Determination of Changes in Flow Property of Different Mixtures of Powder Excipients with the Varying Amounts of Powder Lubricants Sumaiya Ahmed Bhasha ID # 2010-1-70-023 Department of Pharmacy East West University Research Supervisor: Md. Anisur Rahman, Senior Lecturer A thesis report, submitted to the Department of Pharmacy, East West University, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Pharmacy DECLARATION BY THE CANDIDATE I hereby declare that this dissertation, entitled “Determination of changes in flow property of different mixtures of powder excipients with the varying amounts of powder lubricants” is an authentic and genuine thesis project carried out by me under the guidance of Md. Anisur Rahman, Senior Lecturer, Department of Pharmacy, East West University, Dhaka. Sumaiya Ahmed Bhasha ID # 2010-1-70-023 Department of Pharmacy East West University ENDORSEMENT BY THE CHAIRPERSON This is to certify that the dissertation entitled “Determination of changes in flow property of different mixtures of powder excipients with the varying amounts of powder lubricants” is a genuine research work carried out by Sumaiya Ahmed Bhasha, under the supervision of Md. Anisur Rahman (Senior Lecturer, Department of Pharmacy, East West University, Dhaka). I further certify that no part of the thesis has been submitted for any other degree and all the resources of the information in thus connection are duly acknowledged. Prof. Dr. Chowdhury Faiz Hossain Chairperson and Ex Dean Department of Pharmacy East West University CERTIFICATE BY THE SUPERVISOR This is to certify that the dissertation entitled “Determination of changes in flow property of different mixtures of powder excipients with the varying amounts of powder lubricants”, submitted to the Department of Pharmacy, East West University, Dhaka, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Pharmacy, was carried out by Sumaiya Ahmed Bhasha, ID # 2010-1-70-023 under my supervision and no part of this dissertation has been or is being submitted elsewhere for the award of any Degree/Diploma. Md. Anisur Rahman Senior Lecturer Department of Pharmacy East West University Acknowledgment First, all praise and glory to almighty Allah for all His generosities granted to me and I genuinely accept that only with His support and help this achievement has become possible for me. The success and final outcome of this project also required a lot of guidance and the assistance from many people and I am extremely fortunate to have got this all along completion of my project work. Whatever I have done is only due to such guidance and assistance and I would not forget to thank them. I respect and thank Md. Anisur Rahman, for giving me an opportunity to do the project and providing all support and guidance which made me complete the project on time. I am extremely grateful to him for providing such a nice support and guidance though he had busy schedule managing the academic affairs. It is also my great pleasure and privilege to acknowledge my deepest regards and gratitude to Prof. Dr. Chowdhury Faiz Hossain, Chairperson and Dr. Shamsun Nahar Khan, Associate Professor of the Dept. of Pharay, East Wet University,for their kind words during my troubling moments, and of course for constant inspiration and whole hearted cooperation. I would not forget to remember my friends Mynul Islam Mufti and Mahjabin Haque for their endless cooperation and whole hearted inspiration throughout the period of the research work. I owe my profound gratitude to our laboratory officers for their kind support till the completion of our project work by providing all the necessary information for developing a good system. I am thankful to and fortunate enough to get constant encouragement, support and guidance from all teachers of Department of Pharmacy which helped me in successfully completing this project work. Also, I would like to extend our sincere regards to all the non-teaching staff of our department for their timely support. Sumaiya Ahmed Bhasha This Research Paper is Dedicated To My Beloved Parents LIST OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION Section Topic Page Number 1.1 INTRODUCTION 2 1.2 POWDER FLOW 2 1.2.1 Definition 2 1.2.2 Importance of learning accurate flow property 3 1.2.3 Factors Affecting Powder Flow Properties 4 1.3 PARAMETERS CHECKED DURING THIS 4 EXPERIMENT 1.3.1 Carr’s Compressibility Index and Hausner Ratio 5 1.3.1.1 Experimental Considerations for the Carr’s index and 6 Hausner ratio 1.3.2 Angle of Repose 7 1.3.2.1 Angle of Repose General Scale of Flowability 7 1.3.2.2 Experimental Considerations for Angle of Repose 8 1.4 DIRECT COMPRESSIBLE TABLETS 8 1.4.1 Applications of direct compression 8 1.5 PHARMACEUTICAL EXCIPIENTS 9 1.5.1 Definition 10 1.5.2 Functions of excipients 10 1.5.3 Categories of excipients 10 1.5.3.1 Diluents 11 1.5.3.1.1 Reasons for using Diluents 11 1.5.3.1.2 Influence of diluents on bioavailability 12 1.5.3.1.3 Influence of diluents on incompatibility 12 1.5.3.2 Binders 12 1.5.3.3 Disintegrants 13 1.5.3.4 Lubricants 13 1.5.3.5 Glidants 14 1.5.3.6 Miscellaneous 14 1.6 AN OVERVIEW OF THIS THESIS 15 1.6.1 Definition- Lubricants 15 1.6.2 Functions of Lubricants 16 1.6.3 Criteria of an Ideal Lubricant 16 1.6.4 Disadvantages of lubricants 17 1.6.5 Effect of variation in parameters of Lubricants in a 17 formulation 1.6.6 Types of Lubricants 18 1.6.6.1 Insoluble or Hydrophobic lubricants 18 1.6.6.2 Soluble or Hydrophillic lubricants 18 1.7 SHORT NOTES ON THE EXCIPIENTS USED IN 18 THE EXPERIMENT 1.7.1 Calcium Phosphate, Dibasic Anhydrous (CaHPO4) 18 1.7.2 Magnesium Stearate 19 1.7.3 Zinc Stearate 19 1.7.4 Talc 20 1.7.5 Starch 20 1.7.6 Polyvinyl pyrrolidone 21 1.7.7 Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 21 1.7.8 Lactose 22 1.7.9 Boric Acid 22 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW Section Topic Page Number LITERATURE REVIEW 24- 37 CHAPTER THREE: MATERIALS AND METHODS Section Topic Page Number 3.1 MATERIALS 39 3.1.1 Excipients Collection 39 3.1.2 Excipients 39 3.1.3 Equipments and Instruments 39 3.1.4 Images of Instruments 40 3.1.5 Apparatus 41 3.2 METHODS 42 3.2.1 Preparation of Fomulation sets of excipients 42 3.2.1.1 Procedure 43 3.2.1.2 Formula One 43 3.2.1.3 Formula Two 44 3.2.2 Combination of Formulas and Lubricants in different 45 Ratio 3.2.2.1 Procedure 46 3.2.2.2 Combination 1: [F1 : Boric Acid] 46 3.2.2.3 Combination 2: [F1 : Talc] 46 3.2.2.4 Combination 3: [F1 : Sodium Lauryl Sulfate] 47