Sponsoring Committeet P ro fesso r Raymond A. Weiss, Professor E lla P. H a rris and Professor John G« Rockw ell AN EVALUATION AND PHYSIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OP THE MILE SHUTTLE RUN ROSCOE C. BROWN, JR. Submitted in p a rtia l fu lfillm e n t of th e requirements for the degree of D octor of Philosophy in the School of E ducation of New York U n iv ersity aooepteft A p rils, 1951 The student hereby guarnatees th a t no part of the d isse rta tio n or document which he has submitted fo r publication has been h ereto ­ fore published and (or) copyrighted in the United S ta te s of America, exeept in the case of passages quoted from other published sources; th a t he is the sole author and p ro p rie to r of said d is s e rta tio n or document; th at the d isse rta tio n or document contains no m atter which, if published, w ill be libelous or therw ise in ju rio u s, or infringe in any way the copyright of any other party, and th a t he w ill defend, indemnify, and hold harmless New York U niversity ag ain st a ll s u its and proceedings which may be brought and against a ll claim s which may be made against New York U niversity by reason of the p u b licatio n of said d is s e rta tio n or document. (Signed) TToscoe ^ . Brown, Jr SPONSORING COMMITTEE Raymond A. Weiss, Chairman, E lla F. H arris,______________ John G« Rockwell,___________ To My Loving Fam ily ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The in v e stig a to r w ishes to express his sincere thanks and appreciation fo r th e ir assistance of the follow ing persons in the com pletion of th is study* Dr* Isadore Schlam ow itz, D irector of United S ta te s Air Force Project R esearch a t th e School of Education, New York University Dr. Raymond A* Vfeiss, Dr. E lla F. H arris, and Dr. John G. Rockwell, the members of the Sponsoring Committee Mr. Edward P e iz e r Dr. John E. S aw hill and Miss Grace Voehl and o th e r members of the sta ff of th e New York U niversity Health S erv ice The Physical E ducation Majors and Students of th e School of Education, New York U niversity, who served as sub­ jects Messrs. Pat In fa n tin o and Norman T aslltz i i i TABLE OF CONTENTS C hapter Page I I n tr o d u c tio n ............................. 1 The P ro b le m ................................................................................ 1 D e fin itio n of Terms .......................................................... 1 D e lim ita tio n s •. • . ......................................................................... 2 The Need fo r the Study ............................................................ 4 I I Review of R elated L ite ra tu re ..................................... 10 I I I P rocedures Used In C o llectio n and A nalysis of Data . . . . . . . ....................................................... 20 Statem ent of R e lia b ility ...................................... 32 A nalysis of the D ata' ........................................................ 34 IV R esu lts ............................................................................. 4l P h y sio lo g ica l R elatio n sh ip s ......................................... 46 Oxygen Debt ....................................................... 46 The R elatio n sh ip of Oxygen Debt to Mile S h u ttle Run Perform ance .................................... 46 The R elatio n sh ip of M ile S h u ttle Run Oxygen Debt to T readm ill Oxygen Debt '48 V e n tila tio n Volume .......................................... 50 The R elatio n sh ip of M ile S h u ttle Run V e n tila tio n Volume to M ile S h u ttle Run P e rfo rm a n c e .................. 50 The R elatio n sh ip of Mile S h u ttle Run V e n tila tio n Volume and T readm ill V e n tila tio n Volume ................................................ 52 P ulse R ate R eturn R a t i o .................................... 53 The R elatio n sh ip of M ile S h u ttle Run Pulse Rate R eturn R atio to Mile S h u ttle Run Perform ance ............................... 53 The R elatio n sh ip of M ile S h u ttle Run Pulse Rate R eturn R atio and Treadm ill Pulse Rate R eturn R a t i o ............................... 55 R esp irato ry Rate R eturn R atio .............................. 