ANGLO-NORMAN STUDIES XLII PROCEEDINGS OF THE BATTLE CONFERENCE 2019 The wide-ranging articles collected here represent the cutting edge of recent Anglo-Norman scholarship. There is a particular focus on histor- ical sources for the eleventh and twelfth centuries, and especially on the key texts which are used by historians in understanding the past. There are articles on Eadmer’s Historia Novorum, Dudo of Saint-Quentin’s Historia Normannorum, the historical profession at Durham, and the use of charters to understand the role of women in the Norman march of Wales. Other contributions examine canon law in late twelfth- century England, and Angevin rule in Normandy in the time of Henry fitz Empress. The Old English world is also represented in the volume: there is a fresh investigation into Harold Godwineson’s posthumous reputa- tion, and a new interpretation of the reign of Aethelred the Unready. STEPHEN CHURCH is Professor of Medieval History at the University of East Anglia. ANGLO-NORMAN STUDIES ISSN 0954-9927 Editor S. D. Church Editorial Board Lindy Grant (University of Reading) Mark Hagger (Bangor University) Leonie V. Hicks (Canterbury Christ Church University) C. P. Lewis (Institute of Historical Research, University of London) Elisabeth van Houts (Emmanuel College, Cambridge) ANGLO-NORMAN STUDIES XLII PROCEEDINGS OF THE BATTLE CONFERENCE 2019 Edited by S. D. Church THE BOYDELL PRESS © Editor and Contributors 2019, 2020 All Rights Reserved. Except as permitted under current legislation no part of this work may be photocopied, stored in a retrieval system, published, performed in public, adapted, broadcast, transmitted, recorded or reproduced in any form or by any means, without the prior permission of the copyright owner First published 2020 The Boydell Press, Woodbridge ISBN 978–1–78327–532–8 hardback ISBN 978– 1–78744–913–8 ePDF ISSN 0954-9927 Anglo-Norman Studies (Formerly ISSN 0261-9857: Proceedings of the Battle Conference on Anglo-Norman Studies) The Boydell Press is an imprint of Boydell & Brewer Ltd PO Box 9, Woodbridge, Suffolk IP12 3DF, UK and of Boydell & Brewer Inc. 668 Mt Hope Avenue, Rochester, NY 14620–2731, USA website: www.boydellandbrewer.com A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library The publisher has no responsibility for the continued existence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this book, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate This publication is printed on acid-free paper CONTENTS ILLUSTRATIONS AND TABLES vi EDITOR’S PREFACE vii ABBREVIATIONS viii Reassessing the Reign of King Æthelred the Unready 1 (The Allen Brown Memorial Lecture) Catherine Cubitt The Art of Memory: The Posthumous Reputation of King Harold II Godwineson 29 (The Des Seal Memorial Lecture) Ann Williams Women, Memory and the Genesis of a Priory in Norman Monmouth 45 Emma Cavell The Sins of a Historian: Eadmer of Canterbury, Historia Novorum in Anglia, Books I–IV 61 John Gillingham Angevin Rule in the West of Normandy, 1154–86: The View from Mont- Saint-Michel 77 Mark Hagger ‘A girly man like you can’t rule us real men any longer’: Sex, Violence and Masculinity in Dudo of Saint-Quentin’s Historia Normannorum 101 Fraser McNair Compiling Chronicles in Anglo-Norman Durham, c. 1100–30 119 Charles C. Rozier The Counts of Louvain and the Anglo-Norman World, c. 1100–c. 1215 135 Nicolas Ruffini-Ronzani England, Normandy and the Ecclesiastical ‘New Law’ in the Later Twelfth Century 155 Danica Summerlin ILLUSTRATIONS AND TABLES Emma Cavell, Women, Memory and the Genesis of a Priory in Norman Monmouth Fig. 1 TNA, E211/361: (re-)remembering the genesis of a Norman priory 48 Mark Hagger, Angevin Rule in the West of Normandy, 1154–86: the View from Mont-Saint-Michel Fig. 1 A suggested family tree for Abbot Robert of Torigni 82 Table 1 Western Norman place-dates in the acts of Henry I and Henry II 84 Nicolas Ruffini-Ronzani, The Counts of Louvain and the Anglo-Norman World, c. 1100–c. 1215 Fig. 1 Genealogy of the counts of Louvain before 1139 136 Fig. 2 Geneaology of the counts of Louvain / dukes of Brabant in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries 137 Map 1 The duchy of Brabant in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries 138 Map 2 Brabantine possessions