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Analyzing Genres in Political Communication: Theory and Practice PDF

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Analyzing Genres in Political Communication Discourse Approaches to Politics, Society and Culture (DAPSAC) The editors invite contributions that investigate political, social and cultural processes from a linguistic/discourse-analytic point of view. The aim is to publish monographs and edited volumes which combine language-based approaches with disciplines concerned essentially with human interaction – disciplines such as political science, international relations, social psychology, social anthropology, sociology, economics, and gender studies. For an overview of all books published in this series, please see http://benjamins.com/catalog/dapsac General Editors Ruth Wodak, Greg Myers and Johann Unger Lancaster University Editorial address: Department of Linguistics and English Language, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YL, United Kingdom. [email protected]; [email protected] and [email protected] Advisory Board Christine Anthonissen Konrad Ehlich Christina Schäffner Stellenbosch University Free University, Berlin Aston University Michael Billig J.R. Martin Louis de Saussure Loughborough University University of Sydney University of Neuchâtel Piotr Cap Luisa Martín Rojo Hailong Tian University of Łódź Universidad Autonoma Tianjin University de Madrid of Commerce Paul Chilton Lancaster University Jacob L. Mey Joanna Thornborrow University of Southern Denmark Cardiff University Teun A. van Dijk Universitat Pompeu Fabra, John Richardson Sue Wright Barcelona Loughborough University University of Portsmouth Volume 50 Analyzing Genres in Political Communication. Theory and practice Edited by Piotr Cap and Urszula Okulska Analyzing Genres in Political Communication Theory and practice Edited by Piotr Cap University of Łódź Urszula Okulska University of Warsaw John Benjamins Publishing Company Amsterdam / Philadelphia TM The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of 8 the American National Standard for Information Sciences – Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ansi z39.48-1984. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Analyzing Genres in Political Communication : Theory and practice / Edited by Piotr Cap and Urszula Okulska. p. cm. (Discourse Approaches to Politics, Society and Culture, issn 1569-9463 ; v. 50) Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Discourse analysis--Political aspects. 2. Public communication--Political aspects. 3. Journalism--Political aspects. 4. Mass media--Political aspects. 5.  Communication in politics. I. Cap, Piotr, editor of compilation. II. Okulska, Urszula, editor of compilation. P302.77.A57 2013 320.01’41--dc23 2013020218 isbn 978 90 272 0641 1 (Hb ; alk. paper) isbn 978 90 272 7148 8 (Eb) © 2013 – John Benjamins B.V. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by print, photoprint, microfilm, or any other means, without written permission from the publisher. John Benjamins Publishing Co. · P.O. Box 36224 · 1020 me Amsterdam · The Netherlands John Benjamins North America · P.O. Box 27519 · Philadelphia pa 19118-0519 · usa Table of contents Notes on contributors vii Analyzing genres in political communication: An introduction 1 Piotr Cap and Urszula Okulska Part I. Theory-driven approaches Chapter 1 Genres in political discourse: The case of the ‘inaugural speech’ of Austrian chancellors 29 Helmut Gruber Chapter 2 Political interviews in context 73 Anita Fetzer and Peter Bull Chapter 3 Policy, policy communication and discursive shifts: Analyzing EU policy discourses on climate change 101 Michał Krzyżanowski Chapter 4 The television election night broadcast: A macro genre of political discourse 135 Gerda Lauerbach Chapter 5 Analyzing meetings in political and business contexts: Different genres – similar strategies? 