ANATOMICAL ATLAS OF CHINESE ACUPUNCTURE POINTS The Cooperative Group of Shandong Medical College and Shandong College of Traditional Chinese Medicine SHANDONG SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY PRESS JINAN, CHINA 1990 First Edition 1982 New Edition 1988 Reprint 1990 Chinese Text Writer and drawer: Chen Jing Contributors: Wang Kefu, Wang Delong,Yang- TRANSLATORS* NOTES Xiaoyin, Ma Wenge, Fan Yantao, Zhang Yanhui, Guo Xinhua 1' Most of the technical terms for channels and points were adopted from Colourist: Yang Yaoshan -An outline of Chinese Acupuncture", Foreign Language Press, Bei Copy editors: Luan Mingzhen, Luo Yutan, jing 1975. Only a few of them were translated directly into English. Yang Lin, Shan Chouhua, Luo Yingnan, As the internal organs involved in acupuncture are not the actual Li Renguang, song Jingqi Liu Zhaoqun modern anatomical organs, neither Latin nor Greek terms were used in such cases. But on the contrary, most internal organs involved in auricular acupuncture in this atlas are actual anatomical organs. Therefore Latin anatomical terms were adopted from "Nomine Anatomica", 3rd Ed. 1968. 2. For unspecialized terms, English medical vocabulary in international use were adopted, e.g. 4th intercostal vessels etc. 3 Errors in Chinese edition have been corrected in this book. Some descriptions of locations of points that were thought to be inexact have also been revised in the English edition. 4. Examples of Latin abbreviations: m. musculus lig. ligmentum art. articulatio a. arteria v. vena n. nervus r. ramus 5 Translated and edited by "the translation and editorial group of the -anatomical atlas of Chinese acupuncture points" of Shandong Medical College. Translators: (in order of the chapters and sections) Jiang Qiyuan, Xi Yaosheng, Luan Mingzhen, Song Jingqi, Jiao Yong, Luo Ying-nan, Yang Lin, Yu Gui ying, Li Ren guang, Wang Published by Shandong Science and Technology Press Yuhan Lu, Jinan, China Yuechu, He Yingchang, Xiao Gong Printed by Shandong Xinhua Printing House Copy editors: Jing Jiu Lu Shengli Road, Jinan, China Zhai Yun, Lu Chengzhi, Liu Ziliang. Distributed by China International Book Trading Corporation 21 Chegongzhuang Xilu, Beijing,100044 China P.O.Box 399, Beijing, China ISBN7-5331-0173-1/R-50 Printed in the People's Republic of China THE EDITORS' NOTES The aim of this atlas is to meet the demand of the research workers PREFACE in combining traditional Chinese medicine with Western medicine and clinical application of acupuncture and acupuncture aneasthesia. This atlas is intended to provide a concise reference for those work It emphasizes the common points with their relations to human ing in the fields of combining Chinese traditional medicine with Western anatomical structures, but their physiological functions are not in medicine, research work as well as clinical therapeutics. The relationships volved. Locations of points and indications are also introduced. between acupuncture points along the channels and human anatomical In preparing the illustrations, the first step is to locate the points on structures can be studied directly by means of perspective drawings of the specimens according to the superficial landmarks and traditional anatomical dissections and surface measurings of living bodies. The measurements, then the depth for puncturing the points, being the classification of points is based on the classic theory of channel system maximum as described in this book. The next step is to dissect the specimen by layers and have the findings recorded. All points were knowledge of medical anatomy. There are 100 illustrative plates and pictures included in this book thus dissected and plates were drawn on such bases with reference to of which 77 are coloured. They fall into three categories: the first part other materials. This atlas comprises 100 plates, of which 23 are black deals with the courses, of 12 channels and 8 extra channels (Mai) points and white. They are classified into three categories: the first on such channels, locations and indications. The second part emphasizes part introduces the courses of 12 channels and 8 extra channels with the relationships between familar points and their relative anatomical relation to the locations and indications of their pertaining points. structures. Points of auricular acupuncture and