Ancient Christian Worship _McGowan_AncientWorship_TW_djm.indd 1 6/16/14 5:54 PM _McGowan_AncientWorship_TW_djm.indd 2 6/16/14 5:54 PM Ancient Christian Worship EARLY CHURCH PRACTICES IN SOCIAL, HISTORICAL, AND THEOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE Andrew B. McGowan K _McGowan_AncientWorship_TW_djm.indd 3 6/16/14 5:54 PM These websites are hyperlinked. www.bakerpublishinggroup.com www.bakeracademic.com www.brazospress.com www.chosenbooks.com www.revellbooks.com www.bethanyhouse.com © 2014 by Andrew B. McGowan Published by Baker Academic a division of Baker Publishing Group P.O. Box 6287, Grand Rapids, MI 49516-6287 www.bakeracademic.com Printed in the United States of America All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means—for example, electronic, photocopy, recording—without the prior written permission of the publisher. The only exception is brief quotations in printed reviews. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data McGowan, Andrew Brian, 1961– Ancient Christian worship : early church practices in social, historical, and theological per- spective / Andrew B. McGowan. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-8010-3152-6 (cloth) 1. Worship—History—Early church, ca. 30–600. I. Title. BV6.M39 2014 264.009015—dc23 2014009065 Unless indicated otherwise, Scripture quotations are from the New Revised Standard Version of the Bible, copyright © 1989, by the Division of Christian Education of the National Council of the Churches of Christ in the United States of America. Used by permission. All rights reserved. Scripture quotations labeled KJV are from the King James Version of the Bible. Unless indicated otherwise, translations of other ancient texts are those of the author. 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 _McGowan_AncientWorship_TW_djm.indd 4 6/16/14 5:54 PM For Brian and Cate _McGowan_AncientWorship_TW_djm.indd 5 6/16/14 5:54 PM _McGowan_AncientWorship_TW_djm.indd 6 6/16/14 5:54 PM Contents Acknowledgments ix Abbreviations xi 1. Introduction: The Origins of Christian Worship 1 2. Meal: Banquet and Eucharist 19 3. Word: Reading and Preaching 65 4. Music: Song and Dance 111 5. Initiation: Baptism, Anointing, and Foot Washing 135 6. Prayer: Hours, Ways, and Texts 183 7. Time: Feasts and Fasts 217 Epilogue: The Making of Christian Worship 261 Bibliography 263 Index of Subjects 279 Index of Modern Authors 285 Index of Scripture and Other Ancient Writings 289 vii _McGowan_AncientWorship_TW_djm.indd 7 6/16/14 5:54 PM _McGowan_AncientWorship_TW_djm.indd 8 6/16/14 5:54 PM Acknowledgments T his book contains original scholarship, but it also synthesizes the work of many other scholars who have done so much over recent decades to advance knowledge of ancient liturgy, meals, ritual, and other aspects of early Christianity. I am honored to have had many of them among my teachers, colleagues, and friends. While I hope dependence on others’ research is properly acknowledged, the intended audience of this volume has necessitated that many notes point to resources in English that will elucidate complex questions, and not necessarily to the whole of a wider body of scholarship. I particularly thank those who offered various forms of direct advice and as- sistance, especially Harold Attridge, Paul Bradshaw, Felicity Harley-McGowan, and Alistair Stewart, who each read one or more chapters. James Ernest, a colleague in early Christianity as well as a patient and conscientious editor, also offered important questions and improvements in reading the drafts. I have had important and helpful conversations with Joan Branham, Patout Burns, Jeremy Hultin, Robin Jensen, Clemens Leonhard, Jodi Magness, Hindy Najman, and Gerard Rouwhorst. My colleagues in the Society of Biblical Literature Meals in the Greco-Roman World Group have been stimulating and supportive colleagues over some years; I mention among them, repre- sentatively rather than comprehensively, Dennis Smith, Hal Taussig, Angela Standhartinger, and Matthias Kinghardt. My own limits, rather than theirs, are reflected in the results. Most of this book was written while on a sabbatical from Trinity College, Melbourne, spent at Yale Divinity School. Those who allowed me to leave the ix _McGowan_AncientWorship_TW_djm.indd 9 6/16/14 5:54 PM