, MD Wide Fascial Plication During Reconstructive Robert V. Gailliot, Jr, MD Abdominoplasty Randi A. Galli, MD et al An Evaluation of Excision with Application of Autografts Joseph M. Still, MD or Porcine Xenografts within 24 Hours of Burn Injury Edward J. Law, MD Beretta Craft-Coffman, PA-C Anatomy, Physiology, and Functional Restoration of the EricT . Emerson, MD Thumb ThomasJ . Krizek, MD, FACS Daniel P. Greenwald, MD ASPRS DATA Committee Reports Review of the Use of Botulinum Toxin for Aesthetic Improvement Micropigmentation Case Reports Transcranial Erosion of a Benign Dermal Cylindroma A New Design of a Cross-Lip Vermilion Flap lan T. Jackson, MD, DSc (Hon), FRCS, FACS, FRACS (Hon) Ramesh K. Sharma, MD Contents of Volume 36, January—June 1996 201 A Case of Double Fingernail and Ectopic Fingernail Michinari Muraoka, MD Nobutaka Yoshioka, MD Tetuhiro Hyodo, MD Augmentation with Cartilage Grafts Around the Pyriform Toshinari Watanabe, MD Aperture to Improve the Midface and Profile in Binder’s Kiyoshi Matsuo, MD Syndrome Correction of Severe Ear Deformity Due to a Congenital Noboru Ohsumi, MD Earlobe Defect False Aneurysm of the Superficial Temporal Artery: A H. Giele, MBBS Surgical Complication P. Robbins, MBBS, FRCPA C. Smith, MBBS, FRACS Invited Editorial ABMS-ABPS-ABOto Negotiations: Where We’ve Been and Henry W. Neale, MD Where We Are Now Letters Re: Distal Foot Coverage With a Reverse Dorsalis Pedis Naci Karacaoglan, MD Flap Re: Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis: A Review and Report of M. M. Ai-Qattan, FRCSC the Successful Use of Biobrane for Early Wound Coverage Reply Number 3 / March 1996 Original Articles Obagi’s Modified Trichloroacetic Acid (TCA)-Controlled James B. Johnson, MD, FACS Variable-Depth Peel: A Study of Clinical Signs Herbert Ichinose, MD, FCAP Correlating with Histological Findings Zein E. Obagi, MD Donald R. Laub, MD, FACS The Surgically Delayed Unipedicled TRAM Flap for D. A. Hudson, FRCS(Ed) M.Med Breast Reconstruction, with Invited Discussion by G. Ian Taylor, MD, FRACS, FRCS(Eng), FRCS(Ed) Contents of Volume 36, January—June 1996 Unexpected Vascular Compromise in Transverse Rectus AnM.n Waellac e, MD Abdominis Musculocutaneous (TRAM) Flap GregoryR . D. Evans,M D Reconstruction: A Report of Two Patients DanP. iGoldeberlg, MD BonnieJ . Baldwin, MD Mastectomy Specimen Weight and Skin Dimensions as John M. Shamoun, MD an Adjunct in Breast Reconstruction Cari R. Hartrampf, MD The Effects of Scalp Expansion on the Cranial Bone: Michele Colonna, MD A Clinical, Histological, and Instrumental Study, with Maurizio Cavallini, MD Invited Discussion by Bruce S. Bauer, MD Armando De Angelis, MD et al The Surgical Management of Cranio-orbital Neurofibromatosis Zone of Injury: A Valid Concept in Microvascular Reconstruction of the Traumatized Lower Limb? Microvascular Transplantation in the Salvage of Lower Jeffrey Scott IsenbeMrD,g ,MP H Extremity Trauma in the Elderly William Costigan, MD Pitviper Bites: Rational Management in Locales in Which W. Thomas Lawrence, MPH, MD Copperheads and Cottonmouths Predominate Athina Giannopoulos, MD Alfred Hansen, MD, PhD Single-Portal Endoscopic Carpal Tunnel Release: Agee Mohamed W. Elmaraghy, MD Carpal Tunnel Release System Lawrence N. Hurst, FRCS(C) Hand Sensibility Measures Used by Therapists Kimberly Mielke, OT ChriBs. Ntovaik,n PTe, MS Susan E. Mackinnon,MD ChrisA.t Feielny, ePh D The Effects of Irradiation Dose on the Stiffness of Paul J. Donald, MD, FRCS(C) Cartilage Grafts Kim Deckard-Janatpour, MD Neil Sharkey, PhD Manuel Lagunas-Solar, PhD Hyperbaric Oxygen and Cyclosporine as a Combined Detlev Erdmann, MD Treatment Regimen tc Prevent Skin Allograft Rejection AlCl. Raothn, P hD in Immunohistoincompatible Mice Jargen Hussman, MD et al Contents of Volume 36, January—June 1996 Case Reports Late Clostridium Perfringens Breast Implant Infection John G. Hunter, MD, FACS after Dental Treatment Maria