L. L.Welborn An End to Enmity http://avaxhome.ws/blogs/ChrisRedfield Beihefte zur Zeitschrift für die neutestamentliche Wissenschaft und die Kunde der älteren Kirche Herausgegeben von James D. G. Dunn · Carl R.Holladay Hermann Lichtenberger · Jens Schröter Gregory E. Sterling · Michael Wolter Band 185 De Gruyter L. L. Welborn An End to Enmity Paul and the “Wrongdoer” of Second Corinthians De Gruyter ISBN 978-3-11-026327-5 e-ISBN 978-3-11-026330-5 ISSN 0171-6441 LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Welborn,L.L.,1953- Anendtoenmity:Paulandthe“wrongdoer”ofSecondCorinthians/ LarryL.Welborn. p.cm.-(BeiheftezurZeitschriftfürdieneutestamentlicheWissen- schaftunddieKundederälterenKirche,ISSN0171-6441;Bd.185) Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN978-3-11-026327-5(hardcover:alk.paper) 1.Bible. N.T.Corinthians, 2nd - Socio-rhetoricalcriticism. 2. Paul, theApostle,Saint-Adversaries. I.Title. BS2675.52.W44 2011 2271.3067-dc23 2011018150 BibliographicinformationpublishedbytheDeutscheNationalbibliothek TheDeutscheNationalbibliothekliststhispublicationintheDeutscheNationalbibliografie; detailedbibliographicdataareavailableintheInternetathttp://dnb.d-nb.de. ”2011WalterdeGruyterGmbH&Co.KG,Berlin/Boston Printing:Hubert&Co.GmbH&Co.KG,Göttingen (cid:2)Printedonacid-freepaper PrintedinGermany www.degruyter.com An End to Enmity: Paul and the ‘Wrongdoer’ of Second Corinthians L. L. Welborn In Honorem Edwin A. Judge Contents Acknowledgements ..................................... IX Abbreviations .......................................... XIII Preface ............................................... XIX Chapter One: Introduction ............................... 1 Chapter Two: History of Scholarship ....................... 3 Chapter Three: Inferences from Exegesis .................... 23 Chapter Four: Social and Rhetorical Conventions ............. 212 Chapter Five: Prosopography ............................. 289 Chapter Six: History of a Friendship ....................... 382 Bibliography .......................................... 485 Index of Ancient Sources ................................ 529 Index of Modern Authors ................................ 559 Acknowledgements It is a joy to be able to thank all those whose insight, criticism, and gen- erous support have contributed to this book. At the top of the list is the person to whom the book is dedicated: Edwin Judge. In the spring of 2006,IwasinvitedtopresentlecturesastheVisitingFellowattheannual conferenceof theSocietyfortheStudyof EarlyChristianityatMacquarie University.TheknowledgethatEdwinJudgewouldbemyrespondenton this occasion lent a special intensity to the preparation of lectures in whichIsoughttobuildupontheinsightsof EdwinJudgeandhisstudent Peter Marshall into the social and rhetorical conventions that governed friendship, enmity, and reconciliation in the Greco-Roman world. My anxiety at facing Edwin Judge as respondent proved to be as fruitful as it was unfounded. On the long flight back from Sydney, Australia, to Dayton, Ohio, I found myself perusing a manuscript of 120 pages and assumed (wrongly, as it turned out) that I would soon be able to trans- form the manuscript into a little book on the episode of Paul’s conflict with the “wrongdoer” of 2 Corinthians. Over the past four years, Edwin Judge has become the most significant influence upon my devel- opment as a historian of early Christianity, generously devoting hours to discussion of the questions that animate my research. I now owe Edwin Judgeasmuch gratitudeasIfeel towardsmyoldmentor ArnaldoMomi- gliano, who first taught me how knowledge of Greco-Roman historycan be made useful for the study of the New Testament. Readers of this book will surely discern that its origin, and hence my indebtedness, lies farther back than the spring of 2006. I first encoun- tered the enigma of the !dij¶sar when serving as a research assistant for Hans Dieter Betz in the preparation of his Hermeneia commentary on 2 Corinthians 8 and 9. In composing the footnotes for the present book, I was pleased to be reminded that Hans Dieter Betz had already proposed the most plausible solution to the problem of the nature of theoffenseofthe!dij¶saragainstPaul.WhileastudentattheUniversity ofChicago,IalsoprofitedfromseveralconversationswithDavidEpstein, then assistant to President Hannah Gray, about personal enmity in Roman politics.