56 The R elatio n sh ip of M ile S h u ttle Run R esp irato ry Rate R eturn R atio to Mile S h u ttle Run P e rfo rm a n ce .................... 56 The R elatio n sh ip of M ile S h u ttle Run R esp irato ry Rate Return R atio to T readm ill R esp irato ry Rate Return R atio ............................................................................. 56 The R elatio n sh ip s between M ile S h u ttle Run and T readm ill Perform ance ............... 59 R e lia b ility ................................................................................... 63 V Summary and C onclusions ........................................ 66 Summary of R e s u l ts ................*........................ 67 C onclusions ...................................................... • 69 iv Chapter Page VI D iscu ssio n ....................................................................................... 71 B ib lio g rap h y ................................................. « . . . 75 A ppendix ............ 77 M edical Exam ination F orm ............................................... 78 L is t of I n s t r u c t i o n s ......................................................... 79 Form ulae Used in Computation of Oxygen D ebt 8 l v LIST OF TABLES T able Page I Table of B asic Data concerning Subjects Tested In th is In v e s tig a tio n ..............................*........................... 42 I I T o tal Perform ance Time and D rop-off Index In th e M ile S h u ttle Run ......................................................... 43 I I I T o ta l Work Index and T o tal Time Run in the A ll-o u t T read m ill Run ...................................................... 44 IV D ata fo r P h y s io lo g ic a l V ariables Studied during Recovery from th e A ll-o u t T readm ill Run and the M ile S h u ttle Run ..................................................... 45 V The R e la tio n sh ip of M ile S h u ttle Run Oxygen Debt to M ile S h u ttle Run Perform ance and to T readm ill Run Oxygen D e b t........................................ 47 VT The R e la tio n sh ip of M ile S h u ttle Run Ventilation Volume to M ile S h u ttle Run Perform ance and to T readm ill Run V e n tila tio n Volume .................................... 51 VTI The R e la tio n sh ip of M ile S h u ttle Run Pulse Rate R eturn R atio to M ile S h u ttle Run Performance to T read m ill Run P ulse Rate R eturn R a tio 54 V III The R e la tio n sh ip of M ile S h u ttle Run Respira­ to ry Rate R eturn R atio to M ile S h u ttle Run Perform ance and to T readm ill Run Respiratory R ate R eturn R a tio ................................................................... 57 IX The R e la tio n sh ip of M ile S h u ttle Run Perform­ ance to T read m ill Perform ance ............................................ 60 X R e lia b ility of th e M ile S h u ttle Run Performance Time ................................................................................................. 64 vi LIST OF DIAGRAMS Diagram Number Page 1 E le c tric Timing Box and R espiratory C ounter • • 2H- 2 P la s tic Valve Assembly for Two-way V alves • .. * 25 3 Automatic Photoelectric Timing D e v ic e .................... 27 vii CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION lias. Prf&Ofia The purpose of th is in v estig atio n is to conduct an a n a ly sis of perform ance in the m ile sh u ttle in order to deter­ mine th e p h y sio lo g ic a l changes asso ciated therewith and in o rd er to ev alu ate th is event as an index of the endurance of young men on th e b a sis of a ll-o u t treadm ill running performance and th e p h y sio lo g ic a l changes re su ltin g therefrom. S tatem ent of the Sub-Problems 1* How and to what ex ten t is performance in the mile s h u ttle run d escrib ed by selected physiological criteria? 2* How do c e rta in p h ysiological stresses resulting from perform ance in th e m ile sh u ttle run compare with the p h y sio lo g ic a l s tre s s e s re su ltin g from all-out treadmill running p e rf ormanc e ? 3« To what ex ten t can performance in the mile shuttle run be used as an index of a ll-o u t endurance performance and th e p h y sio lo g ic a l changes re su ltin g from all-out endurance per­ form ance? PefjnttlPft of Terms Endurance - The a b ility of the body to sustain physical effort. Perform ance in th e M ile Shu ttle Run - Time required by a subject