Padilla, MD Stephanie Cooper-Vastola, MD Sharing the Radial Forearm Flap in Reconstruction of Tunc Safak, MD Two Separate Defects in the Same Patient Aycan Kayikcioglu, MD Giirhan Ozcan, MD Abdullah Kecik, MD Vaginal Reconstruction with Free Jejunal Flap Murat Emiroglu, MD Serdar Mehmet Giiltan, MD Gékhan Adanali, MD et al Fibro-osseous Pseudotumor of the Distal Phalanx Christopher D. Prevel, MD Douglas P. Hanel, MD Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-itis of the Hand: Bishara S. Atiyeh, MD A Potential Hazard for Health Workers Wassim C. Wazzan, MD Imad L. Kaddoura, MD et al Histoplasma Capsulatum Necrotizing Myofascitis of the Jeffrey D. Wagner, MD Upper Extremity Christopher D. Prevel, MD Raghu Elluru, MD Editorial Patently Unethical Williilaml iam D. D. MorMaoirna,i n, MD Letter Cover Colors Book Reviews Number 4 / April 1996 Original Articles Bacterial Growth in Saline Implants: In vitro and in vivo Neil T. Chen, MD Studies Peter E. M. Butler, MD David C. Hooper, MD James W. May, Jr, MD Contents of Volume 36, January—June 1996 Do Saline Breast Implants Harbor Microbes? Silicone Breast Implant Bleed and Rupture: Clinical Diagnosis and Predictive Value of Mammography and Ultrasound Correction of Severe Blepharoptosis Rhomboid Design for Tubed Inguinal Flap in Fingertip Kwan-Chul Tark, MD, PhD, FACS Reconstruction Seum Chung, MD Keuk-Shun Shin, MD, FACS Young-Ho Lee, MD, FACS The Role of Vascular Pedicle Thrombectomy in the Michael J. Wheatley, MD Management of Compromised Free Tissue Transfers Toby R. Meltzer, MD Effects of Deferoxamine on Ischemia/ Reperfusion Injury Yongbo Li, MD after Peripheral Nerve Compression Kyle D. Bickel, MD Michael J. im, PhD LiangbiaHou , PhD A. Lee Delion, MD CraigA . Vander Kolk, MD Paul N. Manson, MD The Viability of Cryopreserved Onlay Cranial Bone Julian Sanz, MD, PhD Allografts: A Comparative Experimental Study Versus Javier Elejabeitia, MD Fresh Autografts Antonio Bazan, MD, PhD Emilio Garcia-Tutor, MD Vicente Paloma, MD, PhD Assessing Third-Year Medical Students’ Knowledge of Linda D. Vallino, PhD and Exposure to Cleft Palate Before and After Plastic Arthur S. Brown, MD Surgery Rotation Rectosigmoid Neocolpopoiesis for Male-to-Female RefaatB .K arim, MD Transsexuals: Amsterdam Experience J. Joris Hage, MD, PhD MigAu.e Cuelsta , MD, PhD ASPRS DATA Committee Report Laser Skin Resurfacing Contents of Volume 36, January—June 1996 Case Reports Q-Switched Ruby Laser Treatment of Mucocutaneous Cheng-Jen Chang, MD Melanosis Associated with Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome J. Stuart Nelson, MD, PhD Traumatic Tattooing: Treatment with the Q-Switched Bruce M. Achauer, MD Ruby Laser: A Case Study Victoria M. VanderKam, RN, BS, CPSN A New Technique of Dermabrasion for Traumatic Ernest D. Cronin, MD Tattoos J. L. Haber, MD Use of Modern Craniofacial Techniques for Kevin C. Chung, MD Comprehensive Reconstruction of the Acromegalic Face, Steven R. Buchman, MD with Invited Discussion by S. Anthony Wolfe, MD, FACS Hazem M. Aly, MD Carroli-Ann Trotman, BDS, MA, MS A Spheno-orbital Encephalocele with Unilateral Yasushi Sugawara, MD Exophthalmos Kiyonori Harii, MD Shinichi Hirabayashi, MD Atsushi Sakurai, MD Tomio Sasaki, MD Functional Lower Limb Salvage with an Osteocutaneous Sumiko J. Hegstad, MD Filet Flap of the Foot Anthony A. Smith, MD Brendan M. Patterson, MD Clay M. Kelly, MD N. Bradly Meland, MD Microsurgical Reconstruction of Difficult Orocutaneous Jin K. Chun, MD Fistulas Douglas M. Senderoff, MD The “Shutter Flap” for Large Defects of the Forehead Norman S. Levine, MD William J. Sahil, MD James B. Stewart, MD Scrotal Tourniquet Injury Due to Thread Ligation A Sitki Gzdamar, MD E. Yener Giltekin Ali Gékalp Review Article Unilateral Coronal Synostosis (Anterior Plagiocephaly): Jeffrey C. Posnick, DMD, MD, FRCS(C), Current Clinical Perspectives FACS Editorial How to Manage a Leaky Roof William D. Morain, MD