An English - Cornish Glossary in the Standard Written Form (using Traditional Graphs) by Albert Bock, Benjamin Bruch, Neil Kennedy, Daniel Prohaska, and Laurence Rule Version: 14/08/2010 This glossary may be subject to further additions and corrections by the CLP's Dictionary Editorial Board and Corpus Working Group. The editors would like to thank Philip Chadwick, Michael Everson, Pol Hodge, Julyan Holmes, Rod Lyon, and Polin Prys for their invaluable contribution. 1 List of abbreviations abbr, abbreviation adj, adjective adv, adverb adv phr, adverbial phrase art, article card, cardinal coll, collective (singulatives are not specifically marked) cmp, comparative adjective conj, conjunction dl, dual f, feminine int, interjection m, masculine m & f, gender uncertain or both used n, noun n phr, noun phrase name, personal name neut, the neuter noun tra (treated as a special case of fem. in grammars) num, number ord, ordinal phr, phrase pl, plural prf, prefix prn, pronoun (including possessive adjectives) prp, preposition prp prn, prepositional pronoun RLC, Revived Late Cornish RMC, Revived Middle Cornish sup, superlative adjective top, toponym vb, verb vb phr, verbal phrase Scope of this glossary This document is not meant to be a replacement for a full English-Cornish dictionary. Even though it has been considerably enlarged so as to accommodate the needs of teachers and advanced learners, it was originally only aimed at beginners. It is therefore limited in scope. A full SWF dictionary – which is to include references to spellings in other orthographies - is currently being produced by MAGA. Until this project is finished, you will want to make use of existing dictionaries (see under ‘sources’ below). Alternatively, or if you are unsure about the SWF spelling of a word, please contact MAGA at http://www.magakernow.org.uk. Searching the glossary electronically In Acrobat Reader and most other PDF readers, words and phrases can be searched by pressing Ctrl+F. If you are looking for the English translation of a specific Cornish word, this feature enables you to use the glossary in reverse. Bear in mind, however, that irregular stress is marked by a dot, so that e.g. the Cornish word for ‘too’ is spelt ynwe‧dh, which is the form you will want to search for. Alternatively, the text search also works for parts of words, so that pressing Ctrl+F and entering ynwe will do the job without forcing you to enter a dot. 2 Notes on pronunciation and orthographic variants The first public version of the glossary contained detailed explanations on pronunciation and orthographic variants. It was felt, however, that this front matter might be off-putting to beginners. It has therefore been replaced with the current, more practically orientated notes. The original front matter is still available as a separate download from the MAGA website for all those who are interested in more detailed explanations of linguistic and orthographic technicalities. In the near future, these will be complemented by a list of sample words and MP3 files demonstrating their pronunciation. All supplementary files are available at http://www.magakernow.org.uk/index.aspx?articleid=48865. Sources Gendall, Richard. A Practical Cornish Dictionary. 2007. George, Ken. Gerlyver Kernewek Kemmyn. An Gerlyver Meur. Cornish Language Board, 2009. ————. Gerlyvrik. Cornish Language Board/Yoran Embanner, 2005. Kennedy, Neil P. Gerlever Sowsnak-Kernûak. Cussel an Tavaz Kernûak, 2006. Nance, R. Morton. Gerlyver Noweth Kernewek-Sawsnek ha Sawsnek-Kernewek. Dyllansow Truran, reprinted 1990. Sandercock, Graham. Cornish This Way: Holywegh an Lergh. Cornish Language Board, 3rd ed. 2004. Williams, Nicholas. Clappya Kernowek: Introduction to Unified Cornish Revised. Agan Tavas 1997. ---------- Gerlyver Kernowek-Sawsnek, 2nd ed. Agan Tavas/Evertype, 2006. 