their indications are in Such points are totalled 361. There are 231 common points intro cluded in the third part. Thus it is hoped to be useful for both the duced in the second part arranging in an order of the head and the clinicians and the research workers. neck, the trunk and the upper, lower extremities.. To emphasize In preparing this book, we are indebted to the Medical Univesity of their' relationalships. anatomical structures are shown in four aspects China College of Chinese Traditional Medicine in Shanghai and Hopei Me -anterior posterior, medial and lateral. Each aspect is described Collese for their scientific materials and supports. from different layers - surface, superficial and deep layers. For some points, middle layers are added. Still more points are described in sectional drawings. comments and suggestions from our readers. Expanatory notes involve four items, viz. locations, acupuncture manipulations, anatomy and indications. Notes of precaution are especially made for points which have vital structure underneath and dangers are likely. In such cases drawiwngs of correct and incorrect insertions are appended. The so-called superficial layer in explana tory notes refer to structures between the skin and the deep fascia, while the so-called deep layer refers to structures through which the tip of the needle reaches from the deep fascia. As the actual posi tions in the superficial, middle and deep layers are just vertical pro jections of their respective points on the surface of the skin, so points away from the median line in different aspects do not necessarily get BladderChannel on the back are located at one intercostal space lower where the tip of the needle reached in the deep layers. Such a case than those described in other books. may result from three reasons: First, human extremities and organs In describing the relationships between the points and the anatomical may be regarded as irregular cylinders, so if needles are inserted per structures, anatomical terms of Western medicine are used as a pendicularly from different points arranged horizontally on the sur general rule, such as anterior aspect, radial aspect etc. This principle face, different needles may reach the same position. And it is not is observed in locating the points. But the traditional ways are still desirable to locate two points at one position, so projection method is preserved to decribe some points. thought to be suitable for describing such points. For example, Pt. According to the Chinese traditional medicine, for locating the acu Fenglong and Pt. Tiaokou are at the same level on the body surface puncture points, various part of the human body is divided into certain with a distance of 1 cun ( ^j* ) between them, but the tips of needles equal divisions (showing with red lines beside the related figures, such reach the same position, viz. between the tibia and the fibula, whereas as fig. 24, 25 etc.) each of which is called 1 cun. the former is on the lateral aspect of the fibula according to the pro For presenting the depth of puncture, 1 cun equal to 3.33 cm of the jection method. Such conditions are common for points on the ex tremities, e.g. points for regulating talipes varus and talipes valgus. metric system. Second, for points of transverse or oblique puncturing, it is usually ■ difficult to show the actual positions of the needles on a plane plate, such as Pt. Yifeng, Pt. Weishang. Pt. Zengyin and Pt. Ditao. Projec tion method is preferable for such points. Third, for some points with certain special postures, it is difficult to indicate the actual posi tions that the needle reached by an anatomical drawing. Pt. Quchi, for example, can only be punctured when the elbow is flexed at an angle of 90°, while it is extended in the plate. According to the pro jection method, the actual position of this point can only be above the supracondyle of the humerus. Such conditions are common for points around the joints. Therefore one should not be mistaken when points described in the explanatory notes contradict those shown by projection method. In this case the explanatory notes should be the only criterion. 4. Structures through which the needle passes refer to an area 1 cun in diameter around the tip of the needle. The anatomical structures re quired for the explanatory notes were thought to be incomplete. 