Analysis, Simulation and Cryogenic/Mechanical Design for ALMA Band 5 Cartridge Magnus Strandberg Department for Earth and Space Sciences CHALMERS UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Göteborg, Sweden 2011 THESIS FOR THE DEGREE OF LICENTIATE OF ENGINEERING Analysis, Simulation and Cryogenic/Mechanical Design for ALMA Band 5 Cartridge Magnus Strandberg Technical Report No. 2011: 46L Group for Advanced Receiver Development Department of Earth and Space Sciences CHALMERS UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Göteborg, Sweden 2011 Analysis, Simulation and Cryogenic/Mechanical Design for ALMA Band 5 Cartridge MAGNUS STRANDBERG © MAGNUS STRANDBERG, 2011 Technical Report No. 46L Department of Earth and Space Sciences Group for Advanced Receiver Development, Chalmers University of Technology SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden Telephone + 46 (0)31 772 1000 Fax: +46 (0)31 772 1801 Email: [email protected] Cover: The telescopes in the picture are seven ALMA antennas at Chajnantor site, Atacama, Chile. Credit: ALMA (ESO/NAOJ/NRAO), Lutz Stenvers (Vertex). At the bottom left a fully eqiuped ALMA Band 5 cartridge is shown. At the bottom left a simulation with ANSYS of the thermal deformation for the ALMA Band 5 cartridge is shown. . Printed by Chalmers Reproservice Chalmers University of Technology SE_41296 Göteborg, Sweden Göteborg, Sweden 2011 Abstract Analysis, Simulation and Cryogenic/Mechanical Design for ALMA Band 5 Cartridge MAGNUS STRANDBERG Department of Earth and Space Sciences Chalmers University of Technology Abstract This licentiate thesis describes the work conducted by the author during the development of the ALMA Band 5 cartridge. The ALMA project as an international collaboration between various continents consisting of 66 antennas in total with ten ALMA receivers that observes in the range from 31 GHz and 950 GHz. The ALMA Band 5 receiver cartridge is designed for a frequency range of 163-211 GHz. For achieving the lowest possible system noise temperature, internal key components in the ALMA Band 5 cartridge, such as mixers and amplifiers, should experience a low temperature in the cryogenic region. By optimizing thermal heat load at various temperature stages and create a rigid structure by using various properties of material‟s behaviour in cryogenic temperature, the cartridge are shown to be fulfilling all specified specifications. Index Terms – ALMA frontend, receiver cartridge, cryogenics, mechanical stress, thermal contraction. i List of Publications List of Publications Appended papers The thesis is based on the work in the following papers: Paper A M. Strandberg, I. Lapkin, V. Belitsky, A. Pavolotsky and S.-E. Ferm, “Analysis, Simulation and Design of Cryogenic Systems for ALMA Band 5 Prototype Cartridge.”, Proceedings of the 20th International Symposium on Space Terahertz Technology, Charlottesville, April 20- 22, 2009, pp. 307-310 Paper B M. Strandberg, I. Lapkin, “Cryogenic, Mechanical Analysis and Simulation for ALMA Band 5 Prototype Cartridge.”, Submitted to Instruments and Experimental Techniques (Pribory i Tekhnika Eksperimenta), 2011 Related papers Following papers are not included due to overlap with appended papers or outside the scope of the thesis: Paper C V. Belitsky, B. Billade, V. Desmaris, D. Dochev, M. Fredrixon, S.-E. Ferm, G. Johnsen, I. Lapkin, D. Meledin, O. Nyström, A. Pavolotsky, H Rashid, E. Sundin, M. Strandberg, “Design and performance of ALMA band 5 receiver cartridge.”, 35th International Conference on Infrared Millimeter and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz), Sept. 5-10 2010 Paper D V. Belitsky, B. Billade, V. Desmaris, D. Dochev, M. Fredrixon, S.-E. Ferm, G. Johnsen, I. Lapkin, D. Meledin, O. Nyström, A. Pavolotsky, H. Rashid, E. Sundin, M. Strandberg, “Advanced Technologies for Radio Astronomy Instrumentation.”, Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, 2010 Paper E B. Billade, I. Lapkin, O. Nyström, E. Sundin, M. Fredrixon, M. Strandberg, D. Meledin, S.- E. Ferm, H. Rashid, V. Desmaris, D. Dochev, G. Johnsen, A. Pavolotsky, V. Belitsky, “Design and Performance of ALMA Band 5 Receiver Components.”, Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, 2010 Paper F O. Nyström, I. Lapkin, V. Desmaris, D. Dochev, S.-E. Ferm, M. Fredrixon, D. Henke; D. Meledin; R. Monje, M. Strandberg, E. Sundin, V. Vassilev, Victor Belitsky, “Integrated iii List of Publications Setup for THz Receiver Characterization.”, Proceedings of The 21st International Symposium on Space Terahertz Technology, 23-25 March 2010. Oxford. Paper G V. Belitsky, I. Lapkin, B. Billade, E. Sundin, A. Pavolotsky, D. Meledin, V. Desmaris, M. Strandberg, R. Finger, O. Nyström, M. Fredrixon, S.