Anatomic Exposures in Vascular Surgery THIRD EDITION THIRD EDITION Anatomic Exposures in Vascular Surgery Gary G. Wind, M.D., F.A.C.S. Professor of Surgery Department of Surgery Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences Director of Art and Education, Vesalius.com Bethesda, Maryland R. James Valentine, M.D., F.A.C.S. Professor and Chairman Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Executive Vice Chairman, Department of Surgery Alvin Baldwin, Jr. Chair in Surgery University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas, Texas Acquisitions Editor: Brian Brown Product Manager: Brendan Huffman Production Project Manager: Priscilla Crater Senior Manufacturing Manager: Benjamin Rivera Marketing Manager: Lisa Lawrence Design Coordinator: Stephen Druding Production Service: S4Carlisle Publishing Services © 2013 by Gary G. Wind and R. James Valentine Published by LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS a WOLTERS KLUWER business Two Commerce Square 2001 Market Street Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA LWW.com All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by any means, including photocopying, or utilized by any information storage and retrieval system without written permission from the copyright owner, except for brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. Materials appearing in this book prepared by individuals as part of their official duties as U.S. government employees are not covered by the above-mentioned copyright. Printed in China Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Wind, Gary G. Anatomic exposures in vascular surgery / Gary G. Wind, R. James Valentine; illustrated by Gary G. Wind. — 3rd ed.   p. ; cm.  Rev. ed. of: Anatomic exposures in vascular surgery / R. James Valentine, Gary G. Wind.  Includes bibliographical references and index.  ISBN 978-1-4511-8472-3 (alk. paper) — ISBN 1-4511-8472-7 (alk. paper) I. Valentine, R. James, 1954- II. Valentine, R. James, 1954- Anatomic exposures in vascular surgery. III. Title. [DNLM: 1. Blood Vessels—anatomy & histology—Atlases. 2. Vascular Surgical Procedures—Atlases. WG 17]  611ʹ.13—dc23 2012036861 Care has been taken to confirm the accuracy of the information presented and to describe generally accepted practices. However, the authors, editors, and publisher are not responsible for errors or omissions or for any consequences from application of the information in this book and make no warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the currency, completeness, or accuracy of the contents of the publication. Application of the information in a particular situation remains the professional responsibility of the practitioner. The authors, editors, and publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accordance with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any change in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new or infrequently employed drug. Some drugs and medical devices presented in the publication have Food and Drug Administration (FDA) clearance for limited use in restricted research settings. It is the responsibility of the health care provider to ascertain the FDA status of each drug or device planned for use in their clinical practice. This book was written by Drs. Gary G. Wind and R. James Valentine in their private capacity. The authors are solely responsible for its content. No official support or endorsement by the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences or the Department of Defense is intended or should be inferred. The opinions or assertions contained herein are the private views of the authors and should not be construed as official or as necessarily reflecting the view of the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences or the Department of Defense. To purchase additional copies of this book, call our customer service department at (800) 638-3030 or fax orders to (301) 223-2320. International customers should call (301) 223-2300. Visit Lippincott Williams & Wilkins on the Internet: at LWW.com. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins customer service representatives are available from 8:30 am to 6 pm, EST. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 To our wives Marilyn Gail Wind and Tracy Williams Valentine for their patience and support CONTRIBUTORS Forearm Fasciotomy: Jeffrey A. Marchessault, MD Adjunct Faculty, Lincoln Memorial University-DeBusk College  of Osteopathic Medicine, Harrogate TN Associated Orthopaedics of Kingsport, TN Vascular Exposure of the Lumbar Spine: David Whittaker, MD, FACS CDR, MC, USN Chief, Vascular Surgery Walter Reed National Military Medical Center Bethesda, MD Leo Daab, MD Fellow, Vascular Surgery Walter Reed National Military Medical Center Bethesda, MD vii CONTENTS Contributors vii Foreword from the First Edition xi Preface to the First Edition xiii Preface to the Third Edition xv INTRODUCTION Embryology of the Arteries and Veins 1 EXTRACRANIAL CIRCULATION OF THE HEAD AND NECK 21 CHAPTER 1 Carotid Arteries 23 CHAPTER 2 Vertebral Arteries 51 VESSELS OF THE CHEST 77 CHAPTER 3 Thoracic Aorta 79 CHAPTER 4 Superior Thoracic Aperture and Cervicothoracic Sympathetic Chain 113 VESSELS OF THE UPPER EXTREMITY 153 CHAPTER 5 Axillary Artery 155 CHAPTER 6 Brachial Artery 177 CHAPTER 7 Forearm Vessels 189 CHAPTER 8 Hand Vessels 217 VESSELS OF THE ABDOMEN 235 CHAPTER 9 Upper Abdominal Aorta, Including the Visceral and Supraceliac Segments 237 CHAPTER 10 Celiac and Mesenteric Arteries 273 CHAPTER 11 Renal Arteries 295 CHAPTER 12 Infrarenal Abdominal Aorta, Pelvic Arteries, and Lumbar Sympathetic Chain 315 CHAPTER 13 Inferior Vena Cava 349 CHAPTER 14 Portal Venous System 365 ix VESSELS OF THE LOWER EXTREMITY 389 CHAPTER 15 Common Femoral Artery 391 CHAPTER 16 Vessels of the Thigh 429 CHAPTER 17 Popliteal Artery 449 CHAPTER 18 Vessels of the Leg 483 VASCULAR VARIATION 539 CHAPTER 19 Anatomic Variation of the Blood Vessels 541 APPENDIX Selected Anatomic References 577 Subject Index 579 x | CONTENTS