5. All the "shu" points in this atlas are measured and located by ana tomical landmarks and traditional measurements. Points on dif ferent channels are printed in different colours (as shown in Fig. 24), while the anatomical structures and points are distinguished separate ly with dotted and straight lines. 6. Our repeated examinations on living bodies and dissections on speci mens have led to a discovery that each spinous process corresponds to the level of an intercostal space below. For example, Pt. Dashu, which underlies the spinous process of the 1st thoracic vertebra and is 1.5 cun lateral to the middle line, corresponds to the 2nd inter costal space rather than the 1st. Therefore, points of the Urinary CONTENTS Part I. Courses of the Channels General Illustration on Courses of the channels Fig. 1 Distribution of Fourteen Channels (Anterior View) 3 Fig. 2 Distribution of Fourteen Channels (Posterior View) 4 Fig. 3 Distribution of Fourteen Channels (Side View) 5 . Courses of Various Channels 1. Courses of Twelve Channels 6 Fig. 4 Course of the Lung Channel of Hand-Taiyin 6 Fig. 5 Course of the Large Intestine Channel of Hand-Yangming ... 9 Fig. 6 Course of the Stomach Channel of Foot-Yangming 13 Fig. 7 Course of the Spleen Channel of Foot-Taiyin 19 Fig. 8 Course of the Heart Channel of Hand-Shaoyin 23 Fig. 9 Course of the Small Intestine Channel of Hand-Taiyang ... 26 Fig. 10 Course of the Urinary Bladder Channel of Foot-Taiyang ... 30 Fig. 11 Course of the Kidney Channel of Foot-Shaoyin 37 Fig. 12 Course of the Pericardium Channel of Hand-Jueyin 41 Fig. 13 Course of the Sanjiao Channel of Hand-Shaoyang 44 Fig. 14 Course of the Gall Bladder Channel of Foot-Shaoyang .... 48 Fig. 15 Course of the Liver Channel of Foot-Jueyin 54 2. Course of Eight Extra Channels 57 , Fig. 16 Course of Du Mai . 57 Fig. 17 Course of Ren Mai , • ■ ■ 61 Fig. 18 Course of Chong Mai 64 Fig. 19 Course of Dai Mai 66 Fig. 20 Course of Yangqiao Mai 68 Fig. 21 Course of Yinqiao Mai . . . '- 70 Fig. 22 Course of Yangwei Mai 72 Fig. 23 Course of Yinwei Mai 74 Part II. The Relationship between the Channels-Points and Anatomical Structures I. The General Diagram of Relationship between the AH Channels-Points and Anatomical Structures Fig. 24 The Relationship between All Points and Anatomical Structures (An terior Aspect) Fig. 25 The Relationship between All Points and Anatomical Structures (Posterior Aspect) III. Trunk II. Head and Neck 1. The Anterior Aspect of the Trunk ' 114 1. The Anterior Aspect of the Head and Neck 79 Fig. 26 The Relationship between the Points and Surface Anatomical Struc Fig. 47 The Relationship between the Points and Surface Anatomical Struc tures of Anterior Aspect of Head and Neck 79 tures of the Anterior Aspect of the Trunk 114 Fig. 27 The Relationship between the Points and Superficial, Deep Anatomi Fig. 48 The Relationship between the Points and the Superficial Anatomical cal Structures of Anterior Aspect of Head and Neck 80 Structures of the Anterior Aspect of the Trunk 115 Fig. 28 The Relationship between the Points and Surface Anatomical Struc Fig. 49 The Relationship between the Points and Deep Anatomical Struc tures of Orbital Region XI tures of the Anterior Aspect of the Trunk hq Fig. 29 The Relationship between the Points and Superficial Anatomical Fig. 50 Anatomical Structures and Location of Partial Points on the Anterior Structures of Orbital Region 81 Aspect of the Trunk ^j Fig. 30 The Relationship between the Puncture Direction of the Pt. Qiuhou 2. The Lateral Aspect of the Trunk ^s and the Anatomical Structures of the Superficial and Deep Layers Fig. 31 The Relationship between the Puncture Direction of the Points in Or Fig. 51 The Relationship between the Points and Superficial Anatomical bital Region and the Structures in Superficial and Deep Layers .82 Structures of the Lateral Aspect of the Trunk j2« Fig. 52 The Relationship between the Points and Deep Anatomical Structures 2. The Lateral Aspect of the Head and Neck 90 of the Lateral Aspect of the Trunk 129 Fig. 32 The Relationship between the Points and Surface Anatomical Struc Fig. 53 Anatomical Structures and Loction of Partial Points of the Lateral tures of the Lateral Aspect of Head and Neck 90 Aspect of the Trunk ^q Fig." 33 The Relationship between the Points and Superficial Structures of 3. The Posterior