3 A, a afflicted, adj, (tortured) tormentys; (plagued) plegys. again, adv, arta; please repeat it, phr, arta mar pleg. against, prp, (spatial) orth; the chair is against the ability, n, gallos (m). wall, phr, yma’n gador orth an fos; (opposition) able, adj, abel; to be able, vb phr, gallos. erby‧nn; erby‧dn (RLC); warby‧nn; warby‧dn (RLC); abbreviate, vb, berrhe‧. against the law, phr, erby‧nn an laha; warby‧dn an abbreviation, n, berrheans (m), berrheansow (pl). laha (RLC). abode, n, trigva (f), trigvaow (pl). about, I adv, a-dro; II prp, a-dro dhe2. age, n, oos (m), osow (pl); ooj (m, RLC), ojow (pl, RLC). ago, ptl, nans yw; nanj ew (RLC); five years ago, phr, above, prp, a-ugh. nans yw pymp bledhen. abuse, vb, abusya. agree, vb, acordya; unverhe‧; agree with, vb phr, bos abroad, I adj, (overseas) tramor; II adv, (apart) a-les. unver gans. abundant, adj, pals. agreed, adj, acordys; (unanimous) unver. acceptable, adj, kemeradow. agriculture, n, ammeth (f); abmeth (f, RLC). access, n, hedhas (m), hedhasow (pl). air, n, ayr (m). according to, prp, herwydh; war-lergh; according to air hostess, n, ostes ayr (f), ostesow ayr (pl). the forecast, phr, herwydh an dhargan. airport, n, ayrborth (m), ayrborthow (pl). account, n, acont (m), acontow (pl). air steward, n, ost ayr (m), ostys ayr (pl). accountant, n, acontydh (m), acontydhyon (pl). alarm clock, n, difunel (m), difunellow (pl). acrobat, n, lappyer (m), lappyoryon (pl). alas, int, tru, sowe‧th. across, adv & prp, a-dreus. alike, adv, kehaval. activity, n, aktivita (m), aktivitys (pl); gwrians (m), alive, adj, byw; bew (RLC). gwriansow (pl). all, I adj, oll; II prn, peub. actor, n, gwarier (m), gwarioryon (pl). alleyway, n, scochfordh (f), scochfordhow (pl). actress, n, gwariores (f), gwarioresow (pl). allow, vb, gasa; gara (RLC). add, vb, keworra. almighty, adj, ollgalosek. adder, n, nader (f), nadres (pl). almost, adv, (before an adjective) ogas; (before a noun) address, n, trigva (f), trigvaow (pl). ogas ha; (before a verb) namna(g); (used adjective, n, hanow gwann (m), henwyn gwann (pl); independently) ogasty; ogatty; he almost won, phr, hanow gwadn (m, RLC), henwyn gwadn (pl, RLC). ev re waynyas ogatty. administer, vb, menystra. along, adv, a-hys; a-hes (RLC). administration, n, menystrans (m). aloft, I prp, a-ugh; II adv, a-vann; a-vadn (RLC). administrator, n, menystrer (m), menystroryon (pl); alphabet, n, lytherennek (f), lytherednek (f, RLC), menystrores (f), menystroresow (pl). lytherenegy (pl). admit, vb, (confess) avowa; meneges; (let in) amyttya; already, adv, seulabry‧s; seulabre‧s (RLC). degemeres a-berth. all right, phr, da lowr; all yn composter. advantage, n, les (m). also, adv, ynwe‧dh; y’we‧dh (RLC); keffry‧s; keffre‧s advantageous, adj, dhe les. (RLC); maga ta. advertisement, n, argemmyn (m), argemynnow (pl); although, conj, kyn5, kynth ( before vowels and H). argebmyn (m, RLC), argemydnow (pl, RLC). always, adv, pub prys; pub pres (RLC). advice, n, cussul (f), cussulyow (pl). ambassador, n, cannas (f), canasow (pl); cadnas (f, advise, vb, cussulya. RLC), canajow (pl, RLC). aerial, n, ayrlorgh (f), ayrlorhow (pl). ambulance, n, carr clavjy (m), kerry clavjy (pl); aeroplane, n, jynn ebron (m), jynnow ebron (pl), a‧mbulans (m, RLC); a‧mbulansys (pl, RLC) jynnys ebron (pl); ayrplayn (m, RLC), ayrplayns (pl, America, n, Ame‧rica (m); (United States of America) RLC). An Statys Unys (pl). afar, adv, a-bell. American, adj, americanek; American football, n, pel afraid, adj, ownek. droos americanek (f). aft, adv, a-dhelergh. amiable, adj, hegar; amiable towards someone, phr, after, prp, (time only) wosa; woja (RLC); (time and hegar orth nebonan. space) war-lergh. among, prp, yn mysk; ’mesk (RLC). afternoon, n, dohajy‧dh (m); dohaje‧dh (m, RLC); amuse, vb, didhana. andro‧w (m); afternoon-time, n, androweyth (m); amusing, adj, didhan; didhanus. good afternoon!, phr, dohajy‧dh da!; dohaje‧dh da! anchor, n, ancor, (m), ancoryow (pl). (RLC). anchorage, n, poll (m), pollow (pl); fleet anchorage, n, afterwards, adv, a-wosa, a’y wosa; a’y woja (RLC); dres lulyn (f). keyn. anchovy, n, ganow camm (m), ganowow camm (pl); affirm, vb, afia. 4 ganow cabm (m, RLC), ganowow cabm (pl, RLC). (dl); (weapon) arv (f), arvow (pl); to take up arms, and, conj, ha (before consonants), hag (before vowels). vb, arva. angel, n, el (m), eledh (pl). armchair, n, cador vregh (f), cadoryow bregh (pl). angry, adj, serrys; get angry, vb, serry; kemeres sorr; arrogant, adj, balgh; prout; orgelous; gothus. get angry with someone, vb phr, serry orth around, I adv, (in the