Supplements At-A-Glance SUPPLEMENT WHAT IT IS WHAT’S IN IT StudyWARE™ DVD Software program • Quizzes with immediate feedback (DVD in the • Health-related videos back of the book) • Animations • Interactive games • Crossword puzzles Workbook Print • Review questions • Image labeling in selected chapters • Activities/labs • Extended concepts • “What Do You Think?” segments that pose ethical dilemmas for consideration Mobile Downloads Mobile downloads • Mobile downloads for more than 300 medical terms Instructor Resources CD-ROM • Electronic Instructor’s Manual files • Electronic testbank • Slide presentations created in PowerPoint® with full-color art, animations, and video clips WebTutor Advantage Web access • On Blackboard and WebCT platforms (other platforms available upon request) • Content and quizzes linked to each chapter • Comprehensive glossary • Video clips and animations • StudyWARE™ interactive games • Slide presentations created in PowerPoint® • Discussion questions • Midterm and final exams ii Bruce J. Colbert, M.S., R.R.T. and Jeff Ankney, B.S., R.R.T. Joe Wilson, B.S., M.S. John Havrilla, B.S., M.Ed., M.A. Australia • Brazil • Japan • Korea • Mexico • Singapore • Spain • United Kingdom • United States This is an electronic version of the print textbook. Due to electronic rights restrictions, some third party content may be suppressed. Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. The publisher reserves the right to remove content from this title at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. For valuable information on pricing, previous editions, changes to current editions, and alternate formats, please visit www.cengage.com/highered to search by ISBN#, author, title, or keyword for materials in your areas of interest. An Integrated Approach to Health Sciences, © 2012, 1997 Delmar Cengage Learning Second Edition ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright herein Bruce J. 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Printed in the United States of America 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 15 14 13 12 11 TABLE OF CONTENTS Dedication Preface About the Authors Acknowledgments About This Book How to Use the StudyWARE™ DVD SECTION ONE FUNDAMENTALS OF ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY Chapter 1 Medical Terminology: The Language of Medicine 3 Objectives • Key Terms • Introduction • What’s in a Word? • Medical Abbreviations • Chapter Review Chapter 2 Overview of the Human Body 14 Objectives • Key Terms • Introduction • What Are Anatomy and Physiology? • Anatomical Landmarks • Chapter Review Chapter 3 The Raw Materials: Cells, Tissues, Organs, and Systems 26 Objectives • Key Terms • Introduction • Human Cell Variability • Cellular Structures • Tissues • Organs and Systems • Chapter Review Chapter 4 The Integumentary System 44 Objectives • Key Terms • System Overview • Functions of the Integumentary System • The Skin • Hair and Nails • Chapter Review Chapter 5 The Skeletal System 58 Objectives • Key Terms • System Overview • Types and Composition of Bones • Articulations (Structures That Join Bones Together) • Bone Growth and Repair • Chapter Review Chapter 6 The Muscular System 70 Objectives • Key Terms • System Overview • Types of Muscles and Their Functions • Chapter Review v vi TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 7 The Nervous System 80 Objectives • Key Terms • System Overview • Divisions of the Nervous System • Functional Units of the Nervous System • The Central Nervous System • The Peripheral Nervous System • Chapter Review Chapter 8 The Endocrine System 98 Objectives • Key Terms • System Overview • The Glands of the Endocrine System • Hormonal Secretion and Regulation • Chapter Review Chapter 9 The Special Senses 111 Objectives • Key Terms • Introduction • The Eye • The Ear • Other Senses • Chapter Review Chapter 10 The Respiratory System 126 Objectives • Key Terms • System Overview • Major Structures of the Respiratory System • Divisions of the Respiratory System • The Mechanics of the Respiratory System • Chapter Review Chapter 11 The Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems 143 Objectives • Key Terms • System Overview • The Cardiovascular System • Putting It All Together: The Cardiopulmonary System • The Lymphatic System: Transporting Immunity • Chapter Review Chapter 12 The Gastrointestinal System 161 Objectives • Key Terms • System Overview • Major Structures of the Gastrointestinal System • The Digestive Process • The Importance of Good Nutrition • Chapter Review Chapter 13 The Urinary and Reproductive Systems 179 Objectives • Key Terms • System Overview • The Urinary System • The Reproductive Systems • Chapter Review SECTION TWO FUNDAMENTALS OF MATHEMATICS Chapter 14 Basic Mathematical Definitions and Fractions 195 Objectives • Key Terms • Introduction • Basic Definitions • Fractions • Chapter Review TABLE OF CONTENTS vii Chapter 15 Decimals, Percents, and Ratios 209 Objectives • Key Terms • Introduction • Decimals • Percents • Ratios • Chapter Review Chapter 16 Exponents, Scientific Notation, and the Metric System 220 Objectives • Key Terms • Introduction • Exponents and Base • Scientific Notation • The Metric System • Conversion of Units • Chapter Review Chapter 17 An Introduction to Algebra 231 Objectives • Key Terms • Introduction • Order of Operations • Operations on Signed Numbers • Problem Solving • From Words to Algebra • Chapter Review Chapter 18 An Introduction to Equations 251 Objectives • Key Terms • Introduction • Equations • Chapter Review Chapter 19 More Equation Forms 264 Objectives • Key Terms • Introduction • Equation Forms • Proportions • Drug Dosage Calculations • Chapter Review Chapter 20 Statistics and Graphs 275 Objectives • Key Terms • Introduction • Types of Statistics • Graphing • Chapter Review SECTION THREE CHEMISTRY IN THE HEALTH SCIENCES Chapter 21 Energy and States of Matter 293 Objectives • Key Terms • Introduction • Energy • Matter and Its Interactions • Chapter Review Chapter 22 Basic Concepts of Chemistry 309 Objectives • Key Terms • Introduction • What Makes Up Our World? • Atomic Structure • The Periodic Table • Nuclear Chemistry • Medical Imaging • Chapter Review Chapter 23 Bonding and Chemical Formulas 328 Objectives • Key Terms • Introduction • Bonding • Chemical Formulas • Translating Reactions into Equations • Chapter Review viii TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 24 The Gas Laws 347 Objectives • Key Terms • Introduction • How Gas Behaves • The Specific Gas Laws • Other Gas Topics • Rates of Reaction • Chapter Review Chapter 25 Acids and Bases 367 Objectives • Key Terms • Introduction • Acids, Bases, and Neutralization • Expressing Acid-Base Concentration • Maintaining Constant and Proper Blood pH • Chapter Review Chapter 26 Biochemistry 379 Objectives • Key Terms • Introduction • The Chemistry of Life • Carbohydrates and Lipids • Chapter Review Chapter 27 The Amazing Proteins 395 Objectives • Key Terms • Introduction • Proteins • Enzymes • Chapter Review SECTION FOUR MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY Chapter 28 Introduction to Microbiology 407 Objectives • Key Terms • Introduction • Classification of Microorganisms • Medical Microbiology • Bacteriology • Virology • Parasitology • Mycology • Chapter Review Chapter 29 Infection Control 424 Objectives • Key Terms • Introduction • Basic Definitions • Issues to Consider When Killing an Organism • Methods Used to Disinfect and Sterilize • Protecting Our Patients and Ourselves • Routes of Transmission • Cover Your Mouth! • Personal Protective Devices and When to Use Them • Chapter Review Glossary 442 Index 466