Aspect of the Trunk ton the Lateral Aspect of Head and Neck 91 Fig. 34 The Relationship between the Points and Middle Anatomical Struc Fig. 54 The Relationship between the Points and Surface Anatomical Struc tures of the Lateral Aspect of Head and Neck 92 tures of the Posterior Aspect of the Trunk 133 Fig. 35 The Relationship between the Points and Deep Anatomical Struc Fig. 55 The Relationship between the Pcints and Superficial Anatomical tures of the Lateral Aspect of Head and Neck 93 Structures of the Posterior Aspect of the Trunk 134 Fig. 36 The Relationship between the Points and Superficial Anatomical Fig. 56 The Relationship between the Points and Deep Anatomical Struc tures of the Posterior Aspect of the Trunk 135 - Structures of Auricular Region- 94 Fig. 37 The Relationship between the Points and Deep Anatomical Struc Fig. 57 The Sections of the Partial Points of the Posterior Aspect of the tures of Auricular Region 94 Trunk 136 Fig. 38 The Relationship between the Points of the Lianquan and Shang- Fig. 58 The Relationship between the Partial Points and Anatomical Struc tures of the MidsagittalSection of the Trunk 137 Hanquan and Anatomical Structures 95 Fig. 39 The Relationship between the Points of the Ermen, Tinggong, Ting- IV. Upper Extremity xue and Tinghui and Anatomical Structures 95 1. The Anterior Aspect of IJpper Extremity ir4 3. The Posterior Aspect of the Head and Neck 105 Fig. 59 The Relationship between the Points and Surface Anatomical Struc Fig. 40 The Relationship between the Points and Surface Antomical Struc tures of the Anterior Aspect of Upper Extremity 154 tures of Posterior Aspect of Head and Neck 105 Fig. 60 The Relationship between the Points and Anatomical Structures in Fg. 41 The Relationship between the Points and Deep Anatomical Struc Superficial Layer of the Anterior Aspect of the Upper Extremity tures of Posterior Aspect of Head and Neck 106 Fig. 61 The Relationship between the Points and Anatomical Structures in Fig. 42 The Relationship between the Points of Vertex and the Anatomical Medial Layer of the Anterior Aspect of the Upper Extremity . 155 Structures 107 Fig. 62 The Relationship between the Points and Anatomical Structures in Fig. 43 A Diagram Showing the Layers of the Anatomical Structures Pass Deep Layer of the Anterior Aspect of the Upper Extremity . . 257 ed in Puncturing the Points on Vertex 107 Fig. 44 The Relationship between the Puncture Direction of the Fengfu, 2. The Lateral Aspect of Upper Extremity 16- Yamen and Dazhui Points and Anatomical Structures ... 108 Fig. 63 The Relationship between the Pionts and Surface Anatmoical Struc Fig. 45 The Relationship between the Puncture Direction of the Pt. Yifeng tures of the Lateral Aspect of Upper Extremity 165 and Anatomical Structures 109 Fig. 64 The Relationship between the Points and Anatomical Structures in Fig. 46 The Diagram of Transverse Section Showing the Puncture Direc Superficial Layer of the Lateral Aspect of the Upper Extremity 166 tion of the Pt. Fengchi 109 Fig. 65 The Relationship between the Points and Anatomical Structures in 3. The Posterior Aspect of Lower Extremity 214 Deep Layer of the Lateral Aspect of the Upper Extremity . . 167 Fig. 86 The Relationship between the Points and Surface Anatomical Struc Fig. 66 The Sections of Partial Points of Upper Extremity .... 168 tures ofthePosterior Aspect of the Lower Extremity . . . . 214 Fig. 87 The Relationship between the Points and Superficial Anatomical 3. The Posterior Aspect of Upper Extremity 173 Structures of the Posterior Aspect of the Lower Extremity . . 215 Fig. 67 The Relationship between the Points and Surface Anatomical Struc Fig. 88 The Relationship between the Points and Anatomical Structures in tures of the Posterior Aspect of the Upper Extremity .... 173 Medial Layer of the Posterior Aspect of the Lower Extremity . 216 Fig. 68 The Relationship between the Points and Anatomical Structures in Fig. 89 The Relationship between the Points and Anatomical Structures in Superficial Layer of the Posterior Aspect of the Upper Extremity . Deep Layer of the Posterior Aspect of the Lower Extremity . 217 Fig. 69 The Relationship between the Points and Anatomical Structures in Fig. 90 The Sections of the Partial Points of the Lower Extremity . . 