immediate vicinity) yn kerhyn; nebonan. (traverse) a-dro; all around, adv, a-derdro‧; II prp, a- ancle, n, ufern (m), ufernyow (pl), dewufern (dl). dro dhe2. animal, n, enyval (m), enyvales (pl); best (m), bestys arrow, n, seth (f), sethow (pl). (pl); mil (m), miles (pl). art, n, art (m), artys (pl). announce, vb, declarya. article, n, (text) scrif (m), scrifow (pl); scrifen (f), Annunciation, n, Dy’gol Maria mis Meurth; De’gol scrifennow (pl), scrifednow (pl, RLC); erthygel (m), Maria mis Meurth (RLC). erthyglow (pl); (grammatical) ger mell (m), geryow anoint, vb, olewy. mell (pl). anorak, n, a‧norak (m), anoracow (pl). artist, n, artydh (m), artydhyon (pl); (painter) lymner another, adj, ken (precedes noun); another one, phr, (m), lymnoryon (pl). onan aral; ken onan. as, adv, ave‧l; ’vel; conj, del2; I did it as a joke, phr, my answer, I n, gorthyp (m), gorthebow (pl); II vb, a’n gwrug ave‧l ges; as it seems, phr, del hevel; as I gortheby; answer back, vb phr, gortheby oll dres believe, phr, del grysav; as I said to him, phr, del keyn; answering machine, n, jynn gortheby (m), leveris dhodho. jynnow gortheby (pl), jynnys gortheby (pl). as...as, mar2…ave‧l (with nouns): mar2...del2 (with ant, n, moryonen (f), moryon (coll). verbs); as many as, I prn, myns (also as much as, all any, adj, vyth (in negative expressions), veth (RLC); who, whoever); mens (RLC); II adv, kemmys; kebmys I did not see any light, phr, ny welis golow vyth. (RLC); kekemmys; kekebmys (RLC); as soon as, adv, any more, adj, namo‧y. kettel2; as quickly as, adv, kettoo‧th ha; as white as anyone, prn, nebonan. snow, phr, mar wynn avel an ergh; as simple as it anything, prn, (in negative phrases) tra vyth; tra veth seemed, phr, mar sempel del hevelis. (RLC); (in positive phrases) neppy‧th; neppe‧th as usual, adv phr, herwydh usadow; del yw usys. (RLC). ascend, vb, yskynna; ’skydna (RLC). anxiety, n, awhe‧r (m); preder (m), prederow (pl). ask, vb, govyn; to ask a question of someone, vb phr, apart, adv, a-les. govyn orth nebonan; govena (RLC); ask someone to apartment, n, rannjy (m), rannjiow (pl). do something, vb phr, pysy nebonan a wul neppy‧th; ape, n, apa (m), apys (pl). pejy nebonan a wul neppe‧th (RLC). apparent, adj, (obvious) ape‧rt; heveladow. assist, vb, scoodhya. apparently, adv, del hevel. association, n, cowethas (m or f), cowethasow (pl). appear, vb, omdhisqwedhes. assure, vb, afydhya; surhe‧. appearance, n, semlant (m), semlans (pl). astray, I adv, yn sowdhan; II vb, (go astray) mos yn appendix, n, ystynnans (m), ystynansow (pl). sowdhan; sowdhanas. apple, n, aval (m), avalow (pl); wild apple, n, aval astronaut, n, stervarner (m), stervarnoryon (pl); goodh (m), avalow goodh (pl). stervarnores (f), stervarnoresow (pl). approach, vb, nesa. at, prp, (spatial) orth; (with placenames) yn; dhe2; appropriate, adj, gwiw; gwew (RLC). (temporal), prp, dhe2; at two in the afternoon, phr, apricot, n, brykedhen (f), brykedh (coll). dhe dhiw eur androweyth. April, n, Ebrel (m); mis Ebrel (m). at all, adv, vytho‧ll; banna; badna (RLC); mann (usually apron, n, apron (m), apronnyow (pl), aprodnyow (pl, in negative statements); madn (RLC); it does not RLC). concern me at all, phr, ny’m deur mann. archangel, n, arghel (m), argheledh (pl). at home, adv, tre; yn tre. archer, n, gwareger (m), gwaregoryon (pl); sether (m), at last, adv, wor’tiwedh, wos’tiwedh. sethoryon (pl). at that time, adv, y’n tor’ na. archery, n, gwaregieth (f). at this time, adv, y’n tor’ ma. archipelago, n, enesek (f), enesegy (pl). attach, vb, staga. ardent, adj, gwresek. attachment (to a document or e-mail), n, stagel (f), argue, vb, dadhla; argya; kewsel a-dreus; don't argue!, stagellow (pl). phr, na gows a-dreus! attack, vb, omsettya. argument, n, a‧rgument (m), argumentys (pl); dadhel attempt, I n, assay (m), assays (pl); II vb, assaya; ’saya (f), dadhlow (pl). (RLC). arid, adj, sygh; segh (RLC). attic, n, soler (m), soleryow (pl). arm, n, (body part) bregh (f), brehow (pl); diwvregh attitude, n, omdhalgh (m), omdhalhow (pl). 