-E. Ferm, D. Dochev, H Rashid, D. Henke, “Prototype ALMA Band 5 Cartridge: Design and Performance.”, Proceedings of the 20th International Symposium on Space Terahertz Technology. April 20-22, 2009. Charlottesville. Paper H V. Belitsky, B. Billade, V. Desmaris, D. Dochev, S.-E. Ferm, M. Fredrixon, G. Johnsen, I. Lapkin, D. Meledin, O. Nyström, A. Pavolotsky, H Rashid, M. Strandberg, E. Sundin, R. Monje, C. Risacher, D. Henke, V. Vassilev, “Terahertz Instrumentation For Radio Astronomy.”, International Symposium on Terahertz Science and Technology between Japan and Sweden. November 18-20, 2009, Göteborg, Sweden. Paper I D. Meledin, A. Pavolotsky, V. Desmaris, I. Lapkin , C. Risacher, V.P. Robles, D. Henke, O. Nyström, E. Sundin, D. Dochev, M. Pantaleev, M. Fredrixon, M. Strandberg, B. Voronov, G. Goltsman, V. Belitsky, “1.3-THz Balanced Waveguide HEB Mixer for the APEX Telescope.”, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES, 57 (1) pp. 89-98 Paper J O. Nyström, I. Lapkin, V. Desmaris, D. Dochev, S.-E. Ferm,; M. Fredrixon, D. Henke, D. Meledin, R. Monje, M. Strandberg, E. Sundin, V. Vassilev, V. Belitsky, “Optics Design and Verification for the APEX Swedish Heterodyne Facility Instrument (SHeFI).”, Journal of Infrared, Millimeter and Terahertz Waves, 30 (7) pp. 746-761. Paper K I. Lapkin, O. Nyström, V. Desmaris, D. Meledin, D. Dochev, V. Vassilev, M. Strandberg, R. Monje, D. Henke, E. Sundin, S.-E. Ferm, M. Fredrixon, V. Belitsky, “Optics Design and Verification for the APEX Swedish Heterodyne Facility Instrument (SHeFI).”, Proceedings of The 19th International Symposium on Space Terahertz Technology, Groningen, 28-30 April, 2008, ed. W. Wild, Space Research Organization of the Netherlands (SRON) , Part I pp. 351- 357. Paper L D. Meledin, V Desmaris, S.-E. Ferm, M Fredrixon, D. Henke, I. Lapkin, O. Nyström, M. Pantaleev, A. Pavolotsky, M. Strandberg, E. Sundin, V. Belitsky, “APEX Band T2: A 1.25 – 1.39 THz Waveguide Balanced HEB Receiver.”, In Proceedings of The 19th International Symposium on Space Terahertz Technology, Groningen, 28-30 April, 2008, ed. W. Wild, Space Research Organization of the Netherlands (SRON) , part I pp. 181-185. iv List of Publications Paper M V. Vassilev, D. Meledin, I. Lapkin, V. Belitsky, O. Nyström, D. Henke, A. Pavolotsky, R. Monje, C. Risacher, M. Olberg, M. Strandberg, E. Sundin, M. Fredrixon, S.-E. Ferm, V. Desmaris, D. Dochev, M. Pantaleev, P. Bergman, H. Olofsson, “A Swedish heterodyne facility instrument for the APEX telescope.” Astronomy & Astrophysics, 490 (3) pp. 1157- 1163. Paper N V. Belitsky, I. Lapkin, V. Vassilev, R. Monje, A. Pavolotsky, D. Meledin, D. Henke, O. Nyström, V. Desmaris, C. Risacher, M. Svensson*, M. Olberg, E. Sundin, M. Fredrixon, D. Dochev, S.-E. Ferm, H. Olofsson, “Facility Heterodyne Receiver for the Atacama Pathfinder Experiment Telescope.”, Proceedings of Joint 32nd International Conference on Infrared Millimeter Waves and 15th International conference on Terahertz Electronics, Sept 3-7, 2007, City Hall, Cardiff, Wales, UK, pp. 326-328. ISBN/ISSN: 1424414303 Paper O C. Risacher, V. Belitsky, I. Lapkin, R. Monje, M. Pantaleev, V. Vassilev, E. Sundin, A. Pavolotsky, D. Meledin, K.-Å. Johansson, L.-G. Gunnarsson, M. Svensson*, M. Fredrixon, S.-E. Ferm, V.P. Robles, M. Hagström, R. Booth, “A 279-381 GHz SIS Receiver for the APEX Telescope.”, Proceedings of the 16th International Symposium on Space Terahertz Technology, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden, May 2-4, 2005, pp. 432-437. Paper P C. Risacher,V. Vassilev, R. Monje, I. Lapkin, V. Belitsky, A. Pavolotsky, M. Pantaleev, P. Bergman, S.-E. Ferm, E. Sundin, M. Svensson*, M. Fredrixon, D. Meledin, L.-G. Gunnarsson, M. Hagström, K.-Å. Johansson, M. Olberg, R. Booth, H. Olofsson, L.-Å. Nyman, “A 0.8 mm heterodyne facility receiver for the APEX telescope.”, Astronomy & Astrophysics, 454 pp. L17-L20. Paper Q M. Pantaleev, V. Belitsky, K. Ermisch, M. Fredrixon, M. Svensson*, “A Gaussian Beam Measurement Range for mm and Sub-mm Receivers.”, Proceedings of Fifteenth International Symposium on Space Terahertz Technology Massachusetts, USA, pp. www.stt.2004.org/. Paper R M. Pantaleev, K. Ermisch, M. Fredrixon, M. Svensson*, V. Belitsky, “Measurement Results of Gaussian Beam Verification for HIFI Instrument of Herschel Space Observatory.”, Proceedings of SPIE in Modeling and Systems Engineering for Astronomy, 5497 pp. 586-595. *Svensson was my previous surname v