218 Medial Layer of the Posterior Aspect of the Upper Extremity 175 Fig. 70 The Relationship between the Points and Anatomical Structures in 4. The Medial Aspect of the Lower Extremity 223 Deep Layer of the Posterior Aspect of the Upper Extremity . 175 Fig. 91 The Relationship between the Points and Surface Anatomical Struc tures of the Medial Aspect of the Lower Extremity .... 223 4. The Medial Aspect of Upper Extremity 181 Fig. 92 The Relationship between the Points and Anatomical Structures in Fig. 71 The Relationship between the Points and Surface Anatomical Struc Superficial Layer of the Medial Aspect of the Lower Extremity 224 tures of the Medial Aspect of the Upper Extremity .... 181 Fig. 93 The Relationship between the Points and the Anatomical Structures Fig. 72 The Relationship between the Points and Anatomical Structures in in Deep Layer of the Medial Aspect of the Lower Extremity 225 Superficial Layer of the Medial Aspect of the Upper Extremity 182 Fig. 73 The Relationship between the Points and Anatomical Structures in 5. The Dorsum and Planta of the Foot 230 Deep Layer cf the Medial Aspect of the Upper Extremity . . ^gg Fig. 94 The Relationship between the Surface Anatomical Structures and the Fig. 74 The Section of the Partial Points of the Upper Extremity . . ]£4 Points of the Dorsum and Planta of the Foot 230 Fig. 95 The Relationship between the Points and Anatomical Structures in 5. Dorsum and Palm of the Hand 188 Superficial, Deep Layer of the Dorsum of the Foot ■ ... 231 Fig. 75 The Relationship between the Points and Surface Anatomical Struc Fig. 96 The Relationship between the Points and Anatomical Structures in tures of the Dorsum and Palm of Hand 188 Superficial, Deep Layer of the Planta of the Foot o'-J2 Fig. 76 The Relationship between the Points and Anatomical Structures in Superficial, Deep Layer of the Dorsum of Hand 189 Part III Ear Acupuncture Fig. 77 The Relationship between the Points and Anatomical Structures in Fig. 97 The Relationship between the Points of Left Auricula and Surface Superficial, Deep Layer of the Palm of the Hand 190 Anatomical Structures 239 V. Lower Extremity Fig. 98 The Superficial Anatomical Structures of the Anterior Aspect of Left Auricula 240 1. The Anterior Aspect of the Lower Extremity 1% Fig. 99 The Deep Anatomical Structures of the Anterior Aspect of Left Auri Fig. 78 The Relationship between the Points and Surface Anatomical Struc ga 241 tures of the Anterior Aspect of the Lower Extremity .... 196 Fig. 100 The Relationship between the Points and Superficial, Deep Anatomi Fig. 79 The Relationship between the Points and Superficial Anatomical cal Structures of the Posterior Aspect of the Auricula . . , 242 Structures of the Anterior Aspect of the Lower Extremity . . 197 Fig. 80 The Relationship between the Points andMiddleAnatomical Struc tures of the Anterior Aspect of the Lower Extremity . . -198 Fig. 81 The Relationship between the Points and Anatomical Structures in Deep Layer of the Anterior Aspect of the Lower Extremity . . 199 2. The Lateral Aspect of Lower Extremity 206 Fig. 82 The Relationship between the Points and Surface Anatomical Struc tures of the Lateral Aspect of the Lower Extremity .... 206 Fig. 83 The Relationship between the Points and Anatomical Structures in Superficial Layer of the Lateral Aspect of the Lower Extremity 207 Fig. 84 The Relationship between the Points and Anatomical Structures in Deep Layer of the Lateral Aspect of the Lower Extremity . . 208 Fig. 85 The Sections of the Partial Points of the Lower Extremity . . 209 Part 1 COURSES OF THE CHANNELS I. General Illustration on Courses of the channels the Urinary Bladder Du Mai Channel of Foot-Taiyang the Lung Channel of Hand-Taiyin Ren Mai the Pericardium Channel of Hand-Jueyin the Heari Channel of Haml-Shaoyin the Spleen Channel of the Stomach Channel of Fool-Yangming the Liver Channel of Foot-Jucyin the Kidney Channel of Foot-Shaoyin Fig. 1 Distribution of Fourteen Channels (Anterior View) r the Sanjiao Channel of Hand-Shaoyang Du Mai the Small Intestine Channel of Hand-Taiyang the Small Intestine Channel the Sanjiao Channel of Hand-Taiyang of Hand-Shaoyang the Large Intestine Channel of Hand-Yangming Spleen Channel the Gall Bladder Channel of Foot-Shaoyang 1 J Foot-Taiyin the Urinary Bladder Channel of Foot-Taiyang Fig. 2 Distribution of Fourteen Channels (Posterior View) Fig. 3 Distribution of Fourteen Channels (Side View)