5 audio-visual, adj, clewwelyek. barrel, n, balyer (m), balyeryow (pl). August (month), n, Est (m), mis Est (m). baseball, n, pel vas (f). aunt, n, modrep (f), modrebedh (pl). bashful, adj, methus. author, n, awtour (m), awtours (pl). basin, n, bason (m), basonys (pl). autumn, n, kynnyav (m), kynyavow (pl); kydnyadh (m, basket, n, canstel (f), canstellow (pl); basket (m), RLC); kynyadhow (pl, RLC). baskettys (pl). avoid, vb, avoydya; goheles. basketball, n, pelganstel (f). await, vb, gwaytyas. bat, n, (animal) askel grohen (f), eskelly crohen (pl), awake, adj, difun; wide awake, phr, pur dhifun. ’skelly crohen (pl, RLC); (sporting) bat (m), battow awaken, vb, difuna. (pl). away, adv, yn kerdh; dhe-ves; ker’ (RLC); go away! (sg), bath, n, kibel (f), kibellow (pl); badh (m). phr, ke dhe-ves! bathe, vb, golhy; badha. axe, n, bool (f), bolyow (pl). bathroom, n, stevel omwolhy (f), stevellow omwolhy (pl). B, b battery, n, batry (m), batriow (pl). battle, n, cas (f), casow (pl). be, vb, bos. baby, n, baby (m), babiow (pl); flogh byhan (m), flehes bead, n, pader (m), paderow (pl). vyhan (pl); (baby doll) baban (m), babanes (pl). beach, n, treth (m), trethow (pl). back, I adv, arta; tre; II n, keyn (m), keynow (pl); III vb, beak, n, gelvin (m), gelvines (pl). scoodhya; back off!, phr, war dha gamm!; war dha bean, n, faven (f), fav (coll). gabm! (RLC) bear, I n, (animal) ors (m), orses (pl); II vb, (endure) backpack, n, sagh keyn (m), seghyer keyn (pl). perthy. bacqwards, adv, war-dhelergh. beard, n, barv (m), barvow (pl). bacon, n, backen (m). beast, n, best (m), bestes (pl). bad, adj, drog; a bad deal, n phr, hagervargen (m). beat, vb, (strike) dorna; frappya; gweskel; cronkya; badge, n, arwodhik (m), arwodhigow (pl). (with a club) fusta; (defeat) fetha. badger, n, brogh (m), brohes (pl). beautiful, adj, teg. badminton, n, badminton (m). beautify, vb, tekhe‧; afina. bag, n, sagh (m), seghyer (pl), syher (pl, RLC). beaver, n, lostledan (m), lostledanes (pl). bait, n, treustrum (m). because, conj, awo‧s; ’wos; drefen; rag. baker, n, peber (m), peboryon (pl); baker’s shop, n, bed, n, gwely (m), gweliow (pl). popty (m), poptiow (pl); to bake, vb, pobas. bedroom, n, chambour (m), chambouryow (pl). bald, adj, mool. bedsheet, n, lien gwely (m), lienyow gwely (pl). bale, n, pusorn (m), pusornow (pl); to bale (e.g. hay), bee, n, gwenenen (f), gwenen (coll). vb, pusornas. beef, n, kig bewin (m); kig bowin (m, RLC). ball, n, pel (f), pelyow (pl). beggar, n, beggyer (m), beggyers (pl). ballpoint pen, n, pluven belvleyn (f), pluvennow beehive, n, cowel gwenen (m), cowellow gwenen (pl). pelvleyn (pl), pluvednow pelvleyn (pl, RLC). beer, n, corev (m), cor’ (m, RLC), corevow (pl). balloon, n, pel ayr (f), pelyow ayr (pl). beetle, n, whil (m), whiles (pl). banana, n, banana (m), bananas (pl). before, prp, a-dherag, dherag; (in time) kyns; kens band, n, band (m), bandow (pl); group, n, bagas (m), (RLC); before now, phr, kyns es lemmyn, kens es bagasow (pl), bagajow (pl, RLC). lebmyn (RLC); before that, phr, kyns ena; kens ena bandage, n, lysten (f), lystennow (pl), lystednow (pl, (RLC). RLC). beforehand, prp, a-dherag. bang, n, (explosion) tardh (m), tardhow (pl); (knock) begin, vb, dalleth. bonk (m), bonkys (pl). beginning, n, dalleth (m), dalethow (pl). bank, n, (money) arhanty (m), arhantiow (pl); (river behave, vb, fara; to behave oneself, vb, omdho‧n. bank) n, glann (f), glannow (pl); gladn (f, RLC), behind, adv & prp, a-dryv; a-drev (RLC); a-dhelergh. gladnow (pl, RLC); (topography) n, banken (f), beholden, adj, synsys. bankennow (pl), bankednow (pl, RLC). believe, vb, crysy; crejy (RLC). bard, n, bardh (m), berdh (pl); bardhes (f), bardhesow bell, n, clogh (m), clegh (pl). (pl). bellow, vb, bedhygla. bargain, I n, bargen (m), bargennyow (pl), bargednyow belong, vb, longya. (pl, RLC); bargenys (pl); II vb, bargynnya; bargydnya below, adv, a-woles. (RLC). belt, n, grugys (m), grugysyow (pl). barge, n, scath hir (f), scathow hir (pl). bench, n, form (m), formow (pl). barn, n, skiber (f), skiberyow (pl). 