in England in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries 143 Table 1 Brabantine possessions in England in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries 151–4 The editor, contributors and publisher are grateful to all the institutions and persons listed for permission to reproduce the materials in which they hold copyright. Every effort has been made to trace the copyright holders; apologies are offered for any omission, and the publisher will be pleased to add any necessary acknowledgement in subsequent editions. EDITOR’S PREFACE The forty-second Battle Conference of Anglo-Norman Studies took place at Battle Abbey School in East Sussex between 19 and 22 July 2019. Our hosts, Aaron Pawson, Debbie White, James Dennett, and the other members of the team were courteous and efficient, supporting me in arranging the conference and all of us during our stay. On behalf of all the members of the conference, I should like to extend my thanks to the staff; we will be returning to the School for our 2021 conference. The staff of the School of History at the University of East Anglia have also been extraordinarily kind and generous with their support. I should particularly like to mention Rachel Cole, our School Manager, whose can-do attitude and determination to help us do our jobs meant that she, when no other person could, managed to get the University to support the payment processing for the conference. I should also like to thank my postgraduate students, Sally Spong, Rich Daines (now Dr Daines), and Dan Talbot for acting as the welcoming committee for all newcomers. They did a magnificent job of making people feel at home, and Dan did an excellent job as the conference’s major domus. We are now in the fortunate position that five of the lectures have funding attached to them. The Allen Brown Memorial Trust funds the Memorial Lecture and the Marjorie Chibnall essay (not awarded in 2019); the estate of Christine Mahaney has set aside money to support a memorial lecture (this year’s lecture will be published in next year’s volume), as, too, has the estate of Des Seal, while a further lecture is supported by an anonymous benefactor. The Muriel Brown bursaries and generous donations from supporters allow us to fund postgraduate student places at the conference. The committee would like to express its thanks for all these gifts which help to secure the future of the conference set up by Allen Brown more than forty years ago. The generosity of these benefactors, harnessed to Allen’s vision, is helping to sustain the study of the Anglo-Norman past in a way which would not be otherwise possible. Despite a perfectly orchestrated team effort by the Battle Abbey School staff, it was a weekend not without drama: on the first evening we were assailed by repeated power cuts which kept setting off the door alarm, and on the final day a malfunctioning washing machine situated on the floor above the Library discharged its watery contents to cause a flood where our conference was being held. The staff of the School responded magnificently on both occasions. Nonetheless, I do think that our two speakers during each of these calamities, Katy Cubitt on day one and Mark Hagger on the final day, deserve to be ‘mentioned in dispatches’ for their fortitude. In the finest traditions of the conference, both ‘battled’ on to deliver their papers while chaos swirled around them. These two speakers also deserve their mention because of the location of their individual acts of professionalism: they were tested and triumphed on the very field where, so we are led to believe, Harold and his army were tested and crushed on 14 October 1066. Stephen Church ABBREVIATIONS AD Archives départementales AmHR American Historical Review ANS Anglo-Norman Studies ASC Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, cited by year (corrected in square brackets if necessary) and manuscript; unless otherwise stated the edition is Two of the Saxon Chronicles Parallel, ed. Charles Plummer, 2 vols (Oxford, 1892–99) ASC, trans. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, trans. and ed. M. J. Swanton Swanton (London, 1996) ASE Anglo-Saxon England BAR British Archaeological Reports BIHR Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research BL London, British Library BM Bibliothèque Municipale BN Paris, Bibliothèque Nationale de France BnF Paris, Bibliothèque Nationale de France Carmen The Carmen de Hastingae Proelio of Guy, Bishop of Amiens, ed. and trans. Frank Barlow (Oxford, 1999) CBA Council for British Archaeology CCCC Cambridge, Corpus Christi College DCL Durham, Dean and Chapter Library Dugdale, William Dugdale, Monasticon Anglicanum, new edn by Monasticon Henry Ellis and Bulkeley Bandinel, 6 vols (London, 1817–30) DUL Durham University Library Eadmer, HN Eadmer, Historia novorum in Anglia, in Eadmeri Historia novorum in Anglia, et Opuscula duo; De Vita Sancti Anselmi et quibusdam miraculis ejus, ed Martin Rule, RS 81 (London, 1884) EEA English Episcopal Acta EETS Early English Text Society EHR English Historical Review EME Early Medieval Europe English Lawsuits English Lawsuits from William I to Richard I, ed. R. C. van Caenegem, 2 vols Selden Society, 106–7, (London, 1990–91) Freeman, Norman Edward A. Freeman, The History of the Norman Conquest Conquest of England, its Causes and its Results, 6 vols, 1st edn (Oxford, 1867–79; revised edn New York, 1873–76) GDB Great Domesday Book, followed by the folio number, a or b (for recto or verso), cited from Domesday Book, seu Liber Censualis Willelmi Primi, 2 vols (London, 1783), I, or from Great Domesday Book: Library Edition ed. Ann Williams and R. W. H. Erskine, Alecto Historical Editions (London, 1986– 92); followed in parentheses by the abbreviated county name and the entry number (substituting an oblique for a comma Abbreviations ix between the first and second parts) used in Domesday Book, ed. John Morris and others, 34 vols, Phillimore (London, 1974–86). Gesetze, Die Gesetze der Angelsachsen, ed. Felix Liebermann, 3 vols ed. Liebermann (Halle, 1903–16) GND The Gesta Normannorum ducum of William of Jumièges, Orderic Vitalis, and Robert of Torigni, ed. and trans. Elisabeth M. C. van Houts, 2 vols (Oxford, 1992–95) Harmer, AS Writs F. E. Harmer, Anglo-Saxon Writs, 2nd edn (Stamford, 1989) Howden, Chronica Chronica Rogeri de Houedene, ed. William Stubbs, 4 vols, RS 51 ( London, 1868–71) Howden, Gesta Gesta Regis Henrici Secundi [now attributed to Roger of Howden], ed. William Stubbs, 2 vols, RS 49 (London, 1867) HSJ Haskins Society Journal Huntingdon Henry, Archdeacon of Huntingdon, Historia Anglorum: The History of the English People, ed. and trans. Diana Greenway (Oxford, 1996) IE Inquisitio Eliensis, in Inquisitio Comitatus Cantabrigiensis [and] Inquisitio Eliensis, ed. N. E. S. A. Hamilton (London, 1876) JEH Journal of Ecclesiastical History JL Regesta pontificum romanorum ab condita ecclesia ad annum post Christum natum MCXCVIII, ed. Philipp Jaffé, Wilhelm Wattenbach, S. Loewenfeld, and others, 2 vols (Leipzig, 1885–88) JMH Journal of Medieval History John of Worcester The Chronicle of John of Worcester, ed. R. R. Darlington and P. McGurk, II–III (Oxford, 1995–98) KCD Codex Diplomaticus Aevi Saxonici, ed. J. M. Kemble, 6 vols (London, 1839–48) – cited by charter number. LDB Little Domesday Book, followed by the folio number and a or b (for recto or verso), cited from Domesday Book, seu Liber Censualis Willelmi Primi, 2 vols (London, 1783), II, or from Great Domesday Book: Library Edition ed. Ann Williams and R. W. H. Erskine, Alecto Historical Editions (London, 2000); followed in parentheses by the abbreviated county name and the entry number (substituting an oblique for a comma between the first and second parts) used in Domesday Book, ed. John Morris and others, 34 vols, Phillimore (London, 1974–86). Letters of Lanfranc The Letters of Lanfranc, Archbishop of Canterbury, ed. and trans. Helen Clover and Margaret Gibson (Oxford, 1979) Malmesbury, Gesta William of Malmesbury, Gesta pontificum Anglorum: pontificum The History of the English Bishops, ed. and trans. M. Winterbottom and R. M. Thomson, 2 vols (Oxford, 2007) Malmesbury, Gesta William of Malmesbury, Gesta regum Anglorum: The History regum of the English Kings, ed. and trans. R. A. B. Mynors, M. Winterbottom and R. M. Thomson, 2 vols (Oxford, 1998–99) Malmesbury, William of Malmesbury, Historia novella: The Contemporary Historia novella History, ed. Edmund King, trans. K. R. Potter (Oxford, 1998) MGH Monumenta Germaniae Historica