187 Ruth Wodak vi Analyzing Genres in Political Communication Chapter 6 Presenting politics: Persuasion and performance across genres of political communication 223 James Moir Part II. Data-driven approaches Chapter 7 Legitimizing the Iraq War through the genre of political speeches: Rhetorics of judge-penitence in the narrative reconstruction of Denmark’s cooperation with Nazism 239 Bernhard Forchtner Chapter 8 Macro and micro, quantitative and qualitative: An integrative approach for analyzing (election night) speeches 267 Thorsten Malkmus Chapter 9 Reframing the American Dream: Conceptual metaphor and personal pronouns in the 2008 US presidential debates 297 Michael S. Boyd Chapter 10 The late-night TV talk show as a strategic genre in American political campaigning 321 Katarzyna Molek-Kozakowska Chapter 11 Multimodal legitimation: Looking at and listening to Obama’s ads 345 Rowan R. Mackay Chapter 12 Blogging as the mediatization of politics and a new form of social interaction: A case study of ‘proximization dynamics’ in Polish and British political blogs 379 Monika Kopytowska Index 423 Notes on contributors Michael S. Boyd ([email protected]) is an English language lecturer (lettore) in the Department of Foreign Languages and Cultures at the University of Roma Tre and an Adjunct Professor in the Faculty of Interpreting and Transla- tion Studies at the LUSPIO University, Rome. He teaches courses in general Eng- lish and applied discourse analysis. His research interests include CDA, political linguistics, new media, and (Critical) discourse analysis for translation and inter- preting studies. He is the the author of articles on political discourse, ESP and new technologies. Recent publications include “(New) political genres for the masses? YouTube in the 2008 US presidential elections” in the volume Genres on the Move. Hybridization and Discourse Change in Specialized Communication, “Participa- tion and recontextualization in the new media: Political discourse on YouTube” (forthcoming) and, with Claudia Monacelli, “Politics, (con)text and genre: Apply- ing CDA and DHA to interpreter training”. Dr. Peter Bull ([email protected]) is a Reader in Psychology at the Univer- sity of York (United Kingdom), and a Fellow of the British Psychological Society. He holds first degrees in both Modern History (University of Oxford) and Psy- chology (University of Exeter), where he was also awarded his Ph.D. His principal research interest is the detailed microanalysis of interpersonal communication. He has over 90 academic publications concerned with this theme, principally in the form of refereed journal articles. He is the author of The Microanalysis of Polit- ical Communication: Claptrap and Ambiguity (2003), and Communication under the Microscope: The Theory and Practice of Microanalysis (2002). Professor Piotr Cap ([email protected]) is head of the Department of Prag- matics at the University of Łódź, Poland. His research interests are in cognitive pragmatics, (critical) discourse analysis, political linguistics, genre theory, busi- ness communication, and methodology of linguistic analysis. His monographic and edited publications include Explorations in Political Discourse (Lang, 2002), Pragmatics Today (Lang, 2005), Legitimisation in Political Discourse (Cambridge Scholars Press, 2006/2008), New Approaches to Discourse and Business Commu- nication (Palgrave, 2009), Perspectives in Politics and Discourse (John Benjamins, 2010) and Proximization: The Pragmatics of Symbolic Distance Crossing (John viii Analyzing Genres in Political Communication Benjamins, 2013). He is Founding Editor of the international journal Lodz Papers in Pragmatics (Mouton de Gruyter), Managing Editor of the International Review of Pragmatics (Brill) and member of advisory boards of several journals and book series in pragmatics and discourse analysis, including Pragmatics: Quarterly Pub- lication of the International Pragmatics Association, and Discourse Approaches to Politics, Society and Culture (DAPSAC) (John Benjamins). He was a Fulbright Fel- low at the University of California, Berkeley and Boston University, a Humboldt Fellow at the University of Munich, and has given talks in Europe, Asia, Australia and the Americas. Anita Fetzer ([email protected]) is a full professor of English linguistics at the University of Augsburg, Germany. She received her Ph.D. from Stuttgart University in 1993 and her habilitation in 2003, and is currently en- gaged in research projects on follow-ups in political discourse, and on the overt and non-overt realization of discourse relations. Her research interests focus on pragmatics, functional grammar, contrastive analysis, modality and evidentiality, and context. She has had a series of articles published on rejections, context, and political discourse. Her most recent publications are Contexts and Context: Parts Meets Whole (2011, with Etsuko Oishi), Political Discourse in the Media (2007, with Gerda Lauerbach), Context and Appropriateness (2007), and Recontextual- izing Context: Grammaticality Meets Appropriateness (2004). Bernhard Forchtner ([email protected]) is a Wilhelm-von-Humboldt Fellow at the Institute of Social Sciences, Humboldt University, Berlin. He ob- tained his doctoral degree from the Department of Sociology and the Depart- ment of Linguistics and English Language at Lancaster University, UK. His thesis explored the relation between public apologies, societal learning and self-righ- teousness. He has published in the field of memory studies, at the interface of sociological theory and critical discourse analysis, and on prejudice and discrimi- nation. Recent publications include “Narrating a ‘new Europe’: From ‘bitter past’ to self-righteousness?’ in Discourse & Society, “Critique and argumentation. On the relation between the discourse-historical approach and pragma-dialectics” in Journal of Language and Politics and “Embattled Vienna 1683/2010: right- wing populism, collective memory and the fictionalisation of politics” in Visual Communication. Helmut Gruber ([email protected]) is an Associate Professor of Ap- plied Linguistics at the University of Vienna. He studied Psychology, Applied Linguistics and Education at Vienna University. He has published in various fields of Applied Linguistics such as Critical Discourse Analysis, media studies, political discourse analysis, conflict communication, and Computer Mediated Notes on contributors ix Communication. He is co-editor of Pragmatics, the quarterly journal of the In- ternational Pragmatics Association (IPrA), and member of IPrA’s consultation board. Monika Kopytowska ([email protected]) received her Ph.D. from the University of Łódź, Poland, where she is currently affiliated with the Depart- ment of Pragmatics. Her research interests revolve around media discourse and the pragma-rhetorical aspects of the mass-mediated representation of conflict, ethnicity, and religion. She has published internationally in linguistic journals and volumes and is now working on the dynamics of proximization in the news discourse. She is the co-editor of Lodz Papers in Pragmatics, the associate editor of CADAAD Journal, and the editorial board member of The University of Nairobi Journal of Language and Linguistics. Michał Krzyżanowski ([email protected]) is Full Professor of Media and Communication Studies at Örebro University, Sweden, which he joined in 2013 after holding posts at the Universities of Aberdeen and Lancaster (UK), Uni- versity of Vienna (Austria) and Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań (Poland). He is specialized in Critical Discourse Analysis and has researched extensively on media and political communication in the context of Europe’s social, political and institutional change. He also works on developing new, qualitative and integra- tive approaches in critical discourse studies (incl. discursive ethnography or dis- course-conceptual analysis). Michał is Associate Editor of the Journal of Language and Politics and serves on editorial boards of such journals as, inter alia, Critical Discourse Studies or Qualitative Sociology Review. His recent book-length publica- tions include: Ethnography and Critical Discourse Analysis (2011); The Discursive Construction of European Identities (2010); European Public Sphere and the Media: Europe in Crisis (with A. Triandafyllidou & R. Wodak, 2009); The Politics of Exclu- sion: Debating Migration in Austria (with R. Wodak, 2009); Qualitative Discourse Analysis in the Social Sciences (with R. Wodak, 2008; Polish translation 2011), Discourse and Transformation in Central and Eastern Europe (with A. Galasińska, 2008); (Un)Doing Europe: Discourses and Practices of Negotiating the EU Constitu- tion (with F. Oberhuber, 2007). Gerda Lauerbach ([email protected]) has retired as Professor of English Linguistics and Applied Linguistics at Goethe University, Frankfurt/ Main. Her teaching focused on semantics, pragmatics, conversation analysis and critical discourse analysis, her recent research on political discourse on television. She has published on discourse practice and ideology, on genre, preference and inference, on argument and rhetoric, and on the interaction of the visual and

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Featuring contributions by leading specialists in the field, the volume is a survey of cutting edge research in genres in political discourse. Since, as is demonstrated, “political genres” reveal many of the problems pertaining to the analysis of communicative genres in general, it is also a sta
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