6 bend, vb, plegya. (m). bent, adj, camm; cabm (RLC). bog, n, keunegen, (f), keunegennow (pl), keunegednow beside, prp, ryb; reb (RLC). (pl, RLC), keunegi (coll). best, sup, (an) gwella. boil, vb, bryjyon; boiled, adj, bryjys; boiled egg, n, oy bet, I n, kenwostel (m), kenwostlow (pl); II vb, bryjys (m), oyow bryjys (pl). kenwostla. bolt, n, (fastening) ebil (m), ebilyow (pl); iron bolt, n, betray, vb, trayta. ebil horn (m), ebilyow horn (pl). better, cmp, gwella. bone, n, ascorn (m), eskern (pl). between, prp, yntra (before consonants), ynter (before bonfire, n, tanses (m), tanjes (m, RLC), tansesyow (pl); vowels); tredh (RLC). tanjesow (pl, RLC). beyond, prp, dres. bonnet, n, cogh (m), cohow (pl). Bible, n, Bibel (m). book, n, lyver (m), lyvrow; lever (m, RLC), levrow (pl, bicycle, n, diwros (f), diwrosow (pl). RLC); bookcase, n, argh lyvrow (f), arhow lyvrow big, adj, bras; broas (RLC); big dipper (fairground), n, (pl); argh levrow (pl, RLC), arhow levrow (pl, RLC). sedher meur (m), sedhoryon meur (pl); big wheel booklet, n, lyvrik (m), lyvrigow (pl); levren (f, RLC), (fairground), n, ros veur (f), rosow meur (pl). levrennow (pl, RLC). bigot, n, den ragvreusek (m), tus ragvreusek (pl). bookshop, n, lyverjy (m), lyverjiow (pl); shoppa levrow bill, n, reken (m), reknow (pl). (m, RLC), shoppys levrow (pl, RLC). bird, n, edhen (f), ydhyn (pl); edhnow (pl, RLC). boot, n, (car) trog (m), trogow (pl); (footwear) botasen birthday, n, penn bloodh (m), pennow bloodh (pl); (f), botas (coll). pedn bloodh (m, RLC), pednow bloodh (pl, RLC); border, n, amal (m), emlow (pl). birthday cake, n, tesen benn bloodh (f), tesennow bore (a hole), vb phr, telly. penn bloodh (pl); tesen bedn bloodh (f), tesednow bored, adj, sqwithys. pedn bloodh (pl, RLC); birthday card, n, carten benn boring (wearying), adj, sqwithus. bloodh (f), cartennow penn bloodh (pl); carten bedn born, adj, genys. bloodh (f, RLC), cartednow pedn bloodh (pl, RLC). bother, vb, ancombra, trobla. biscuit, n, tesen gales (f), tesennow cales (pl), bottle, n, botel (m), botellow (pl). tesednow cales (pl, RLC). bottom, n, (not top) goles (m), golesow (pl); (body) bison, n, bual (m), bualyon (pl). pedren (f), pedrennow (pl), pedrednow (pl, RLC), bit, n, (morsel) tamm (m), temmyn (pl); tabm (m, RLC), diwbedren (dl). tebmyn (pl, RLC); darn (m), darnow (pl); (computer) bow, I n, (arc) gwarek (m), gwaregow (pl); (gesture) byt (m), byttys (pl); bit by bit, phr, tamm ha tamm; omblegyans (m), omblegyansow (pl); (ship) penn a- tabm ha tabm (RLC). rag (m), pennow a-rag (pl); pedn a-rag (m, RLC), bitch, n, gast (f), gesty (pl); son-of-a-bitch, n, horsen pednow a-rag (pl, RLC); II vb, omblegya. (m), horsens (pl). bowl, n, bolla (m), bollow (pl), bollys (pl); scudel (f), bite, I n, brath (m), brathow (pl); II vb, bratha. scudellow (pl). black, adj, du. box, n, kist (f), kistyow (pl); box (m), boxys (pl); small blackberry, n, moren dhu (f), mor du (coll). box, n, kisten (f), kistennow (pl), kistednow (pl, blackthorn, n, spernen dhu (f), spern du (coll). RLC). blame, vb, blamya; cabla. Boxing Day, n, Dy’gol Stefan (m); De’gol Stefan (m, blessed, adj, benygys; gwynn; gwydn (RLC); gwynnvys. RLC). blind, I adj, dall; blind man’s buff, phr, margh dall; II vb, boy, n, maw (m), mebyon (pl). dalla; III (blackout blind), n, lenn dhu (f), lennow du bracelet, n, brehellik (m), breheligow (pl). (pl); ledn dhu (f, RLC), lednow du (pl, RLC). bracket, n, corbel (m), corblys (pl). bliss, n, lowena (f). bramble, n, dreysen (f), dreys (coll). blood, n, goos (m); hardened blood, n, mol (m), branch, n, scorren (f), scorr (coll); scorr (m), scorrow molyow (pl). (pl). blood-red, adj, cogh. brass, n, brest (m). blouse, n, hevis (m), hevisyow (pl). bread, n, bara (m). blow, I (hit), n, bomm (m), bommyn (pl); crushing break, I vb, terry. blow, n, scat (m); II (air) vb, whytha. breakdown, n, mooth (m), mothow (pl); torrva (f), blue, adj, glas; blou. torrvaow (pl); breakdown lorry, n, kert torrva (m), blunt, adj, sogh. kertow torrva (pl). board, n (wooden b.), n, bord (m), bordow (pl); breakfast, n, hansel (m), hanselyow (pl). (committee), n, kesva (f), kesvaow (pl). breakneck, adj phr, crackya conna; crackya codna boat, n, scath (f), scathow (pl). (RLC). body, n, corf (m), corfow (pl); front of body, n, greuv breast (of body), n, bronn (f), bronnow (pl), diwvron 7 (dl); brodn (f, RLC), brodnow (pl, RLC), devron (dl, burden, I n, begh (m), behow (pl); carg (m), cargow RLC). (pl); sawgh (m), sawghow (pl); II vb, beghya. breath, n, anal (f). bureau, n, burow (m), burowyow (pl). breeze, n, awel glor (f). burly, n, keherek. Breton, I adj, bretonek; II n, (person) Breton (m), burn, vb, lesky. Bretonyon (pl); Bretones (f), Bretonesow (pl); burrow, n, toll (m), tell (pl); rabbit burrow, n, toll (language) Bretonek (m). conin (m), tell conin (pl). brew, vb, braga. bus, n, kyttri‧n (m), kyttrinyow (pl); bus driver, n, brewed, adj, bregys. lewyer kyttri‧n (m), lewyoryon gyttri‧n (pl); bus briar, n, spedhasen (f), spedhas (coll). station, n, gorsav kyttri‧n (m), gorsavow kyttri‧n brick, n, bryck (m), bryckow (pl), bryckys (pl). (pl); bus stop, n, kyttrinva (f), kyttrinvaow (pl); bride, n, benyn bries (f), benenes pries (pl). savla kyttri‧n (m), savleow kyttri‧n (pl). bridegroom, n, gour pries (m), gwer bries (pl). bush, n, prysken (f), prysk (coll). bridesmaid, n, moren bries (f), morenyon pries (pl). business, n, negys (m), negysyow (pl). bridge, n, pons (m), ponsyow (pl). busy, adj, bysy. bright, adj, splann; spladn (RLC). but, conj, mes; saw; lemen. brine, n, brin (m), brinyow (pl). butcher, n, kiger (m), kigoryon (pl); butcher’s shop, n, bring, vb, dri; drei (RLC). kigty (m), kigtiow (pl). Britain, n, Breten (f). butter, n, amanyn (m); ’manyn (m, RLC). Brittany, n, Breten Vyhan (f); Breten Vian (f, RLC). butterfly, n, tykky Duw (m), tykkiow Duw (pl), tykky broad, adj, efan; ledan. Duwes (pl). broccoli, n, broclo (m), broclos (pl); cowlvleujen (f), buttock, n, pedren (f), pedrennow (pl), pedrednow (pl, cowlvleujennow (pl), cowlvleujednow (pl, RLC). RLC), diwbedren (dl). broken, adj, terrys button, n, boton (m), botonyow (pl), botons (pl, RLC); bronze, n, brons (m). button hole, n, toll boton (m), tell boton (pl). broom, n, scubel (f), scubellow (pl); (small brush or buy, vb, prena. mop), n, scubyllen (f), scubylennow (pl), buzz, vb, sia; buzz off!, phr, ke war dha gamm!; ke war scubylednow (pl, RLC); (plant) banadhlen (f), dha gabm! (RLC) banadhel (coll). by, prp, (done by) gans; gen (RLC); (until), prp, bys; brook, n, gover (m), goverow (pl). erby‧nn; erby‧dn (RLC); by Christmas, phr, erby‧nn brother, n, broder (m), breder (pl). Nadelik brotherhood, n, brederedh (m). byte, n, bayt (m), baytys (pl). brow (forehead), n, tal (m), talyow (pl); toal (m, RLC), toalyow (pl, RLC). C, c brown, adj, (light brown) gell; (dark brown) gorm. browse (the internet), vb, peury; pory (RLC). cabbage, n, cowlen (f), cowl (coll); cavach (m), cavajys browser (internet), n, peurel (f), peurellow (pl); porel (pl). (f, RLC), porellow (pl, RLC). café, n, coffijy (m), coffijiow (pl). brush, n, scubel (f), scubellow (pl); (of an artist) pyncel cage, n, cowel (m), cowellow (pl). (m), pyncels (pl). cairn, n, carnedh (m), carnedhow (pl). bucket, n, kelorn (m), kelern (pl). cake, n, tesen (f), tesennow (pl), tesednow (pl, RLC). buckle, I n, bockyl (m), bocklow (pl), bocklys (pl); II vb, calendar, n, lyver dedhyow (m), lyvrow dedhyow (pl); bockla. lever dedhyow (m, RLC), levrow dedhyow (pl, RLC). budgerigar, n, budjy (m), budjies (pl). calf, n, (young animal), n, leugh (m), leuhy (pl) {RLC buffer (train), n, bommel (f), bomellow (pl). pronunciation: [lɛwh]}; (of leg) berr (f), berrow (pl); build, vb, drehevel; derevel (RLC). garren (f), garennow (pl), garednow (pl, RLC). building, n, drehevyans (m), drehevyansow (pl). call, vb, gelwel. bulb (light), n, bollen (f), bolennow (pl), bolednow (pl, calm, adj, cosel. RLC). camel, n, cowrvargh (m), cowrvergh (pl). bull, n, tarow (m), terewy (pl). camera, n, ca‧mera (m), ca‧meras (pl); jynn skeusen bullock, n, lodhen (m), lodhnow (pl); lodn (m, RLC), (m), jynnow skeusen (pl). lodnow (pl, RLC). camp, I n, camp (m), campow (pl); II vb, campya. bun, n, torthel (f), torthellow (pl). can, I n, (container) canna (m), cannow (pl), cannys bunch, n, bagas (m), bagasow (pl), bagajow (pl, RLC). (pl); II (be able to) vb, gallos. bundle, n, pusorn (m), pusornow (pl); gronn (m); canal, n, dowrgleudh (m), dowrgleudhyow (pl). grodn (m, RLC). canary, n, canary (m), canaries (pl). buoy, n, morverk (m), morvercow (pl), morverkys (pl). 8 candle, n, cantol (f), cantolyow (pl); candle-stick, n, cell, n, bagh (f), bahow (pl). cantolbren (m), cantolbrennyer (pl), cellar, n, dorgel (f), dorgellow (pl); celder (m), celders cantolbrednyer (pl, RLC). (pl). candy floss, n, comolen sugra (f); blew sugra (coll). Celt, n, Kelt (m), Keltyon (pl). cannon, n, canon (m), canonyow (pl). Celtic, adj, keltek. canoe, n, canou‧ (m), canouyow (pl). centimetre, n, centimeter (m), centimetrow (pl). cap, n, cappa (m), cappow (pl), cappys (pl). central, adj, cres. captain, n, capten (m), captenow (pl), captens (pl). centre, n, (middle) cres (m); (building) cresen (f), car, n, carr (m), kerry (pl); car park, n, park kerry (m), cresennow (pl); cresednow (pl, RLC); (rugby player) parcow kerry (pl); car wash, n, golghva gerry (f), creswas (m), creswesyon (pl). golghvaow kerry (pl); police car, n, carr creslu (m), century, n, cansvledhen (f), cansvledhynnyow (pl), kerry creslu (pl). cansvledhydnyow (pl, RLC). caravan, n, ca‧ravan (m), ca‧ravans (pl). certain, I adj, (certain) certan; diogel; II prn, (a certain card, n, carten (f), cartennow (pl), cartednow (pl, RLC); one) unn; udn (RLC). credit card, n, carten gresys (f), cartennow cresys certainly, adv, devri‧; yn tevri‧; yn certan; sur; surredy; (pl), cartednow cresys (pl, RLC); cash card, n, carten yn surredy. vona (f), cartennow mona (pl), cartednow vona (pl, chair, n, cador (f), cadoryow (pl). RLC). chairlift, n, cador yskyn (f), cadoryow yskyn (pl). cardigan, n, ca‧rdigan (m), cardiganow (pl). chalet, n, crow prenn (m), crowyow prenn (pl); crow cargo, n, carg (m), cargow (pl). predn (m, RLC), crowyow predn (pl, RLC). carnal, adj, carnal. chalk, n, crey (m). carpenter, n, ser prenn (m), sery brenn (pl); ser predn chance, n, chons (m), chonsyow (pl); feus (f); hap (m), (m, RLC), sery bredn (pl, RLC). happys (pl): by chance, phr, dre hap. carpet, n, leurlen (f), leurlennow (pl), leurlednow (pl, chandler, n, gwicor (m), gwicoryon (pl). RLC). changing room, n, gwiskva (f), gwiskvaow (pl). carriage, n, cocha (m), cochys (pl). chaos, n, dera‧y (m), dera‧ys (pl). carrot, n, caretysen (f), caretys (coll). chap (male person), n, gwas (m), gwesyon (pl); polat carry, vb, don. (m), polatys (pl). cart, n, kert (m), kertow (pl), kertys (pl). chapel, n, chapel (m), chapelyow (pl). case, n, (box) trog (m), trogow (pl); (circumstance) cas charity, n, (virtue) cherita (m); kerensa (f), kerenja (f, (m); in case, conj, rag own; rag dout; les (RLC). RLC); (body) aluseneth (f), alusenethow (pl). cash, n, mona (coll). chart, n, tresen (f), tresennow (pl), tresednow (pl, cassette tape, n, songist (f), songistyow (pl). RLC). castle, n, castel (m), castylly (pl). chase, vb, chassya. cat, n, cath (f), cathes (pl). chatter, vb, clappya. catch, vb, cachya. cheat, vb, tolla. category, n, class (m), classys (pl). cheek (face), n, bogh (f), bohow (pl), diwvogh (dl). caterpillar, n, pryv del (m), prev del (m, RLC), preves cheese, n, keus (m), keusyow (pl). del (pl). check-out, n, rekenva (f), rekenvaow (pl). cathedral, n, penneglos (f), penneglosyow (pl); eglos chef, n, keginer (m), keginoryon (pl); keginores (f), teg (f, RLC), eglosyow teg (pl, RLC). keginoresow (pl). cattle, coll n, buhes (f pl); (horned cattle) gwarthek cherry, n, keresen (f), keres (coll). (coll). chess, n, gwydhbol (m). cauldron, n, cawdarn (m), cawdarns (pl); chek (m), chest, n, (body) brest (m); (container) argh (f), arhow chekys (pl). (pl); cofer (m), cofrow (pl); (chest of drawers) argh cauliflower, n, cowlvleujen (f), cowlvleujennow (pl), dhillas (f), arhow dillas (pl); (money box) argh vona cowlvleujednow (pl, RLC). (f), arhow mona (pl). cause, I n, acheson (m), achesonyow (pl); skila (f), chestnut, n, kestenen (f), kesten (coll). skilys (pl); to be the cause of, vb phr, skila; II vb, chew, vb, knias; chew the cud, vb phr, dasknias. cawsya; to cause to, vb, gul dhe. chick, n, mabyar (f), mabyer (pl). cautious, adj, war. chicken, n, yar (f), yer (pl); chicken meat, n, kig yar CD, n, plasen arhansek (f), plasennow arhansek (pl), (m), kigyow yar (pl); chicken shed, n, crow yer (m), plasednow arhansek (pl, RLC); cidy (m), cidis (pl); crowyow yer (pl). abbr, CD. child, n, flogh (m), flehes (pl). cease, vb, hedhy; astel; cessya; difygya. chimney, n, chymbla (m), chimblys (pl). ceiling, n, nen (m), nenyow (pl). chin, n, elgeth (f), elgethyow (pl). celery, n, kegisen wheg (f), kegis wheg (coll). chip, n, asclosen (f), asclos (coll); scobm (m, RLC), 9 scobmow (pl, RCL); chip shop, n, asclotty (m), cod, n, barvus (m), barvusy (pl), barvujy (pl, RLC). asclottiow (pl). coffee, n, coffy (m); instant coffee, n, coffy desempis chip, vb, asclosy. (m). chocolate, n, choclet (m). coil, I vb, terhy; II n, torgh (f), tergh (pl). choir, n, keur (m), keuryow (pl). coin, n, bath (m), bathow (pl). compatible, adj, kesplegadow. cold, I n, (temperature) yeynder (m); (illness) anwos choose, vb, dewis. (m); II adj, yeyn; bitterly cold, adj, or; to catch cold, chop, vb, divyn; nadha. vb phr, anwosy; I have a cold, phr, yma anwos chopstick, n, gwelennik (f), gwelednik (f, RLC), dhymm; ma anwos dhybm (RLC). gwelenigow (pl). collect, vb, cuntel. chough, n, palores (f), paloresow (pl). college, n, coljy (m), coljiow (pl). Christmas, n, Nadelik (m); Christmas Day, n, Dydh colour, n, liw (m), liwyow (pl). Nadelik; Christmas tree, gwedhen Nadelik (f), comb, I n, crib (f), cribow (pl); II vb, cribas. gwydh Nadelik (coll), gwedh Nadelik (coll, RLC). come, vb, dos. church, n, eglos (f), eglosyow (pl). comedian, n, gesyer (m), gesyoryon (pl). cider, n, cider (m). comfortable, adj, atte‧s; make yourselves comfortable!, cinema, n, ci‧nema (m), ci‧nemas (pl). phr, omjersyewgh! circle, n, kylgh (m), kylghyow (pl). comic, I adj, wharthus; II n, (paper) comik (m), circumference, n, compas (m). comigow (pl). circus, n, cirk (m), circow (pl) command, I n, arhadow (m), arhadowyow (m); II vb, city, n, cita (f), citys (pl); capital city, n, penncita (f), erhy. penncitys (pl); pedncita (f, RLC), pedncitys (pl, RLC). common, adj, kemmyn; kebmyn (RLC). clamour, n, hobadolya (m), hobadolyas (pl); tros (m), companion, n, coweth (m), cowetha (pl); cowethes (f), trosyow (pl). cowethesow (pl). clap, vb, tackya; clap one’s hands, vb phr, tackya company, n, cowethyans (m). diwleuv. compare, vb, kehevely. class, n, class (m), classys (pl). compass (magnetic), n, mornaswydh (f), claw, I n, ewin (m), ewines (pl); craban (m), crabanow mornaswydhow (pl); mornajedh (f, RLC), (pl); (of crab) paw (m), pawyow (pl); II vb, cravas; mornajedhow (pl, RLC). scravinyas. compel, vb, compella. clay, n, pri (m), prei (m, RLC); clay pit, n, poll pri (m). complete, I adj, dien; II vb, cowlwul. clean, I adj, glan; II vb, glanhe‧. completely, adv, yn tien; qwit. clear, adj, cler; (transparent) ylyn; elyn (RLC). compromise, n, kesassoylyans (m), kesassoylyansow clearly, adv, yn cler. (pl). clever, adj, skentel. computer, n, jynn amontya (m), jynnow amontya (pl), cliff, n, als (f), alsyow (pl), aljyow (pl, RLC). jynnys amontya (pl). climate, n, hin (f). comrade, n, cothman (m), cothmans (pl); coweth (m), climb, vb, yskynna; ascendya; crambla (RCL). cowetha (pl). cloak, n, clok (m), clokys (pl). conceal, vb, cudha; keles. clock, n, clock (m), clockow (pl), clockys (pl). conceive (a child), vb, o‧mdhon. close, I adj, ogas; clos; come close!, phr, deus nes!; II vb, concern, n, bern (m); it is of no concern, phr, ny vern; (shut) degea; (approach) neshe‧. it does not concern me, phr, ny’m deur mann. closed, adj, deges. concerning, prp, yn kever (used with possess. closely, adv, yn ogas; clos. adjectives); a-dro dhe2; ’dro dhe2 (RLC). cloth, n, qweth (f), qwethow (pl). concert (performance), n, (vocal) kescan (f), kescanow clothe, vb, gwisca; to clothe oneself, vb phr, omwisca. (pl); (instrumental) kesilow (f), kesilowyow (pl). clothes, n, dilasen (f), dillas (coll). cone, n, pigorn (m), pigern (pl). cloud, n, cloud (m), cloudys (pl); comolen (f), commol confection, n, kyfeyth (m), kyfeythyow (pl). (coll), cobmol (coll, RLC); thunder cloud, n phr, confess, vb, avowa; meneges. poster (m), posterow (pl). confession, n, avowans (m), avowansow (pl). cloudy, adj, comolek. consecrate, vb, sacra. clown, n, lorden (m), lordenyon (pl). consider, vb, predery. coal, n, glow (m). console, n, consolen (f), consolennow (pl), coast, n, arvor (m), arvoryow (pl). consolednow (pl, RLC); video game console, n, coat, n, cota (m), cotow (pl), cotys (pl). consolen gwariow gwydhyow (f). cobweb, n, gwias kevnis (m), gwiasow kevnis (pl). constitution, n, corf laha (m). cockerel, n, culyek (m), culyogyon (pl). continuation, n, pesyans (m), pesyansow (pl); pejyans 10